谷氨酸钠刺激下丘脑弓状核区对大鼠和因浆唾液酸水平的影响

探讨弓核区神经元兴奋对大鼠血浆唾液酸水平的影响。方法，紫外分光光度法，测定ＡＲＣ区注射不同浓度谷氨酸钠对大鼠血浆ＳＡ水平的影响，并与对照组进行比较。结果ＡＲＣ区注射Ｇｌｕ后，血浆Ｓ水平较对照组明显降低，且呈明显的量效依赖关系，此效应可被静脉注射多巴胺受体阻断剂。     

大鼠血浆唾液酸水平变化的中枢调节机制

①目的 探讨大鼠血浆唾液酸（ＳＡ）水平变化的调节机制。②方法 采用紫外分光光度法,测定乌拉坦麻醉,侧脑室注射多巴胺（ＤＡ）及弓状核（ＡＲＣ区注射谷氨酸钠（Ｇｌｕ）等后大鼠血浆ＳＡ水平的变化。③结果 乌拉坦麻醉组血浆ＳＡ水平较对照组明显降低（ｔ＝３．２０,Ｐ〈０．０５）;侧脑室注射ＤＡ后,血浆ＳＡ水平较注射前明显降低（Ｆ＝３．２９,ｑ＝４．２６,Ｐ〈０．０５）,与同一时间对照组相比,亦明显降低（ｔ＝     

L－谷氨酸及其拮抗剂对大鼠脑片旁巨细胞外侧核神经元自发放电的影响

作者在大鼠脑干脑片旁巨细胞外侧核（ＰＧＣＬ）区，用多管微电极技术观察了微电泳谷氨酸（Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）及其拮抗剂ＤＬ－２－氨基－５－磷酸戊酸（ＡＰ５），对神经元自发放电的效应及ＡＰ５对Ｌ－Ｃｌｕ作用的影响。在５１片脑片ＰＧＣＬ区共记录１３６个自发放电稳定的神经元，主要呈重复放电样式。Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ和ＡＰ５对自发放电均有兴奋、抑制和无影响三种效应，各占所测试神经元数的８０．６５％、８．０６％、１１．２９％（Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）和２８．００％、８．００％、６４．００％（ＡＰ５）。兴奋反应呈量效依赖关系。ＡＰ５部分地阻断部分神经元（７１．８７％）对Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ的兴奋作用。结果表明大鼠离体脑片ＰＧＣＬ区神经元自发放电样式主要是重复放电，并从细胞水平上提示ＰＧＣＬ区有起递质作用的内源性兴奋性氨基酸（ＥＡＡ），其神经元上有Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸（ＮＭＤＡ）和非ＮＭＤＡＥＡＡ受体亚型。     

大鼠下丘脑弓状核β一内啡肽能神经元在血浆皮质酮应激反应中的作用

大鼠新生期腹腔注射谷氨酸单钠（ＭＳＧ），成年后，下丘脑弓状核（ＡＲＣ）的β一内啡肽（β一ＥＮＤ）免疫反应细胞减少６１．０％，血浆皮质酮基础值未受明显影响。在不可躲避的持续电刺激四肢足底３０ｍｉｎ后，ＭＳＧ组动物血浆皮质用水平显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）．这些结果与相应的对照组无明显差异，提示ＡＲＣ的β一ＦＮＤ能神经元在垂体一肾上腺皮质系统应激反应中不起重要的调节作用。     

谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸及其拮抗剂对大鼠旁巨细胞外侧核神经元自发放电的影响

采用多管微电极技术在２２只麻醉的ＳＤ大鼠观察了分别微电泳谷氨酸钠（Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）、γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）及其拮抗剂ＤＬ－２－氨基－５－磷酸戊酸（ＡＰ５）、荷包牡丹碱（ＢＩＣ）对旁巨细胞外侧核尾半侧（ｃＰＧＣＬ）神经元自发放电的效应和ＡＰ５对Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ，ＢＩＣ对ＧＡＢＡ作用的影响。结果显示：Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ使大多数被测试神经元（３０／３６个）兴奋，ＧＡＢＡ使全部受试神经元（ｎ＝５３）抑制；ＡＰ５、ＢＩＣ有兴奋、抑制和无作用三类效应，Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ和ＢＩＣ的兴奋作用、ＧＡＢＡ的抑制作用呈量效依赖关系；ＡＰ５部分阻断大部分受试神经元（１４／１９个）对Ｌ－Ｇｕ的兴奋反应，ＢＩＣ部分或完全阻断大多数受试神经元（１８／２４个）对ＧＡＢＡ的抑制反应，提示ｃＰＧＣＬ可能存在起神经递质作用的内源性Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ和ＧＡＢＡ及兴奋性氨基酸（ＥＡＡ，包括ＮＭＤＡ和非ＮＭＤＡ）受体和ＧＡＢＡＡ受体。这些递质和受体可能介导ＰＧＣＬ对呼吸和其它机能系统的调控。     

中脑导水管周围灰质在肌梭传入镇痛中的作用

目的 分析ＰＡＧ在肌梭传入镇冯肿的航有关的神经递质。方法 以大鼠脊髓背角广动力型（ＷＤＲ）神经元伤害性诱发反应（Ｃ－反应）为痛指标,采用细胞外记录单位放电、核团损毁及核团内微量注射药物的方法,观察静脉注射琥珀胆碱（ＳＣＨ）所诱发的肌梭传入对ＷＤＲ神经元Ｃ－反应的影响。结果 静脉注射ＳＣＨ可兴奋大多数ＰＡＧ神经元的自发放电活动,而对ＷＤＲ神经元Ｃ－反应呈明显的抑制作用;损毁双侧ＰＡＧ腹外侧区后,静脉     

面口部炎症刺激增强CGRP mRNA,PPTA mRNA及NOS在大鼠三叉神经节中的表达

为了研究ＣＧＲＰｍＲＮＡ，ＰＰＴＡｍＲＮＡ和ＮＯＳ在伤害性刺激后大鼠ＴＧ中合成和表达的变化，将４％鹿角菜胶（ＣＡＲ）溶液注射到大鼠一侧口周皮下作为作害性刺激模型，用ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ组织化学法结合ＣＧＲＰ，ＰＰＴＡｍＲＮＡｓ原位杂交组织化学法对此进行了观察．结果显示：对照组大鼠ＴＧ中约有３２．２％，１６．２％和１０％的神经元分别呈ＣＧＲＰｍＲＮＡ，ＰＰＴＡｍＲＮＡ和ＮＯＳ阳性．ＣＡＲ刺激后，在刺激侧ＴＧ，ＣＧＲＰｍＲＮＡ，ＰＰＴＡｍＲＮＡ和ＮＯＳ阳性神经元的数量均增多，其阳性率分别达到了３８．６％，…     

室旁核和交感神经系统介导中央杏仁核升压反应

将Ｌ－谷氨酸钠（Ｇｌｕ）注入鸟拉坦麻醉大鼠的中央杏仁核（ＡＣ）引起血压升高。ＡＣ内注入生理盐水或ＡＣ周围区注入Ｇｌｕ对血压均无明显影响。双侧室旁核内注射普鲁卡因或〔Ｄ－Ｐｒｏ＾２，Ｄ－Ｐｈｅ＾７，Ｄ－Ｔｒｐ＾９〕－ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅ Ｐ（Ｐ物质拮抗剂）可明显衰减兴奋ＡＣ引起的升压反应，酚妥拉明或心得安（ｉ．ｖ．）也能削弱该反应，但甲基阿托品（ｉ．ｖ．）无明显影响。以上结果表明室旁核（Ｐ物质－受体）     

室旁核和交感神经系统介导中央杏仁核升压反应

将Ｌ－谷氨酸钠（Ｇｌｕ）注入鸟拉坦麻醉大鼠的中央杏仁核（ＡＣ）引起血压升高。ＡＣ内注入生理盐水或ＡＣ周围区注入Ｇｌｕ对血压均无明显影响。双侧室旁核内注射普鲁卡因或（Ｄ－ｐｒｏ２，Ｄ－ｐｈｅ７，Ｄ－Ｔｒｐ９）－ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅＰ（Ｐ物质拮抗剂）可明显衰减兴奋ＡＣ引起的升压反应，酚妥拉明或心得安（ｉ．ｖ．）也能削弱该反应，但甲基阿托品（ｉ．ｖ．）无明显影响。以上结果表明室旁核（Ｐ物质－受体）和交感神经系统介导ＡＣ升压反应。     

P物质和GABA对黑质—丘脑腹内侧核通路的调节

观察了单脉冲低频率电刺激大鼠纹状体（ＣＰｕ）和黑质网状部（ＳＮＲ）注射Ｐ物质（ＳＰ，２．５μｇ／０．０５μｌ），对丘脑腹内侧核（ＶＭ）自发放电频率的影响。结果是：（１）电刺激ＣＰｕ使大多数ＶＭ神经元兴奋（１６／１８）；（２）ＳＮＲ注ＳＰ使大多数神经元抑制（１５／１９）；（３）大多数神经元（１１／１５）对电刺激ＣＰｕ表现兴奋的同时，对ＳＮＲ注ＳＰ表现抑制。提示电刺激ＣＰｕ触发了纹体—黑质ＧＡＢＡ的释放，ＧＡＢＡ与ＳＰ在黑质水平共同调节黑质—ＶＭＧＡＢＡ通路，前者抑制，后者兴奋。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.