家族性息肉病两种手术方式的效果分析

目的 探讨家族性息肉病两种手术方式对术后排便功能的影响.方法 回顾性总结采用全结肠切除、回直肠吻合术(ileorectal anastomosis,IRA)和回结直肠切除、回肠J形贮袋成形、回肠肛管吻合术(ileal pouch anal anastomosis,IPAA)治疗38例家族性息肉病的资料.结果 两种手术方式半年后的排便次数无明显差异,且随着时间的延长,排便次数均明显减少,综合排便功能也基本相似.IPAA组治疗更为彻底,有效减少术后息肉的复发.结论 IPAA是治疗家族性息肉病比较理想的术式.     

腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2006～2011年为13例FAP患者分别行腹腔镜辅助回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术及回肠储袋与肛管吻合术的临床资料,并进行对比分析。结果:两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口长度、进食时间、住院时间、住院费用差异均无统计学意义。术后6个月随访,腹腔镜辅助下回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术较回肠储袋肛管吻合术后患者排便次数明显减少,肛管静息压及最大收缩压明显增高。结论:与传统回肠储袋肛管吻合术相比,回肠储袋直肠肌管吻合手术保留了部分直肠肌管,不仅有效减少了盆底肌肉损伤的可能性,而且很好地保护了肛门括约肌,因而可更好地保留患者的控排便功能。     

家族性结直肠腺瘤样息肉病58例报告

目的 总结家族性结直肠腺瘤样息肉病(FAP)的最佳手术方式及临床效果.方法 对58例FAP患者的临床资料进行总结.结果 58例中良性45例,癌变13例.全部患者均施行了全结肠切除,采用回肠造口8例,部分直肠切除和回直肠吻合16例,直肠切除、回肠贮袋肛管吻合4例,直肠切除、直肠黏膜剥脱经直肠肌鞘内回肠J形贮袋肛管吻合30例(随访1～5年,大便次数2～4次/d,肛门有控便能力,无息肉复发、癌变,均能参加重体力劳动).本组严重并发症5例.随访6个月～8年,良性患者术后均存活,6例术后5～7年发生癌变而再次行手术.13例癌变者中,4例术后6～13个月因肿瘤广泛转移死亡,另9例仍存活.排便功能以回肠造口术较差,保留直肠的术式较好.结论 治疗FAP,选择全结肠切除、保留直肠肌鞘、回肠贮袋、回肠肛管吻合术较合适.     

家族性腺癌性息肉病的手术选择(摘要)

家族性腺瘤性息肉病(FAP)是常染色体显性遗传性疾病,如不手术治疗终将发生癌变,本文报告23例,男12例,女11例,年龄19~62岁,35岁以下10例,有家族史13例,手术时有8例癌变。最小癌变年龄23岁。治疗:行全结肠直肠切除回肠造口术1例,只适用于中低位直肠有恶变或全结肠切除回肠直肠吻合术后直肠发生癌变无法保留肛门括约肌者。行全结肠切除回肠直肠吻合术12例,保留段直肠为6~8cm便于术后复查直肠。适应证为直肠下段腺瘤少并能长期随访。行升结肠切除升结肠直肠吻合术1例。行全结肠切除,直肠部分切除,直肠粘膜剥除共9例,其中回肠末端直接与肛管吻合4例,J—pouch肛管吻合4例,S-pouch肛管吻合1例。随访1~18年,平均97个月,脾曲癌变1例术后3年死亡。回肠直肠吻合术12例中有4例直肠腺瘤再发多次手术切除,其中1例直肠腺瘤第3次再发未接受手术切除而致癌变,经局部切除。术后近期排便功能回肠直肠吻合组优于直肠粘膜剥除组。回肠贮袋有无远期排便功能无差别。作者认为应根据病变的范围、程度、有无恶变、能否长期随访、医生的经验等选择手术治疗方法。只要适应证选择合适即能取得良好的疗效。     

应用吻合器手术治疗家族性腺瘤样息肉病21例分析

目的探讨3种吻合器在治疗家族性腺瘤样息肉病的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2000年1月至2005年12月间采用吻合器手术治疗家族性腺瘤样息肉病21例的临床资料。结果21例病人均采用3种吻合器手术,行全结肠切除、直肠超低位前切除、回肠J形贮袋肛管吻合术,并预防性回肠造口。全组无手术死亡病人、无吻合口瘘、盆腔脓肿、吻合口狭窄等严重并发症发生。1例病人发生贮袋粘连,在直肠镜下分离治愈;2例吻合口附近发现息肉经内镜电灼切除。全组病人排便功能满意,排便次数控制在每天2～5次。结论采用3种吻合器进行结肠切除、直肠超低位前切除、回肠贮袋与肛管吻合术,并预防性回肠造口,手术安全、简捷省时、术后并发症较少,应作为首选手术方式,手术后应进行长期随访,及时发现和处理复发息肉。     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病的外科治疗

为了提高家族性腺瘤性息肉病（ＦＡＰ）的外科治疗效果，对１６例ＦＡＰ患者的外科治疗情况进行了回顾性总结。１６例中除１例行全结肠直肠切除、回肠造口外，其余１５例均行全结肠直肠切除、回肠贮袋肛管吻合术。贮袋式中Ｊ型３例、Ｈ型１例，Ｓ型１１例，术后全部患者获１～５年随访，随访结果表明，病人排便功能均较满意，其中以Ｓ型贮袋者为好。笔者认为全结肠直肠切除是治疗ＦＡＰ唯一彻底有效的方法，而回肠贮袋肛管吻合则是减少术后排便次数、提高术后生活质量的良好术式，并讨论了手术方式的选择、手术操作等     

全结直肠切除、回肠储袋肛管吻合术治疗结肠息肉病的手术体会

全结直肠切除去除了息肉发生和恶变的结构基础,是治疗结肠息肉病的理想方法.但回肠造瘘后的不便或回肠肛管吻合后的便频是患者难于下定决心接受该术的重要因素.笔者于2009年3月和10月分别对2例结肠息肉病并癌变者施行了全结直肠切除和J型回肠储袋肛管吻合术,术后患者控便、排便功能满意.现将手术体会总结于下.     

腹腔镜辅助下全大肠切除、回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助下全大肠切除、回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术在治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)中的价值.方法 回顾性统计分析7例FAP患者行腹腔镜辅助下全大肠切除、回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术的手术、术后恢复情况及随访资料,并与同期开腹手术患者相比较.结果 腹腔镜手术患者手术切口平均长度为4.32 cm,明显短于开腹手术,差异有统计学意义;术后排气时间平均为1.45 d,短于开腹患者,两组间差异无统计学意义;住院时间平均为11.95d,明显短于开腹手术患者,差异有统计学意义.术后6个月随访资料显示回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术安全可靠,较回肠储袋肛管吻合术后患者排便次数明显减少,肛管静息压和最大收缩压明显增高.结论 与原有回肠储袋肛管吻合术相比,腹腔镜辅助全大肠切除、回肠储袋直肠肌管吻合术不仅手术创伤小,手术方式简单,手术难度低,而且减少了可能发生的盆底肌肉和肛门括约肌损伤,更好地保留患者控排便功能.     

J型回肠贮袋肛管吻合术在全结肠切除中的应用

目的：探讨全结肠切除术后J型回肠贮袋肛管吻合的价值。方法：对近5年16例全结肠切除病人应用J型回肠贮袋肛管肛管吻合术进行分析总结。结果：该术式并发症少,无一例回肠肛管吻合口瘘发生,肛门功能良好,无夜间漏便,大便次数平均3－5次／d,夜间0－1次,无贮袋炎发生,病人对生活质量感到满意。全组病人随访1－5年,无恶变发生。结论：全结肠切除J型回肠贮袋肛管吻合术能有效地预防吻合口瘘,贮袋炎,且肛门功能好,手术操作相对简便易行,只要指征选择适当,该术式是一种较为理想的手术方法。     

回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病15例分析

目的探讨回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术在治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病中的价值。方法回顾性分析15例FAP患者行全大肠切除回肠储袋与肛管或直肠肌管吻合术的手术方式、并发症以及结肠镜、肛肠测压等随访资料。结果回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术安全可靠,无严重并发症,较回肠储袋肛管吻合术术后排便频率明显降低,肛管静息压力和最大收缩压力明显增高,肛管长度明显延长。结论与传统的回肠储袋肛管吻合术相比,回肠储袋与直肠肌管吻合术简化了手术,减少了盆底肌肉和肛门括约肌损伤,保留了更多控便功能。     

Restorative Proctocolectomy or Rectum-Preserving Surgery in Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: Results of a Prospective Study

Surgical treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is still controversial. From 1984 we carried out a prospective evaluation of total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) and restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) to determine differences in postoperative complications, functional results, occurrence of desmoids, and recurrence of polyps in the rectal stump. IRA was performed below the peritoneal reflection and was indicated in the absence of rectal cancer and in the presence of fewer than 10 polyps or minute polyposis in the last 10 cm of the rectal mucosa. IRA patients underwent a regular endoscopic follow-up and prolonged sulindac administration (100 mg twice daily). When criteria for IRA were absent, IPAA was performed adopting a manual anastomosis at the pectinate line. Fourteen patients were operated with IRA and 24 with IPAA. There was no difference in sex and age between the two groups of patients. The number of rectal polyps was significantly different in the two groups. Immediate postoperative complications were observed in only five IPAA patients, three of whom (12%) required reoperation. Late postoperative complications occurred more frequently in IRA patients (14%) than in IPAA patients (4%). Desmoids developed in both groups (five in the IRA group and four in IPAA group). The number of bowel movements was similar in both groups, but 25% of IPAA patients complained of nocturnal fecal soiling. Fulguration or polypectomy for recurrent polyps was necessary in all but two IRA patients at follow-up. The rectal stump was easily eradicated by polyps in all but four patients with minute polyps at surgery. In the latter patients a diffuse or carpeting rectal polyposis occurred. IPAA can give optimum control of colorectal polyposis in FAP patients with an acceptable incidence of postoperative complications and satisfactory functional results. This type of surgical procedure is indicated in most FAP patients, and IRA should be reserved for patients without polyps or with fewer than 10 polyps in the rectal stump; otherwise growth of polyps cannot be adequately controlled.     

直肠手术各种储袋的应用与评价

结肠储袋能改善低位直肠切除保肛术后早期控制排粪功能障碍,但其对患者术后远期（2年以上）控制排粪功能方面不具有优势。同时,随着时间的延长,排空障碍的发生率将逐渐提高,很多患者出现排粪困难,需要长期应用栓剂和灌肠。而储袋的制作延长了手术时间,增加了治疗费用。所以,低位直肠切除术后结肠储袋的价值正在遭受质疑,它的应用也变得越来越少。在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和家族性腺瘤性息肉病（FAP）行全结肠切除术后,如果行回肠储袋肛管吻合（IPAA）,可通过增加新建直肠的容积并改变肠管的生理学动力,使排粪次数减少;且术后短期和长期控制排粪功能更好,生活质量更高。所以,IPAA是手术治疗UC和FAP的首选。     

Prevalence of Adenomas and Carcinomas in the Ileal Pouch After Proctocolectomy in Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Purpose  Restorative proctocolectomy has become the most common surgical option for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, adenomas may develop in the ileal pouch mucosa over time, and even carcinoma in the pouch has been reported. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence, nature, and etiology of ileal pouch and nonpouch adenomas and carcinoma in patients with FAP. Patients and methods  This was a retrospective study of 31 FAP patients with Kock’s continent ileostomy (Kock; n = 8), ileorectal anastomosis (IRA; n = 7), and ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) (n = 16). All patients were followed with a standardized protocol including chromoendoscopy and biopsies of visible polyps in the ileal pouch and nonpouch mucosa. Results  Sixteen of 24 pouch patients (Kock and IPAA) developed adenomas in the ileal pouch mucosa, and all patients with IRA developed adenomas in the rectal mucosa. The prevalence of ileal adenomas was significantly higher in pouch patients than in IRA patients (P = 0.002). Only one patient with Kock showed adenoma in the prepouch area. Two cases of adenocarcinomas and one case of advanced adenoma were found in the ileal pouch mucosa. Conclusion  Our results show a high frequency of adenomas in the ileal pouch mucosa, with evolution into carcinoma in some patients. Regular endoscopic surveillance of the pouch is recommended at a frequency similar to that for the rectal mucosa after IRA in pouch patients with FAP.     

Rectal eversion and double-stapled ileal pouch anal anastomosis in familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome

INTRODUCTION

Surgery is the only treatment option for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Aim of surgery in FAP is to minimize colorectal cancer risk without need for permanent stoma. There are especially two operation options; Total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) and total proctocolectomy with ileo-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). We report here a patient with FAP who had resection via rectal eversion just over the dentate line under direct visualization and ileoanal-J pouch anastomosis by double-stapler technique.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 40 yr. old female patient with FAP underwent surgery. Firstly, colon and the rectum mobilized completely, and then from the 10 cm. proximal to the ileo-caecal valve to the recto-sigmoid junction total colectomy was performed. Rectum was everted by a grasping forceps which was introduced through the anus and then resection was performed by a linear stapler just over the dentate line. A stapled J-shaped ileal reservoir construction followed by intraluminal stapler-facilitated ileoanal anastomosis. Follow up at six months anal sphincter function was found normal.

DISCUSSION

There is only surgical management option for FAP patients up to now. Total colectomy with IRA and restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA is surgical options for FAP patients that avoid the need for a permanent stoma. Anorectal eversion may be used in the surgical treatment of FAP, chronic ulcerative colitis and early stage distal rectal cancer patients.

CONCLUSION

J-pouch ileoanal anastomosis can safely be performed by rectal eversion and double stapler technique in FAP patients.     

全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术的远期疗效评价

目的　探讨全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)和家族性腺瘤性息肉病 (FAP)的远期疗效。方法　 1985～ 2 0 0 2年间共对 6 1例患者行全结肠直肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术 ,其中UC 2 5例、FAP 34例、其他 2例 ,应用S袋 2 5例、S J袋 13例、J袋 17例以及W袋 6例 ,术后随诊 1～ 18年、平均 8年 ,比较分析术后控便功能及并发症。结果　全部患者存活。并发症发生率为 16 % ( 10 / 6 1) ,其中UC患者 ( 2 4 % ,6 / 2 5 )高于FAP患者 ( 12 % ,4 / 34) ,W袋高于其他各袋 ,手法吻合 ( 2 0 % ,8/ 4 1)高于吻合器吻合 ( 10 % ,2 / 2 0 ) ,但差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。术后 2 4h大便次数平均为 4 2次。日间 84 % ( 4 3/ 5 1)、夜间 75 % ( 38/ 5 1)的患者排便能自控 ,6 % ( 3/ 5 1)的患者有明显的大便失禁。大部分患者对目前的生活质量表示满意。结论　全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗可维持UC与FAP患者肛管自控功能和可接受的大便次数 ,术后并发症较少 ,是较为理想的手术方式     

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis experience better bowel function and quality of life after ileorectal anastomosis than after ileoanal pouch

Objective To evaluate the quality of life with emphasis on bowel function in patients undergoing either total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) or restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA) for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Patients and methods All 151 patients operated on in our department between 1971 and 2000 were analysed retrospectively. Since 42 patients had to undergo reoperations, a total of 194 bowel procedures were performed. The final operative breakdown was: 48 IRA, 62 IPAA, 33 total proctocolectomies and 8 other procedures. By the end of the period under consideration, 40 patients had died, 28 had been lost to follow‐up, 83 patients were still alive and of these 76 were analysed. Continence function and quality of life with emphasis on overall bowel function (Wexner (WS)‐, Jostarndt (JS)‐, Öresland (ÖS)‐ and Pemberton (PS)‐scores) were recorded in 59 patients (22 IRA and 37 IAP). Results Continence and bowel function were significantly better after IRA than after IPAA (mean scores: WS, 1.1 vs 5.4, P = 0.001; JS, 32.5 vs 24.7, P = 0.0001; ÖS, 2.9 vs 7.9, P = 0.0001), as was quality of life (PS, 25.6 vs 19.6, P = 0.001). The mean values for each single item of all 4 scores were consistently better after IRA. Neither gender, age nor type of pouch‐anal anastomosis (stapled vs hand‐sewn) had a significant influence on outcome. IPAA patients with uneventful follow‐up (n = 27) had better mean values for all 4 scores (WS, 4.2 vs 7.3; JS, 26.1 vs 23.1; PS, 20.4 vs 17.7; ÖS, 6.6 vs 9.9) than those with postoperative complications (n = 10; 27%), but statistical significance was reached only in the ÖS (P = 0.026). No such difference was seen after IRA (14% complication rate). Conclusion The significantly better continence after IRA resulting in superior patient comfort and quality of life must be balanced against the oncological disadvantage of this procedure. On the basis of large patient population studies, genotype‐phenotype correlations with respect to the risk for rectal cancer may need to be taken into account. Postoperative complications may have a lasting negative effect on outcome after IPAA.     

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??Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: An analysis of clinical outcomes in 38 patients GONG Jian-feng, WEI Yao, GU Li-li, et al. Department of General Surgery, the General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
Corresponding author: ZHU Wei-ming, E-mail: juwiming@126.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The clinical data of 38 patients undergoing laparoscopic IPAA in Department of General Surgery, the General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command of PLA from January 2014 to September 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and technical notes were summarized. Results Laparoscopic IPAA was performed in 34 patients with two-stage surgery , 4 patients with three-stage surgery, and 2 patients had conversion. Twenty-two patients had acute severe UC with intravenous steroid or salvage therapy failure. Median operation time was 340 (210—470) min. Two fistulas occurred after surgery, one at pouch-anal anastomosis and one at the tip of the pouch. Both were successfully treated non-operatively. Defecation frequency 3 months after surgery was 4.75 ± 1.24 times per day. The mean Cleveland Global Quality of Life was 0.85 ± 0.08. Conclusion Laparoscopic IPAA for UC is safe and feasible, and postoperative defecation and quality of life are satisfactory. A two-stage surgery is suitable for selected patients with acute severe UC.     

Functional outcome after colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis compared with proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in familial adenomatous polyposis

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term functional results of ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) with those of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In patients with FAP, hundreds of colorectal adenomas develop, and the patient will die of colorectal cancer if left untreated. The surgeon must choose between colectomy with IRA and restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA. One factor crucial to decision making is the functional outcome after either procedure. To date, studies on this issue have reported conflicting results and have been based on small series of patients. METHODS: To assess various functional variables, a questionnaire was sent to 323 patients with FAP who underwent either IRA or IPAA and who were registered at the Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumors. The overall response rate was 86%; the responders comprised 161 patients who underwent IRA and 118 patients who underwent IPAA. RESULTS: Patients who underwent IRA scored significantly better for daytime and nighttime stool frequency, soiling, occasional passive incontinence, flatus and feces discrimination, stool consistency, and need for antidiarrheal medication. There was no difference with regard to perianal irritation, episodes of bowel discomfort, or dietary restrictions. The functional results according to the aggregate score of the Gastro-Intestinal Functional Outcome Scale, where the items specified above were integrated (0 indicating a poor and 100 a good overall function), were significantly better in patients with an IRA (74.5) than in patients with an IPAA (66.0) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The functional outcome after IRA is significantly better than after IPAA. On the basis of these results, IRA might still be considered in patients with a mild phenotypic expression of the disease in the rectum.