Open reduction and 3-dimensional ulnar osteotomy for chronic radial head dislocation using a computer-generated template: case report

We report a case of a radial head dislocation that was successfully treated 8 years after the initial injury, by open reduction of the radial head and 3-dimensional ulnar osteotomy, using a computer-generated template based on preoperative 3-dimensional computer simulation.     

Open reduction and varus-detorsion osteotomy with femoral shortening in treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip

In this study, we clinically and radiographically evaluated open reduction with shortening of the femur in children more than 1 year old with refractory congenital dislocation of the hip. In 19 children (aged 1–4 years), 22 joints were operated on. The patients were followed-up for an average of 8.7 years (range, 2–13 years). Functional results were satisfactory in all joints, and differences in limb length were not significant. Radiographically, good results (grades I and II) were obtained in 16 of the 22 joints, according to Severin's criteria. This surgical procedure may be indispensable for treating refractory congenital dislocation of the hip in children over 1 year old. Received for publication on May 2, 1997; accepted June 3, 1998     

儿童创伤性孤立性桡骨头脱位伴环状韧带损伤修复重建的研究进展

目的对儿童创伤性孤立性桡骨头脱位伴环状韧带损伤修复重建方法的研究进展作一综述。方法查阅近年有关儿童创伤性孤立性桡骨头脱位伴环状韧带损伤的相关文献,并进行总结。结果对于儿童创伤性孤立性桡骨头脱位合并环状韧带损伤以积极手术治疗为主,主要术式为切开复位、重建环状韧带术。韧带重建材料多选用肱三头肌肌腱,主要因为此手术创伤小,在同一切口即可取材,缩短了手术时间;肌腱膜坚韧厚实,固定牢靠,再脱位几率低。人工肌腱因取材简便,固定牢靠,能避免因切取自体重建材料引起的手术创伤而日渐受到重视。结论目前对于环状韧带重建主张积极手术治疗,韧带重建材料多选用肱三头肌肌腱,人工材料是研究趋势。     

Double ulnar osteomy for the treatment of congenital radial head dislocation

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effects of our double osteotomy technique in the treatment of congenital radial head dislocation (CRHD).MethodsA total 14 children (14 elbows; 71.42% male; mean age: 9.31 ± 3.06 years) with CRHD who underwent double osteotomy of the proximal ulna between April 2010 and June 2015 were included in the study. The patients with CRHD were identified according to medical history, plain radiographs or magnetic resonance imagings. The outcomes were evaluated through comparison of the preoperative and postoperative motion range of elbow and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS).ResultsAfter a follow-up of 13–35 months (22.29 ± 5.80), compared with pre-operation, the flexion (132.14 ± 3.23° vs 123.21 ± 7.75°, P = 0.003), extension (8.21 ± 4.21° vs 1.07 ± 3.50°, P = 0.003), and pronation of elbow (83.21 ± 4.21° vs 80.36 ± 4.14°, P = 0.011) improved significantly in all patients. Furthermore, the carrying angle was recovered to the normal level (5–15°) in all of these patients (18.57 ± 5.69° vs 8.21 ± 2.49°, P = 0.001). MEPS score was significantly increased postoperatively (96.79 ± 2.49 vs. 90.71 ± 1.82, P = 0.000), with the good outcome in CRHD patients.ConclusionThe results of our study suggested that this double osteotomy on the proximal ulna might be an effective method for the treatment of CRHD.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Therapeutic Study.     

肘关节后脱位伴桡骨头和尺骨冠突骨折 (恐怖三联征)5例初步报告

[目的]介绍"肘关节恐怖三联征"的概念(肘关节后脱位同时伴有桡骨头和尺骨冠突骨折),并报告5例患者的临床治疗体会。[方法]自2004年4月～2007年3月,作者共收治肘关节三联征损伤5例。桡骨头骨折按Mason法分类:Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型1例;按Schatzker法分类:Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型1例。尺骨冠突骨折按Regan-Morrey法分类:Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型4例;按O′Driscoll法分类:5例均为Ⅰ型。4例采取了手术内固定治疗,以3 mm钛空心拉力螺钉或1 mm K针分别固定冠突和桡骨头,并缝合修复肘内外侧副韧带。术后屈肘90°前臂旋转中立位石膏外固定3周,开始屈伸和旋转康复训练。[结果]4例手术治疗的患者经3个月～3年随访,骨折愈合,肘关节稳定,无疼痛。肘关节屈伸幅度平均120°,前臂旋转幅度平均110°。3例随访1年以上,Mayo肘关节功能评分:优2例,良1例。未手术治疗的1例功能评定为差,有肘关节不稳定和疼痛。[结论]肘关节恐怖三联征的骨折片虽然很小,但伴有肘内外侧副韧带撕裂,肘关节严重不稳定。只有在重建了骨关节和软组织结构稳定的基础上,及早(3周内)进行康复锻炼,才能获得较好的功能恢复。     

尺骨近端截骨治疗少年陈旧性单纯桡骨头脱位

目的评估采用尺骨近端截骨治疗少年陈旧性单纯桡骨头脱位的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究了采用尺骨近端截骨治疗陈旧性单纯桡骨头脱位的6例患者,手术时的年龄从7～12岁,从受伤到接受手术治疗的时间间隔为6个月～4年,平均为[(19．3±16．5)个月,x±s,下同],其中2例患者同时缝合了环状韧带,1例患者进行了桡侧侧副韧带的重建。重点分析了术后功能恢复情况和术前、术后的影像学改变。结果本组6例术后随访时间平均为(16．5±8．7)个月。所有患者截骨部位均达骨性愈合,无异位骨化或其他较为严重的并发症,也无肘关节疼痛和桡骨头再脱位。肘关节屈伸活动度为(140．0±7．1)°,前臂旋转活动度为(129．0±18．4)°,患侧握力占健侧握力的百分比为(96．9±3．5)％。术后影像学提示随着随访时间的延长,尺骨的再塑形非常明显,表现为截骨所致的向后成角逐渐圆滑,最终成角消失,以及损伤所致的“尺骨弓征”逐渐纠正。结论对于少年陈旧性单纯桡骨头脱位如果无明显桡骨头畸形,采用尺骨近端截骨治疗可以取得较为满意的疗效。     

切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨头骨折

目的 探讨切开复位钢板内固定治疗桡骨头骨折的临床效果.方法 将41例MasonⅢ、Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折患者按照治疗方式的不同分为对照组(采用桡骨头置换术治疗,20例)和观察组(采用钢板内固定术治疗,21例).比较两组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、疼痛VAS评分、Mayo评分及优良率、肘关节活动度.结果 患者均获得...     

Open reduction for congenital dislocation of the hip: comparison of the long-term results of the wide exposure method and Ludloff's method

We compared the long-term clinical and radiographic results of two methods of open reduction for congenital dislocation of the hip; a wide exposure method (360-degree circumferential capsulotomy) versus Ludloff's method (limited capsulotomy via the medial approach). Thirty-one hips in 24 patients assigned to group A received the wide exposure method and 32 hips in 27 patients assigned to group B had the Ludloff reduction. All patients were surgically reduced at less than 3 years of age. The follow-up averaged 16 years. None of the hips in group A required additional operations; however, 34.4% of the hips in group B did. At the latest review, 26 (83.9%) of the hips in group A were rated as Severin class I or II. Except for one patient, none had pain or a limp. Of the hips in group B, 18 (56.3%) were rated as Severin class I or II. Three patients had pain or Trendelenburg gait. Avascular necrosis occurred in 3.2% of hips in group A and in 21.9% of hips in group B. The wide exposure method is capable of completely releasing the posterosuperior tightness resulting from capsular adhesion to the ilium and the contracted short external rotators. Releasing the posterosuperior tightness from these structures seemed to provide a better chance of achieving an anatomically and functionally satisfactory hip. Received for publication on April 9, 1998; accepted on April 20, 1999     

Congenital radial head dislocation with a progressive cubitus valgus: a case report

Congenital dislocation of the radial head is rare, although it is the most common congenital anomaly of the elbow. A concomitant progressive cubitus valgus of the elbow has not previously been described in literature. We describe a case of an 8-year-old girl with an unilateral congenital radial head dislocation with a progressive cubitus valgus of 35°, caused by a prematurely closing physis of the lateral humeral condyle. This might be caused by an increased pressure on the lateral physis by the anteriorly dislocated radial head. As no complaints or limitations were present, treatment was non-operative with clinical observation, with satisfactory results after a follow-up of 18 months. A concomitant progressive cubitus valgus can be present in patients with a congenital radial head dislocation. Non-operative treatment can provide satisfactory results.     

尺骨截骨及外固定架联合治疗儿童陈旧性桡骨小头前脱位

[目的]探讨儿童桡骨小头陈旧性脱位的手术方法。[方法]对13例陈旧性桡骨小头前脱位病人采用尺骨上段截骨及外固定支架固定、桡骨小头闭合或切开复位、但不修复环状韧带进行治疗,平均年龄5.5岁(2~11岁),从受伤到手术时间为4个月~5 a,平均19个月。所有病人均无桡神经损伤,无桡骨小头变形。[结果]术后平均随访时间14个月(2个月~3 a),所有桡骨小头均维持良好复位,12例病人术后关节活动较术前改善,或与术前一致;1例术后旋后功能较术前减小10°。1例术后浅部钉眼感染。[结论]利用外固定支架固定尺骨截骨端可调整到使桡骨小头在任意方向的稳定性,该方法具有手术简单、并发症少、术后关节功能恢复快等优点,是一种可推荐的治疗方法。     

Isolated radial shaft fracture with unreducable posterior dislocation of the radial head and rupture of the lateral collateral ligament: A case report

Combined injuries associated with forearm shaft fractures and elbow dislocations are well recognized. We describe an uncommon case of an isolated radial shaft fracture with an unreducable posterior dislocation of the radial head and associated rupture of the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow.     

Open reduction and corrective ulnar osteotomy for missed radial head dislocations in children

The treatment of chronic radial head dislocation remains controversial. Open reduction of the radial head in combination with correction of malalignment with ulnar osteotomy can be the key to a good surgical result. Between 2001 and 2006, 9 (6 female, 3 male, average age 8.4 (5-11) years) patients were treated surgically for chronic radial head dislocation by one surgeon. The time between trauma and surgery was 7 (1.5-14) months. The procedure consisted of open reduction of the dislocated radial head and reconstruction of the annular ligament in combination with an ulnar osteotomy. An upper arm cast was applied with the forearm in neutral rotation for six weeks. Plates were removed in all patients. Clinical and radiological evaluation took place preoperatively and after an average of 23 (10-49) months. At radiograph 8/9 showed a reduced radial head; in one an anterior subluxation was seen. The range of motion remained the same in 4 patients who had a full range of motion preoperatively. In 2/5 patients with loss of range of motion preoperatively, improvement was seen. There were no serious surgical complications beside one infection. Open reduction and corrective ulnar osteotomy shows good results for missed radial head dislocations in children.     

多功能动力复位装置治疗先天性髋脱位的临床研究

目的 采用多功能动力复位装置的治疗先天性髋脱位,对治疗后１０年的患者进行随访,探讨Ｘ线结果、临床功能与治疗方式之间的关系,找出解决不同年龄、不同脱位程度患儿的治疗方法及防止并发症出现的具体措施。方法 １３８例昨位时平均年龄为２２个月,其中５９髋单纯应用该装置复位固定,６４髋行内收肌、髂肌 切断后应用该装置 位成功,３５髋于Ｆｅｒｇｕｓｏｎ术后安装动力复位装置。结果 随访时平均年龄１１．８岁,平均随     

切开复位on-table技术重建并内固定治疗桡骨头粉碎骨折

目的探讨on-table技术复位重建内并固定治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用切开复位on-table技术重建并克氏针、螺钉钢板、内固定术治疗16例桡骨头粉碎骨折患者,评价肘关节功能。结果患者均获随访,时间12~18个月。骨折愈合,时间6~12个月。末次随访时肘关节活动范围:伸直0°~23°,屈曲86°~139°,旋前56°~72°,旋后36°~83°。按照Broberg-Morrey功能评价:优11例,良2例,可3例。结论切开复位on-table技术重建内固定治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折能取得较好的效果,是桡骨头切除或桡骨头置换之外的又一选择。     

Long-term results of open reduction for residual subluxation in congenital dislocation of the hip: A new open reduction method involving 360° circumferential capsulotomy

We report satisfactory results with a new operative treatment, conducted via an extensive anterolateral approach, involving 360 degree circumferential capsulotomy, for residual subluxation in congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH). Long-term radiographic results of this procedure (group A) were compared retrospectively with the results of partial capsulotomy (group B), which preserved the posteroinferior joint capsule. The mean center edge angle in group A (22.5°) was greater than that in group B (16.0°). Satisfactory results were achieved in 11 of 15 hips (73%) (Severin class I or II) in group A, and in 5 of 12 hips (42%) in group B. These results suggest that whole circumferential capsulotomy can remove obstacles to complete reduction, and that acetabular development can be expected in hips reduced by the procedure, without the performance of innominate osteotomy. We believe that our technique is a useful alternative for the treatment of residual subluxation in CDH.     

True congenital dislocation of shoulder: A case report and review of the literature

The dislocation of a shoulder joint in infancy is extremely rare and is usually the result of traumatic birth injuries, a sequel to brachial plexus injury, or a true congenital dislocation of shoulder. With more advanced obstetric care, the incidence of first two types has drastically decreased. We report a case of true congenital dislocation of shoulder, second of its kind, in a child who was delivered by cesarean section thereby negating any influence of trauma. We report the case because of its rarity, and review the available literature on this topic. We also discuss the management options when encountered with such a rare case scenario.     

Chronic posttraumatic anterior dislocation of the radial head in children: thirteen cases treated by open reduction, ulnar osteotomy, and annular ligament reconstruction through a Boyd incision

OBJECTIVE: To report the results of open reduction, ulnar osteotomy, and annular ligament reconstruction all through a Boyd incision for chronic radial head dislocations in children. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary pediatric orthopaedic care unit at a general hospital in Taichung, Taiwan. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: From 1986 to 2003, 13 children, aged 4 to 13 (mean, 8.3) years, who had a chronic traumatic anterior dislocation of the radial head were treated at our institute. These patients were seen at our hospital 2 to 36 (mean, 8.2) months after injury. INTERVENTION: Open reduction of the radial head, ulnar osteotomy, then rigid fixation with plate/screws, and annular ligament reconstruction with forearm fascia, all performed through a Boyd incision. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Forearm radiographs for reduction and osteotomy site union, physical examinations for elbow mobility, and Kim's elbow performance scores for overall elbow function. Evaluations were done at a special follow-up clinic for this study by a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon who was not involved in the patients' previous care. RESULTS: Patient follow-up averaged 7.8 (range, 1-16.9) years after surgery. Twelve of our cases had successful radial head reductions, satisfactory elbow mobility, and excellent functional outcome. One case had a redislocation, was retreated, and had a fair result. Other complications included 1 patient with transient posterior interosseous nerve palsy, and 1 delayed union of an ulnar osteotomy site, which healed without further intervention at 1 year with an excellent result. CONCLUSION: This surgical procedure provides a high success rate with a low level of complications for chronic radial head dislocations in children.     

The effect of the annular ligament on kinematics of the radial head

PURPOSE: There is evidence that the radial head translates during pronation and supination. This study measured radial head movement and the location of the pronation-supination axis of the forearm with and without the annular ligament. METHODS: Thirteen cadaveric arms were attached to a custom-built frame. Pronation and supination were achieved by actuation of the pronator teres and biceps tendons, respectively. Motion was captured by video cameras via marker arrays attached to the distal radius, distal ulna, humerus, and radial head. Three pronation-supination trials were performed with the annular ligament intact and the elbow positioned at 90 degrees . The sequence was repeated after transection of the annular ligament. RESULTS: The radial head traveled an average of 2.1 mm in the anteroposterior direction and 1.6 mm in the mediolateral direction during forearm rotation. After annular ligament resection, travel of the radial head increased by an average of 44% in the mediolateral direction and by 24% in the anteroposterior direction. On average, the mean pronation-supination axis (screw displacement axis) passed 1.4 mm +/- 1.9 medial to the center of the capitellum and through the center of the ulnar head. Loss of the annular ligament did not change the location of the pronation-supination axis. CONCLUSIONS: During forearm rotation, the radial head travels to a greater extent in the anteroposterior direction than in the mediolateral direction. Loss of the stabilizing effect of the annular ligament increases the travel mediolaterally more than anteroposteriorly. The pronation-supination axis of the forearm is nearly constant and is not affected by annular ligament transection.