胰腺癌和慢性胰腺炎胰胆管扩张的磁共振胆胰管成像分析

目的 比较胰腺癌和慢性胰腺炎胰胆管扩张的异同.方法 回顾性分析28例胰腺癌和42例慢性胰腺炎的磁共振胆胰管成像资料.每例均口服钆喷酸葡胺(Gd-DTPA)稀释液后分别行常规MR平扫和MRCP扫描.结果 胰腺癌组的磁共振胆胰管成像主要特征包括:(1)胰管扩张多呈平滑状,且在肿块区截断(16例,占72.7%);(2)扩张的胆总管多呈突然截断(18例,占90%),部分见肝内外胆管均扩张(12例,占42.8%);(3)"双管征"(19例,占86.5%).慢性胰腺炎组的磁共振胆胰管成像主要特征:(1)胰管粗细不均的不规则扩张,且贯通病变区(20例,占60.6%);(2)肝内胆管少见扩张,胆总管扩张逐渐变细(8例,占80%);(3)部分可见胰胆管结石(5例,占11.9%)、胰腺假性囊肿(21例,占50%)形成.结论 胰胆管扩张的不同磁共振胆胰管成像表现对鉴别胰腺癌和慢性胰腺炎有诊断价值.     

逆行胆管造影在胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎鉴别诊断中的价值

本文对确诊的３９例慢性胰腺炎和３５例胰腺癌的内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）表现进行了对比分析。胰管或胆总管胰腺段狭窄，在这两种疾病中的发生率虽有差别但不明显，敌对二者的鉴别意义不大。胰管及其分支不规则扩张绝大多数见于慢性胰腺炎；而胰管或胆总管胰腺段完全性梗阻，尤其是截断状阻塞绝大多数见于胰腺癌。此两种表现对慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

螺旋CT在胰腺癌早期诊断中的价值

目的：探讨胰胆管扩张对胰腺癌早期诊断的重要意义。方法：通过螺旋CT扫描，有效利用对比剂增强作用，利于病灶检出率高达94%。结果：胰腺癌32例中（1）胰管扩张14例，占43.7%;(2)胆总管扩张17例，占53.1%(并突然截断），部分伴有肝内，外胆管扩张16例；（3）双管征13例，占40.6%。结论：胰腺与胰管比例失调，胰胆管扩张CT表现的形态特征对早期诊断胰腺癌有较高的价值。     

胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎MRI诊断临床应用价值的研究

目的 通过胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎MRI诊断与鉴别诊断的回顾性研究,为探讨MRI对胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎诊断的准确性及其临床应用价值.方法 对32例胰腺癌,25例慢性胰腺炎进行MRI检查,对MRI征象进行观测,统计与分析.检查方法包括平扫T1WI,T2WI,MRCP,动态增强前后的脂肪抑制T1WI.结果 二者诊断与鉴别诊断的主要征象是:①病变区胰腺局限或弥漫肿大与信号异常;②有无扩张的胆总管突然性狭窄截断与胰周大血管包埋、管径增粗、癌栓、腹部淋巴结肿大、肝转移;③胰腺囊肿的发生频率、部位,与胰腺轮廓的关系;④有无扩张胰管,扩张胰管的形态与贯穿病变区的情况,有无沿胰管走向分布的钙化(结合CT).结论 由于MRI无辐射及新的实用技术(MRCP,动态增强扫描及细胞特异性对比剂等)的应用,使MRI成为胰腺疾病重要的检查手段,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌临床CT影像研究

目的:研究慢性胰腺炎与胰腺癌临床CT直接与间接征象.方法:将该院确诊为41例的胰腺癌患者与41例慢性胰腺炎患者,作为本次研究对象,对比两组CT间接与直接征象的影像资料.结果:①胰腺癌CT征象:其中间接征象表现为累及胰周血管脂肪、突然中断胆总管扩张现象、转移;直接征象表现为密度分布杂乱、病变区域呈肿大、胰管远端扩张均匀.②慢性胰腺炎CT征象:其中间接征象表现为逐步中断胆总管扩大现象、腹腔内部存在粘连、肾前筋膜过厚;直接征象表现为胰腺钙化、清楚可见病变区域的边缘、存在假性的胰腺囊肿、胰管全长有不规则扩张.结论:经过临床CT影像资料分析,发现胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎的征象各有不同,临床诊断此类疾病过程中,需要详细观察患者临床表现,并与其相结合进行全方位考虑.     

胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎的CT鉴别诊断

为提高对胰腺疾病的CT诊断水平，根据被证实的25例胰腺癌及20例胰腺炎的CT资料，对CT征象进行观测、统计、分析。结果发现二者诊断与鉴别诊断的主要征象是：①病变区胰腺局限或弥漫肿大与密度异常。癌炎两组对比，病变区体积增大，癌组明显高于炎组。病变区密度液化坏死灶密度、低与等混杂密度，尤其是液化坏死的频率，炎组明显低于癌组；②有无扩张的胆总管突然性狭窄截断与胰周大血管被包埋，管径增粗，癌栓、腹部淋巴结肿大、肝转移。癌组中90％有肝内外胆总管扩张与扩张的突然截断征象，而炎组中扩张的胆总管逐渐变细中断，无突然截断征象；③有无沿胰管走向分布的钙化与扩张的胰管，扩张胰管贯通病变区的情况。癌组扩张的胰管与病变区阻塞，而炎组扩张的胰管贯通病变。弥漫、分散、沿胰管走向分布的钙化具有特征性，是慢性胰腺炎的重要诊断依据；④胰腺囊肿的发生率，部位与胰腺轮廓的关系。癌炎两组对照，癌组假性囊肿的发生率明显低于炎组。我们采用GE prospeed AI型螺旋CT扫描机。全部病例均进行了平扫与团注增强扫描，层厚5mm，床移速度5mm／s。胰腺癌与慢性胰腺炎是胰腺疾病中最多见的二种疾病，它们的CT表现比较复杂，但只要抓住炎癌两组对照中前述要点及征象，参考其他征象，密切结合临床，进行诊断和鉴别诊断，CT诊断正确率达90％以上。     

胰胆管扩张的CT表现对胰腺癌和慢性胰腺炎的诊断价值

胰腺癌重要的生物学特征之一为肿瘤围绕胰腺主导管和 /或胆总管呈浸润性生长 ,即所谓的围管性浸润 ,从而导致胰酶排泄障碍 ,患者临床上出现消化不良的相关症状 ,如果肿瘤在胰头 ,则又出现相应胆汁障碍以及黄疸等 ,严重影响患者体质及预后。本文回顾分析我院经 CT诊断并手术、病理证实为胰腺癌 4 0例 ,以及根据临床特征、实验室资料及追踪观察诊断为慢性胰腺炎 36例 ,观察胰胆管 CT表现 ,分析其间的差异 ,以提高诊断水平1　材料与方法　　收集 1 997～ 2 0 0 3年 4月经手术、病理证实的胰腺癌 4 0例。男性 2 7例 ,女性 1 3例 ,年龄 2 6～ 6…     

磁共振胰胆管成像对胰头癌与胰头炎性肿块的诊断价值

目的研究MRCP对胰头癌与胰头炎性肿块的诊断价值。方法分析30例胰头癌与30例胰头炎性肿块患者的MRCP表现。结果胰头癌组的MRCP特征包括：胰管扩张（83.3%）,病灶处截断（86.7%）,远端胰管呈光滑均匀扩张（70%）;胆管扩张（83.3%）,胰头处截断（70%）;肝内胆管扩张（80%）,软藤征（36.7%）;不相交征（83.3%）;双管征（46.7%）,四管征（36.7%）。胰头部炎性肿块组的MRCP特征包括：胰管扩张（60%）,病灶处胰管穿通（86.7%）,远端胰管串珠样扩张（56.7%）;胆管扩张（40%）,病灶处逐渐变细或正常;肝内胆管扩张（36.7%）,枯树枝征（36.7%）;胰管结石（46.7%）及假囊肿（30%）。结论胰头癌与胰头部炎性肿块的MRCP表现有一定特征,认识这些征象对两者的鉴别诊断有一定帮助。     

胰腺疾病的超声内镜声像图特征

目的：探讨胰腺疾病超声内镜（ＥＵＳ）声像图特征。方法：对５０例胰腺癌及３０例慢性胰腺炎进行ＥＵＳ检查，结果与病理检查作对比。结果：（１）胰腺癌局限性肿大占９２．０％，边缘隆起占８０．０％，病灶呈低回声占８０．０％，高回声占８．０％，混合回声１２．０％。（２）６２．０％的胰腺癌有胰管扩张，６４．０％有胆管扩张，５６．０％有淋巴结转移。（３）慢性胰腺炎胰腺实质回声均匀型占１３．３％，轻度不均匀型占２３     

胰头肿块型胰腺炎的CT诊断价值

目的:探讨胰头肿块型胰腺炎的CT征象特征,提高影像学诊断胰头肿块型慢性胰腺炎的水平。方法:回顾性分析我院2003年3月-2011年3月经病理证实的28例胰头肿块型胰腺炎的CT资料。采用SIMENS16排螺旋CT,平扫及增强,层厚及层距均为6mm。结果:28例中26例位于胰头部,2例位于胰体部。18例肿块密度均匀,增强一致。6例可见钙化;胰管扩张18例,15例轻度,12例不规则扩张,8例穿过肿块;13例合并胆总管炎,5例胆总管内可见结石;肝外胆管扩张19例,16例轻度;肾前筋膜增厚12例;胰前脂肪层模糊6例。结论:胰头肿块型胰腺炎具有较可靠的CT征象,CT能对大多数的肿块型胰腺炎作出较准确的诊断。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.