胃部分隔断及Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合术治疗胃出口梗阻一例

患者,女,54岁.以上腹部隐痛4个月,恶心、呕吐20 d入院.胃镜检查提示胃腔内残余食物,幽门部不规则隆起,表面有溃疡,胃腔狭窄,胃镜不能通过.病理检查提示胃低分化腺癌.CT提示胃幽门部癌,向周围浸润,见图1. 手术探查胃幽门部有1个5 cm×5 cm×4 cm肿块,侵及邻近组织,无法切除.沿结肠切除大网膜,切断胃网膜右血管及分支,裸化胃窦、体部大弯.距肿瘤上缘5 cm处置切割闭合器,其近端置Kocher肠钳,二者均垂直于胃大弯,尖端并拢并距胃小弯3 cm,击发切割闭合器后,于闭合器与Kocher肠钳之间切开胃壁.距屈氏韧带20 cm处切开肠系膜,切断空肠,距近端空肠断端3 cm处荷包缝合,切开肠壁,置入29号一次性吻合器抵钉座,收紧荷包打结固定.松开Kocher肠钳,自近端胃残端置入吻合器柄,尖端自胃后壁近胃大弯处穿出,与抵钉座联接、旋紧、击发完成吻合,将空肠残端以及近端胃残端以切割闭合器关闭.距胃空肠吻合口30 cm处行空肠输入、输出襻端侧吻合,见图2.     

腹腔镜远端胃癌切除胃空肠Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合术

远端胃切除和淋巴结清扫结束后,进行腹腔镜消化道重建。首先提起横结肠,寻及Treiz韧带,提起距之约25 cm处的空肠,经系膜无血管区带线标记并待提出。沿观察孔切口绕脐向上延切口长约3~4 cm,自此切口取出标本。将标记小肠牵引线连同近端空肠自切口拖出,确认远近端后,距牵引线标记近端8 cm与远端40 cm处空肠行侧侧吻合,于标记线处用闭合器(无刀片)闭合肠管但不予以切断。最后将肠管还入腹腔,关闭腹部切口后,重新建立气腹。在闭合处远端2 cm使用直线切割缝合器行空肠残胃侧侧吻合,并关闭共同开口。     

胃大部切除术后胰十二指肠切除的消化道重建

本文介绍不切除原胃肠吻合的消化道重建方法。于输入空肠袢5cm,输出袢约10cm处横断,按常规切除胰十二指肠,将远端空肠与胰,胆总管按childs法重建,距吻合口40cm处空肠横断,保留血运,然后近端对输入,远端对输出袢吻合。     

腹腔镜下减黄的两步法胰十二指肠切除术一例

患者,女,58岁,以"无痛性黄疸伴上腹部闷胀不适10d"入院.查体:皮肤巩膜明显黄染.血胆红素206.6mmol/L,直接胆红素187.1 mmol/L,MRCP及腹部CT提示胰头占位性病变.术前诊断:胰头癌.患者于2011年2月12日在全麻下行腹腔镜减黄术.术中见肝脏淤胆严重,呈绿褐色.胆囊增大约15 cm ×8 cm ×6 cm.设计手术方案.找到回盲部的回肠末端,逆行向近端约40 cm处切断回肠再继续向近端40 cm切断回肠,游离并保持回肠袢的血运,将此段回肠顺蠕动方式分别与胆囊和距Treiz韧带下约60 cm的空肠行侧侧吻合.切断肠管与吻合均采用腔镜下切割闭合器完成,残口用腔镜下持针器连续双层缝合.两断端空肠经扩大脐孔切口牵出行侧侧吻合,腹腔镜检查各吻合口无扭曲,无出血和渗漏,冲洗腹腔,置引流管经腹壁戳孔引出.     

一种新型的完全腹腔镜下胃癌D2根治术后消化道重建方式

目的探讨一种新型的完全腹腔镜下食管．空肠消化道重建方式在胃癌根治术中的应用。方法常规腹腔镜下淋巴结清扫并完全游离食管后,于远端食管近食管胃交界处用超声刀打开一长约2．5cm的小孔,置入一次性吻合器底钉座,用切割缝合型闭合器切断并闭合食管。在距离Treitz韧带15cm处分离并离断空肠,远端空肠提至食管底钉座处,在空肠远端食管置入吻合器,行食管空肠吻合。再用直线切割闭合器闭合远端空肠断端,并加强缝合食管与空肠之间的吻合口。最后,空肠近端断端与距离食管-空肠吻合口处以下55cm处的空肠行空肠-空肠端侧吻合。结果患者成功实施完全腹腔下胃癌根治术,术后未发生并发症或中转开腹,手术时间230min,出血150ml,术后无反流、吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄等严重并发症发生,患者恢复良好。结论完全腹腔镜下新型的消化道重建方式安全可行。     

完全腹腔镜进展期远端胃癌根治术并改良Roux－en－Y吻合

常规5孔法操作,根据D2淋巴结清扫原则进行胃周淋巴结清扫并解剖离断相应血管。直线切割缝合器离断十二指肠,预切除线处离断胃体。标本装入自制标本保护套。距Treitz韧带15 cm处直线切割闭合器离断空肠,将远端小肠与残胃大弯侧行胃空肠侧侧吻合。沿脐旁做弧形绕脐切口约2～3 cm,将标本取出,并提起近端空肠与远端小肠体外完成端侧吻合。术中失血30 ml,手术时间150 min。     

完全腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术治疗近端胃癌30例

探讨完全腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术治疗近端胃癌临床疗效。2014年3月—2016年2月对30例近端胃癌患者行完全腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术,常规淋巴结清扫,直线切割闭合器离断胃食管、胃十二指肠并行食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,手工缝合吻合口共同开口。30例手术均顺利完成,手术时间160～250 min,岀血200～400 mL,清扫淋巴结11～30枚。术后无出血、无吻合口狭窄及十二指肠残端漏,2例发生吻合口瘘,保守治疗痊愈。完全腹腔镜下根治性全胃切除术治疗近端胃癌,应用直线切割闭合器行消化道重建,手工缝合吻合口共同开口,可减小腹部辅助切口,减轻患者痛苦,安全可行,近期疗效满意。     

完全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术

患者全身麻醉,5孔法建立气腹。探查:无腹水,胃壁未见肿瘤外侵,胃周淋巴结稍肿大,未见腹盆腔种植转移,行完全腹腔镜下根治性远端胃大部分切除术(D2淋巴结清扫,毕II式+Braun吻合)。手术路线:切开肝胃韧带,沿右侧膈角表面打开,显露贲门右侧;打开胃结肠韧带,进入胃、结肠系膜融合间隙,游离并离断胃网膜右血管,清扫No.6组淋巴结;离断十二指肠;清扫胰腺上区淋巴结,顺序是:No.5、12a、8a、11p、7、9;随后清扫No.1、3、4sb、4d组淋巴结;离断远端胃,标本于脐周约3.5 cm小切口取出;取屈氏韧带以远40 cm处空肠,与残胃行侧侧吻合(毕II式吻合),距胃肠吻合口25 cm处,行输入袢、输出袢侧侧吻合(Braun吻合)。所有操作均在腹腔镜下完成。     

全腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术

34岁女性胃体腺癌患者,拟行全腹腔镜根治性全胃切除术。患者取平仰卧位,主刀位于患者左侧。腹腔镜下探查肿瘤位于胃体,无腹腔种植转移。游离大网膜及横结肠系膜前叶,向左达脾下极,向右达结肠肝曲。继续游离、夹闭、离断胃左右动静脉、胃网膜左右动静脉、胃短动脉、胃后动脉,清扫NO.1～NO.11,NO.12a,NO.12p,NO.14v组淋巴结。幽门远端3 cm离断十二指肠。腔镜下游离小肠系膜,距屈氏韧带20cm处切割闭合离断空肠,远端上提,使用overlap技术完成食道空肠的侧侧吻合,连续缝合关闭共同开口。据此吻合口远端40 cm处行近端空肠远端空肠的侧侧吻合,连续缝合关闭共同开口。检查吻合口对合良好。冲洗术野,腹腔镜下放置腹腔引流管。     

保留贲门空肠双口端侧吻合术

胃癌根治术后消化道代胃重建方法很多,但都各有其利弊。笔者近年来对5例胃癌病人采用保留贲门的超亚全胃切除,空肠双口端侧吻合代胃术,切除胃体约95%以上,取得满意效果。操作方法1.上腹正中切口,为有利于胃底贲门的操作,必要时将剑突切除。2.扩大游离胃体,彻底清扫淋巴结。3.距贲门2～4cm 切除全部胃体,缝闭十二指肠残端。4.距屈氏韧带8cm 切断空肠,肠系膜做适当游离。空肠远端自身做双口端侧,侧侧吻合,侧侧吻合口2～3cm 即可,胃与空肠做断端吻合;胃肠吻合口与空肠自身断侧吻合口均距侧侧吻合5～7cm。十二指肠远端与空肠做断侧吻合,该吻合口距空肠自身断侧吻合口8～10cm。手术完成及切除范围见图示。     

全腹腔镜全胃切除＋D2淋巴结清扫＋Orvil辅助食管空肠Roux－en－Y吻合术

食管空肠吻合采用OrVil腔内行食管空肠Roux－en－Y吻合,巡回护士将OrVil装置经口放入,引导胃管缓慢送到食道下端并到达食道切缘,主刀用超声刀锐性切开食道切缘正中暴露OrVil的引导胃管,用肠钳将OrVil引导胃管从食道残端的小孔内拉出,直到食道切缘的小孔卡住钉砧头,然后剪断OrVil与引导胃管之间的连接线,确定屈氏韧带,远端25 cm处直线切割闭合器离断空肠,残端包埋,结肠前上提远端。取上腹正中切口,长约4 cm,放置切口保护器,外套装7号手套,于手套拇指剪切口进管状吻合器,重新建立气腹行腹腔镜下食管空场吻合。     

一种勿需缝合的完全腹腔镜胃肠毕Ⅱ式吻合技术

目的探讨一种新的勿需缝合的完全腹腔镜下胃肠毕Ⅱ式吻合技术的安全性和可行性。方法2011年5．7月间第四军医大学西京消化病医院采用自行设计的吻合技术完成完全腹腔镜胃癌D2根治术12例。该术式采用环形吻合器行胃空肠吻合,再用切割闭合器于肠壁开口处行空肠输入袢或输出袢侧侧吻合,最后关闭肠壁开口。结果12例完全腹腔镜胃大部切除术均获成功,无中转开腹或中转腹腔镜辅助手术;手术时间（196．O±19．3）min,术中出血量（169．5±28．8）ml。切除淋巴结（25．1±3．3）枚,近端切缘和远端切缘分别为（8．8±2．4）cm和（6．9±5．5）cm。术后首次排气时间平均为（3．1±1．3）d,术后住院时间（4．5±1．9）d,住院期间内均未观察到明显并发症。结论该吻合技术操作简单、快捷,勿需镜下手工缝合．用于完全腹腔镜胃大部切除重建手术安全、可行。     

Total gastrectomy and oesophagojejunostomy with linear stapling devices

When performing total gastrectomy and oesophagojejunostomy with a circular stapling device two disadvantages are obvious; firstly, a purse-string suture is needed, and secondly the instrument can be extremely difficult to introduce if the oesophagus is narrow, so that the risk of rupture is substantial. We therefore developed the following technique. When the specimen is attached only to the oesophagus, and the Roux-en-Y loop has already been divided with a linear stapling device, a small incision is made on the back wall of the oesophagus and antimesenterically 6 cm distal to the cut end of the Roux-en-Y loop. The two forks of the GIA or the PLC 50 instrument are introduced into the oesophagus and jejunum, and the two organs are brought together at the hiatus. The instrument is closed and fired. The residual opening is closed with a linear stapler which also includes the front wall of the oesophagus. With a knife, the oesophagus and excessive amounts of tissue are trimmed away, and the oesophagojejunostomy is completed. Fifteen patients (median age 67 years) had a postoperative hospital stay of 10 days (range 8-45 days) after this operation. Leakage occurred in one patient and one patient died. The anastomosis took 12 min to perform (range 8-20 min). Three reoperations were needed: intestinal obstruction, leakage and a negative exploration. The median width of the oesophagojejunal anastomosis 6 months after operation was 32 mm (range 27-40 mm). Oesophagojejunostomy performed with two linear staplers allows a quick and reliable anastomosis independent of oesophageal lumen size and a time-consuming purse-string suture.     

胃空肠“裤形吻合”在腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨胃空肠“裤形吻合”在腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治消化道重建中应用的安全性和可行性。方法2018年6~12月,采用胃空肠裤形吻合完成腹腔镜远端胃癌根治后毕Ⅱ式消化道重建96例。腹腔镜下胃切除完成后,上腹正中做5~7 cm切口。在拟行胃空肠吻合前,用直线切割闭合器在空肠肠壁开口处行空肠输入输出襻侧侧吻合,用圆形吻合器吻合输入输出襻共同开口于残胃。结果96例手术均获成功,切口长度4.8~6.8 cm(平均5.3 cm),手术总时间125~235 min(平均155.8 min),消化道重建时间15~33 min(平均22 min),术中出血量20~200 ml(平均50 ml),术后排气时间3~5 d(平均3.5 d),进流食时间2~3 d(平均2.7 d),进半流食时间4~6 d(平均5.5 d),术后住院时间7~12 d(平均8.2 d)。围手术期无严重并发症。术后随访3~9个月(平均6个月),1例小肠梗阻,保守治疗,无其他并发症。结论胃空肠裤形吻合操作简单、快捷,不增加手术复杂度,用于腹腔镜远端胃癌根治毕Ⅱ式消化道重建安全、可行。     

Laparoscopic-assisted small bowel resection of a leiomyoma causing recurrent obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

A 62-year-old man experienced recurrent painless episodes of melenas and undiagnosed chronic anemia for 4 years. Despite extensive radiologic and endoscopic work-up, the origin of the bleeding could not be identified. At his last admission, visceral angiography revealed an area of hypervascularity at the initial portion of the jejunum, containing irregular, corkscrew vessels coming from the first jejunal branch of the superior mesenteric artery. Under general endotracheal anesthesia, a 10-mm trocar for the 30 degree laparoscope was inserted subumbilically using the open Hasson technique. Two 5-mm trocars were also used suprapubically and at the left iliac fossa. A 2.5 cm diameter, smooth, hypervascular tumor was easily visualized on the jejunal wall 10 cm from the ligament of Treitz. The small bowel segment was laparoscopically mobilized and brought through the subumbilical trocar site, which was extended 1 cm. A limited small bowel resection and a stapled anastomosis were easily performed extracorporeally. Histopathologic examination diagnosed a benign gastrointestinal tumor (gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyoma). The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2. Laparoscopic identification and mobilization allows a loop of small bowel to be exteriorized through a small incision; the anastomosis can be safely performed extracorporeally. The advantages of rapid postoperative recovery and reduced pain are evident.     

非气腹无腹壁辅助切口完全腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术35例

目的：探讨非气腹无腹壁辅助切口完全腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术的临床应用价值。方法2010年2月-2013年10月对35例直肠癌行非气腹无腹壁辅助切口完全腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术。在脐上做1．5-2．0 cm切口,置入腹腔镜后在脐下2 cm、耻骨上5 cm各平行横向置入钢针进行悬吊,用固定于手术床左侧的悬吊装置提拉腹壁,显露手术操作区域。将吻合器钉座自肛门利用引导丝置入肿瘤近侧结肠,自结肠壁戳孔引出吻合器钉座拉杆,腹腔镜下切割闭合器离断距离钉座3 cm结肠,远侧带瘤肠管内翻经肛门拖出、切除,残端缝合后还纳,自肛门插入吻合器杆,腹腔镜下行结直肠或结肠肛管吻合。结果35例手术均成功,无中转开腹。手术时间150-230 min,平均180 min;术中出血量40-110 ml,平均55 ml。术后30-50 h,平均48 h胃肠功能恢复。术后住院5-8 d,平均6 d。术后病理：高分化腺癌12例,中分化腺癌16例,低分化腺癌7例,远近切缘均无肿瘤残留。35例随访7-51个月,平均21个月,无明显排尿困难和性功能障碍,排便习惯正常,1-2次/d,28例CT、MRI检查无复发和转移,trocar口无肿瘤种植,无肠梗阻发生。结论非气腹无腹壁辅助切口完全腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术避免气腹对人体血流动力学的影响,无腹壁辅助切口,是一种安全、可行、经济的手术方法,值得临床推广。