钕-钇铝石榴石激光玻璃体松解术治疗人工晶状体植入术后前部玻璃体混浊

目的 观察钕-钇铝石榴石(neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet,Nd:YAG)激光玻璃体松解术对人工晶状体植入手术后前部玻璃体混浊的治疗效果。 方法 对裂隙灯显微镜联合光相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography, OCT）和B型超声检查确诊的人工晶状体植入手术后前部玻璃体混浊患者47例49只眼，采用Nd:YAG激光行晶状体后囊切开的同时进行前部玻璃体切开及松解，观察激光治疗前后的视力变化、前部玻璃体混浊的改善情况以及治疗后的并发症。 结果 49只眼中，前部玻璃体混浊伴有晶状体后囊混浊46 只眼，晶状体后囊无明显混浊3只眼。Nd:YAG激光玻璃体松解术后视力均有改善,与术前比较差异有显著性的意义(t=3 2.50，P=0.007)。激光松解术后15 min前部混浊的玻璃体形成透明区者21只眼，占42.86% ；24 h内形成透明区者47只眼，占95.92%；2只眼在术后7 d透明区小于瞳孔接受了第2次激光治疗。全部患眼术中和术后无并发症发生。 结论 人工晶状体植入手术后视力缓慢下降的患者，除考虑有后发障外，还应注意是否有前部玻璃体混浊的存在。Nd:YAG激光晶状体后囊切开联合前部玻璃体松解是治疗人工晶状体植入手术后前部玻璃体混浊的有效方法。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：99-101）     

玻璃体切除术中切除晶状体保留前囊膜同时植入人工晶状体的疗效观察

目的:探讨玻璃体切除联合晶状体切除保留前囊膜同时植入人工晶状体的临床疗效。方法:玻璃体视网膜病变同时伴有晶状体混浊46例46眼,术中采用经睫状体平坦部切口切除晶状体,保留前囊膜,并行玻璃体切除,Ⅰ期植入人工晶状体。结果:所有患者视力均有不同程度提高,部分患者复查时前囊膜出现不同程度混浊,行YAG激光切开。结论:玻璃体切除联合晶状体切除保留前囊膜Ⅰ期植入人工晶状体,保留了眼内正常解剖结构,减少了术中及术后并发症,视力恢复良好。     

前部玻璃体切除在先天性白内障手术中的作用

目的探讨前部玻璃体切除在(2～7)岁儿童先天性白内障手术中的必要性。方法在66例108眼(2～7)岁儿童先天性白内障中施行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入,其中36例56眼联合后囊膜连续环形撕囊(A组),30例52眼联合后囊膜连续环形撕囊及前部玻璃体切除(B组),随访(6～60)m,观察记录两组视轴区混浊情况和其它并发症。结果在能够进行视力检查的54例90眼中,脱盲率为92.6%,脱残率为73.5%。视轴区混浊发生率两组间比较,A组为39.3%,B组为5.8%,B组明显低于A组(P<0.01)。A组中Nd:YAG激光后囊膜截开率为45.5%,二次手术切开率为22.7%;B组中,无一例患儿行Nd:YAG激光后囊膜截开,二次手术切开率为1.9%,两组后囊膜二次切开率比较具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。A组中7例9眼发生人工晶状体偏位,B组中未出现类似并发症。结论对于(2～7)岁儿童先天性白内障,在施行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入的同时,联合后囊膜连续环形撕囊及前部玻璃体切除能够安全有效地阻止视轴区的混浊。     

25G经结膜无缝合玻璃体切割术系统在先天性白内障中的应用

目的 评价25G经结膜无缝合玻璃体切割手术系统(TSV25G)治疗先天性白内障手术中应用的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析20例29只眼(2～12岁)行超声乳化白内障吸除、TSV25G晶状体后囊膜环形切开前部玻璃体切割和一期人工晶状体植入手术治疗的先天性白内障患者的临床资料.手术后随访2个月至1年,观察术后视力以及后囊膜混浊、虹膜粘连、人工晶状体偏位等术后并发症情况.结果 20例(29只眼)术后视力明显改善,表现为明显视物追踪,视力提高.无虹膜夹持、后囊膜混浊、虹膜后粘连、继发青光眼、人工晶体偏位、黄斑囊样水肿和视网膜脱离等并发症发生.结论 行TSV25G晶体后囊膜环形切开前部玻璃体切割手术应用于先天性白内障的手术治疗,具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,能有效抑制后发障发生,有助于视功能的恢复.     

Nd：YAG激光后囊切开的临床观察

目的总结Nd：YAG激光后囊切开的疗效及操作技巧。方法对各型白内障术后晶体后囊膜混浊76例（79眼）采用Nd：YAG激光切开混浊区。结果视力提高一行者73眼（90．40％，）脱盲率由63．29％提高至87．34％。主要并发症有：人工晶体损伤，玻璃体前界膜破裂，视网膜脱离等。结论Nd：YAG激光后囊切开疗效显著，熟练操作，聚焦精确，小能量多次击射是减少并发症的关键。     

前部玻璃体切除治疗复杂性眼前段外伤

目的探讨前部玻璃体切除治疗复杂性眼前段外伤的效果。方法回顾分析我院经前部玻璃体切除治疗的复杂性眼前段外伤42例（42眼）包括已1期缝合的眼球穿孔伤25眼，经巩膜隧道口切除前房内晶状体及玻璃体，植入人工晶状体23眼；钝挫伤性晶状体不全脱位13眼，其中继发青光眼5眼，前房内切除脱位的晶状体及玻璃体，Ⅱ期植入悬吊人工晶状体13眼；晶状体悬韧带部分断离伴玻璃体溢入前房并前房积血4眼，其中3眼继发青光眼，只行前房内积血和玻璃体切除，保留晶状体。结果眼球穿孔伤25眼，术后视力0．3以上21眼；晶状体不完全脱位13例，术后视力0．3以上9眼：玻璃体溢入前房及前房积血4眼，成功保留晶状体，术后视力均在0．3以上，术后无再出血，眼压控制。结论前部玻璃体切除术治疗眼前段外伤有较好的效果。     

保留晶体前囊的晶体玻璃体切除手术的临床观察

目的评估白内障合并玻璃体病变的联合手术治疗效果。方法对２０只眼白内障合并玻璃体混浊或炎症或异物病变,采用经平坦部保留晶体前囊晶体玻璃体切除手术治疗。术中１６只眼一期植入睫状沟部位人工晶体。结果经１２～３６个月随访,２０只眼中１８只眼视力得到提高,其中０．３～０．５者７只眼,０．５以上者１１只眼,最高者为１．２。１９只眼前囊保持透明,１只眼术后６个月发生混浊。结论该术式保留晶体前囊利于植入人工晶体,手术对眼前段组织损伤轻,术后晶体囊混浊发生率低,是治疗白内障合并玻璃体病变的一种较理想的手术。     

白内障超声乳化术三种人工晶状体植入疗效分析

目的 观察PMMA晶状体及三片式、单片式Acrysof晶状体植入后视力恢复、散光度、角膜内皮细胞密度变化、术后后囊膜混浊发生率及Nd：YAG激光切开率。方法 对PMMA晶状体组55只眼、三片式、单片式Acrysof晶状体各52只眼进行回顾性研究，将术后各期视力、散光度、角膜内皮细胞密度变化和后囊膜混浊发生率及激光切开率进行对比研究。结果 折叠式人工晶状体组比PMMA晶状体组视力恢复快。1月后三者间没有差异。角膜散光PMMA晶状体组6个月与术前无差异，折叠式人工晶状体组1个月与术前比较即无差异。术后角膜内皮细胞密度三组之间无差异。术后6月后囊膜混浊发生率及Nd：YAG激光后囊膜切开率，折叠式人工晶状体组与PMMA晶状体差异有显著意义。结论 三种不同人工晶状体植入后均可获得满意的效果，Acrysof晶状体术后后发障明显低于PMMA晶状体。     

双撕囊联合干性前部玻璃体切割治疗先天性白内障临床观察

目的：探讨先天性白内障超声乳化吸除联合干性前部玻璃体切割术预防后发性白内障的效果。 方法：对先天性白内障患者18例32眼采用超声乳化白内障吸除、环形撕除晶状体前后囊膜联合干性前部玻璃体切割术,其中10例16眼一期囊袋内植入折叠式人工晶状体。术后观察角膜、前房炎性反应和后囊膜透亮程度,随访6～24（平均15） mo。 结果：术后所有患者角膜清亮,前房反应轻微,大部分瞳孔圆形,视轴区清亮。3眼后囊膜切开区薄纱样混浊,4眼瞳孔轻度上移,3眼部分虹膜后粘连。 结论：干性前部玻璃体切割术可有效降低儿童后发性白内障发生率,维持视轴清亮,有助于患儿视功能恢复,是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

Nd:YAG激光治疗玻璃体混浊的疗效

目的：：观察钕-钇铝石榴石( Nd：YAG)激光治疗玻璃体混浊的效果。方法：对符合入选要求,飞蚊症状明显,经裂隙灯前置镜联合B型超声检查明确的玻璃体混浊患者35例35眼,采用Nd：YAG激光行玻璃体内混浊灶爆破粉碎,促进其吸收,观察激光治疗前后的视觉症状、视力变化、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜及B超下的改变以及治疗后的并发症。结果：患者35眼中,中、高度近视11眼。所有眼在 Nd：YAG激光治疗后2 h飞蚊症状均有改善;3眼(9％)在术后1d有效;11眼(31％)在术后7d有效;27眼(77％)在术后30 d有效;术后30 d有效率77％。2眼(6％)在术后7 d接受二次激光治疗。治疗后1、7d,低度近视与中高度近视两组患者疗效无统计学差异;治疗后30d,低度近视患者疗效优于中高度近视患者(P<0.01)。全部治疗眼术中和术后无并发症发生。结论：使用Nd：YAG激光粉碎玻璃体混浊灶,促进其吸收,能明显提高视觉质量,是治疗玻璃体混浊的有效方法,同时需要注意适应证的选择以降低治疗风险。     

不同方式治疗儿童后发性白内障的疗效观察

目的　通过对儿童后发性白内障使用不同方式治疗并分析治疗效果,优化儿童后发性白内障的治疗策略。方法　收集４１例（５９眼）后发性白内障患儿,根据后发性白内障的严重程度及患儿年龄分为３组,分别为ＹＡＧ激光治疗组（１９眼）、后囊增殖膜吸除联合后囊膜抛光治疗组（１４眼）和后囊膜切除联合前段玻璃体切割治疗组（２６眼）。３组治疗术后１ｄ、１周、１个月、６个月进行常规检查并进行比较。结果　术后１个月矫正视力较术前均有提高,术后６个月矫正视力较前提高０．１以上占８７．５０％,提高０．３以上占５２．５０％。术后１ｄ术眼均有轻度的结膜充血及前房反应,后囊膜切除联合前段玻璃体切割治疗组较ＹＡＧ激光治疗组和后囊增殖膜吸除联合后囊膜抛光治疗组炎症较重,未见明显玻璃体脱出于前房,ＹＡＧ激光治疗组发现人工晶状体损伤３眼。术后６个月复查,后发性白内障复发率ＹＡＧ激光治疗组为１０．５３％、后囊增殖膜吸除联合后囊膜抛光治疗组为２８．５７％、后囊膜切除联合前段玻璃体切割治疗组为３．８５％。结论　对于轻度后发性白内障能够配合的患儿早期可给予ＹＡＧ激光治疗。对于严重后发性白内障,应根据后发性白内障机化膜的程度及患儿年龄采用后囊增殖膜吸除联合后囊膜抛光治疗或是后囊膜切除联合前段玻璃体切割治疗。     

后囊膜混浊的Nd:YAG激光治疗

目的：探讨Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开的方法，疗效及并发症。方法：回顾性分析了108例112只眼用Nd:YAG激光切开混浊后囊膜的病例，并记录了视力，眼压的变化和并发症的发生情况，结果；所有病例都成功切开后囊膜，视力提高，裸眼平均视力由术前0.2增加到术后0.5，平均矫正视力达到0.7,30.3%的眼内人工晶状体出现激光损伤斑，无人工晶状体移位；眼压出现一过性升高；随访中发现2例视网膜脱离，结论：Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开操作容易，安全，疗效好，并发症少。     

Vitreous opacification after neodymium:YAG posterior capsulotomy.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical picture in eyes that developed vitreous opacification behind the intraocular lens (IOL) after neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy and determine whether this type of opacification tends to occur in patients with diabetes. SETTING: Shinjo Eye Clinic, Miyazaki, Japan. METHODS: The clinical course in 728 eyes that had Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy was reviewed. RESULTS: After Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy, opacification developed in the vitreous in contact with the IOL in 9 eyes (1.2%). All occurred in diabetic patients, and the vitreous opacification developed within 1 month after the capsulotomy. A vitrectomy was performed in 8 eyes and in 1, the opacification spontaneously absorbed. Vitreous opacification occurred in 8.9% of 101 eyes of diabetic patients, and the prevalence in diabetic eyes was significantly higher than in nondiabetic eyes (P < .0001). Nine of the diabetic eyes were opaque and 92 nonopaque. In the opaque eyes, the prevalence of panretinal photocoagulation was higher than in the nonopaque eyes (P = .013), and hemoglobin Alc (P = .030) was higher; the interval between cataract surgery and Nd:YAG capsulotomy was shorter (P = .047) and the final visual acuity, lower (P = .045). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of vitreous opacification after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was significantly higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic eyes. Viterectomy was effective for this type of opacification.     

Anterior hyaloid face opacification after pediatric Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the clarity of the visual axis after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy following cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens implantation in a pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all cases of cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens implantation over a period of 5 years. A group of children who had been treated by primary surgical posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy (Group 1) was used as the "gold standard," with whom the children treated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (Group 2) were compared. The groups were studied for the incidence of opacification of the visual axis after the primary procedure. RESULTS: Data on 78 eyes were reviewed, and 56 eyes met inclusion criteria. Of these, 33 eyes were treated with primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy (Group 1) and 23 eyes were treated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (Group 2). One eye (3%) of Group 1 experienced postoperative visual axis reopacification. Thirteen (57%) of 23 eyes in Group 2 experienced reopacification, requiring retreatment. Four eyes (17%) treated with Nd:YAG laser required a third treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, 57% of patients treated with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy experienced reopacification across the anterior hyaloid face. With the removal of the anterior vitreous at the time of cataract extraction, the scaffolding for cell migration is removed and reopacification of the visual axis is rarely seen. For patients in whom slit-lamp capsulotomy is not possible, especially if there is no Nd:YAG laser available for use in the operating room or when loss to follow-up may be an issue, primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy should be strongly considered.     

Refraction,intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth changes after Nd:YAG laser treatment for posterior capsular opacification in pseudophakic eyes

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the effect of Nd:YAG capsulotomy on refraction, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth changes and complications of Nd:YAG laser treatment for posterior capsular opacification in pseudophakic eyes. Methods: Our study includes 26 eyes (23 patients) with posterior capsular opacification after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Complete ocular examinations were performed for all patients. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth measurements were obtained in all examinations. Nd:YAG capsulotomy was measured in all patients. Eyes received one drop of aproclonidine 0.5 % before and immediately after YAG laser capsulotomy. Data were analysed statistically. Results: Mean patient age was 53.73 ± 13.53 years. Before Nd:YAG capsulotomy mean anterior chamber depth was 4.03 ± 0.58 mm and in the first day after capsulotomy the mean value was 4.02 ± 0.46 mm. Mean spherical equivalent refraction before laser treatment was ‐0.52 D and on the first day after laser treatment was ‐0.49 D. An improvement in visual acuity was achieved in all cases. Before Nd:YAG capsulotomy mean visual acuity was 0.38 ± 0.13 and on the first day after capsulotomy, the mean value was 0.93 ± 0.11, the difference of which was statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences between the anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure measurements before laser capsulotomy and on the first day, first month and third month after laser. Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is an effective and safe method of treatment of posterior capsular opacification.     

YAG激光后囊切开术治疗晚期囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障

目的：观察YAG激光后囊切开术治疗晚期囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障的疗效。

方法：对临床确诊为囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障的13例18眼患者行YAG激光后囊切开术,观察术后1,4,24h; 1,2wk的非矫正远视力、眼压、房水、玻璃体及主观症状的变化。

结果：YAG激光后囊切开术治疗囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障,可以提高患者非矫正远视力; 部分患者可出现前房内游走颗粒,但不引起炎症反应; 术后1,4,24h部分患者会引起一过性眼压升高,甚至需降眼压治疗,但术前术后眼压变化无统计学意义; 所有患者术后均出现玻璃体混浊加重,眼前漂浮影增多,但均在2wk内恢复。

结论：YAG激光后囊切开术治疗囊袋阻滞综合征伴后发性白内障,可以提高患者视力,但应严密观察患者眼压、前房内炎症反应等,及时给予处理。     

人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的手术

目的探讨巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切开术治疗人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的效果。方法32例(34眼)人工晶状体植入术后后发性白内障行巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切开术。平均随访18个月。结果全部术眼晶状体后囊中央均形成直径3.5~4mm的圆形透明区,后发性白内障切开术的成功率为100%;术中前房稳定,人工晶状体无损伤。术后能配合视力检查的患者最佳矫正视力均恢复至后发性白内障发生前的最佳水平;随访期间无切口渗漏、角膜水肿、瞳孔区玻璃体疝、人工晶状体损伤、视网膜脱离、高眼压或晶状体后囊膜切开区再次浑浊等并发症。结论巩膜隧道切口插管灌注经睫状体平坦部后囊切除术治疗人工晶状体植入术后的后发性白内障安全、有效。     

Nd：YAG激光治疗白内障术后不同类型后发性白内障

目的分析Nd：YAG激光行后囊膜切开术治疗白内障复明手术后不同类型后发性白内障的治疗作用与术后并发症。方法对白内障复明手术后,109例（109眼）后发性白内障依据后囊昆浊形态分为：A组Elschnig珍珠样小体型46例（46眼）,B组纤维化型63例（63眼）。采用十字形切开法或开罐式切开法进行激光后囊膜切开术,比较两组激光术前最佳矫正视力与激光术后最佳矫正视力以及激光术后并发症情况。结果 A、B两组内激光术后最佳矫正视力较激光术前最佳矫正视力改善（P〈0.05）;A组术后眼压升高和房水闪辉明显高于B组（P〈0.05）。结论 Nd：YAG激光是治疗白内障复明手术后不同类型后发障的常用有效的治疗方法,激光术后并发症与后发性白内障类型有关。     

儿童人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的手术治疗

目的探讨透明角膜切口插管灌注、睫状体扁平部后发性白内障切除术治疗儿童人工晶状体眼后发性白内障的手术技巧和疗效。方法对51例(57只眼)人工晶状体植入术后后发性白内障儿童患者行透明角膜切口插管灌注、睫状体扁平部后发性白内障切除术。术后随访记录视力、眼压及角膜内皮细胞密度,观察前房反应和并发症的发生情况。平均随访时间为30个月。结果全部术眼晶状体后囊膜中央均形成直径约3～4mm的圆形透明区,后发性白内障切除术的成功率为100％;术中前房稳定,人工晶状体无损伤。术后可配合视力检查的患者最佳矫正视力均恢复至后发性白内障发生前的最佳水平,且部分患者超过最佳水平;其中术后1周和3个月的最佳矫正视力≥0．3的术眼分别占44．4％和51．9％,随访期间无切口渗漏、角膜水肿、瞳孔区玻璃体疝、人工晶状体损伤、视网膜脱离、高眼压及晶状体后囊膜切开区再次混浊等并发症。结论透明角膜切口插管灌注、睫状体扁平部后发性白内障切除术可安全、有效、便捷治疗儿童人工晶状体植入术后的后发性白内障。     

超声乳化白内障吸出为主的睫状环阻滞性青光眼手术治疗模式探讨

目的探讨超声乳化白内障吸出为主的睫状环阻滞性青光眼治疗模式的可行性。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象北京同仁医院青光眼滤过术后药物治疗无效合并有白内障的睫状环阻滞性青光眼患者12例12眼。方法对所有患眼优先行透明角膜切口超声乳化白内障吸出联合折叠式人工晶状体（IOL）植入术,必要时联合术中抽玻璃体水囊及房角分离术;无效者再行Nd：YAG激光晶状体后囊膜及玻璃体前界膜切开或前部玻璃体切割术。除常规检查外,手术前及手术后2周行超声生物显微镜检查。术后平均随访（15．8±5．2）个月。主要指标眼压、中央前房深度及视力变化。结果12眼中术前平均中央前房深度（0．38±0．17）mm,平均眼压（31．50±3．50）mmHg。5／12眼经单纯超声乳化白内障吸出折叠式IOL植入术联合房角分离术;5／12眼又联合Nd：YAG激光晶状体后囊膜及玻璃体前界膜切开术;2／12眼又联合前部玻璃体切割术。术后2周平均中央前房深度（2.31±0．37）mm;末次随访时平均眼压（14．60±4．80）mmHg;视力提高或不变。结论本文小样本的资料显示,药物治疗无效的睫状环阻滞性青光眼病例先行白内障超声乳化吸出术,无效者依次行Nd：YAG激光晶状体囊膜、玻璃体前界膜切开及前部玻璃体切割术的治疗模式是可行的。（眼科,2012,21：43-46）