多层螺旋CT多期增强扫描在重度肾损伤中的诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT增强扫描在重度肾损伤中的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析26例重度肾损伤患者的CT平扫及增强扫描特点,15例与手术结果相对照,11例临床随访观察,明确CT多期增强扫描在重度肾损伤中的诊断价值。结果：26例患者均为重度肾损伤,11例肾实质裂伤深度超过1.0 cm,无集合系统破裂或尿外渗;10例肾损伤贯穿肾实质和集合系统,肾动脉、静脉主要分支损伤,形成明显肾周血肿和尿外渗;粉碎肾5例。结论：多层螺旋CT多期增强扫描能明确重度肾损伤的程度及范围,对指导临床采取及时的手术治疗有较大的指导意义。     

闭合性肾损伤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨闭合性肾损伤的诊断和治疗。方法：1993年－2001年收治闭合性肾损伤80例，行B超、IVU、CT等检查。保守治疗66例（82．5％），手术治疗14例（17．5％），其中包括2例选择性肾动脉栓塞术。结果：78例痊愈出院，肾功能正常。2例（2．5％）死亡，均为多器官损伤合并休克的患者。68例（85．0％）随访1－5年。结论：CT平扫及增强扫描检查可较准确地诊断肾损伤程度，并可同时了解腹腔脏器损伤情况，应作为重度以上肾损伤的首选检查，B超可用以轻伤者筛选诊断。肾损伤的治疗应最大程度保留肾组织，防止并发症及后遗症，除了对严重肾实质碎裂伤，肾血管严重损伤应积极进行手术治疗，以挽救患者生命；对严重肾挫伤、肾裂伤、部分肾破裂伤所致肾出血患者可选择超选择性肾动脉栓塞术。脾破裂合并左肾损伤在临床的多发性损伤中并不少，且有其特殊性，诊治得当则能迅速转危为安，反之则会延误病情。     

闭合性肾脏损伤59例诊治分析

目的：总结闭合性肾脏损伤的诊断和治疗。方法：59例闭合性肾脏损伤中，肾挫伤28例，肾裂伤23例，肾粉碎伤6例，合并有并发伤14例。保守治疗44例，手术治疗15例，死亡3例。结果：本组治愈56例，死亡4例，均为并发其他脏器损伤并顽固性休克者。结论：血尿、腰部疼痛是闭合性肾脏损伤的主要临床症状，CT和B超检查是诊断肾损伤的有效方法。以CT检查结果进行分类肾脏损伤可以有效地指导临床治疗。准确的病情判断、严格掌握手术时机是治疗闭合性肾脏损伤的关键。     

58例肾损伤的诊治分析

目的探讨肾损伤的诊断与治疗。方法对2007年9月至2010年3月对58例闭合性肾损伤临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中合并伤19例(32.7%),据CT和B超及手术证实:肾挫伤20例,肾挫裂伤34例,肾横断伤4例。保守治疗48例,手术治疗10例。结果肾损伤均有不同的外伤史,临床表现中休克发生率29.3%,血尿为86.4%,腰痛93.5%,CT阳性率为97.2%,B超阳性率92.1%,治愈率100%,平均住院时间21d。结论闭合性肾损伤诊断一般并不困难,受伤后有血尿及腰痛,CT检查不但能迅速、准确地确定诊断,而且能明确显示肾损伤的类型及范围。治疗关键取决于病情:肾挫伤、轻度撕裂伤一般可通过保守治疗治愈,对较严重的裂伤,尽量采用保守治疗,动态观察病情变化。肾碎裂伤应紧急手术探查。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断闭合性肾损伤的价值

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断闭合性肾损伤的价值。方法　应用彩色多普勒超声对5 8例闭合性肾损伤进行诊断,并与CT扫描和手术病理进行对照。结合声像图和手术病理所见,将闭合性肾损伤分为肾挫伤、肾部分裂伤、肾粉碎伤、肾横断伤和肾撕脱伤等类型,并对各型声像图特征进行回顾性分析。结果　5 8例闭合性肾损伤经CT扫描和手术病理对照,彩色多普勒超声诊断符合率96 .6 % ( 5 6 / 5 8) ,漏诊2例,占3 .4 %( 2 / 5 8)。其中肾挫伤8例、肾部分裂伤2 0例、肾粉碎伤2 4例、肾横断伤5例、肾撕脱伤1例。结论　彩色多普勒超声可明确闭合性肾损伤的程度和范围及肾段动脉供血区缺血情况,起到CT增强扫描和选择性肾动脉造影的同样效果,具有重要的临床价值彩色多普勒超声　CT　病理　闭合性肾损伤     

急性闭合性肾损伤的CT诊断及临床价值

目的：探讨急性闭合性。肾损伤的CT诊断方法及其对临床指导价值。材料与方法：回顾性分析64例急性闭合性肾损伤的临床及CT表现。结果：肾损伤主要有五种基本类型：局灶性肾挫伤、肾挫裂伤、肾碎裂肾包膜下血肿和肾周血肿,本组局灶性肾挫伤32例,肾挫裂伤14例,肾碎裂8例,单纯肾包膜下血肿8例,单纯肾周血肿2例。结论：CT检查能明确诊断肾损伤,并确定损伤的类型、程度及范围,为临床治疗提供指导意义。     

肾损伤的CT诊断

我院从1990年1月～1995年12月收治肾外伤67例，男56例，女11例，年龄14～74岁。其中闭合性损伤62例，开放性损伤5例。损伤原因：交通事故34例，高处坠跌19例，钝物打击8例，开放性损伤刀刺伤5例。肾自发破裂1例。根据患者病史、临床表现、尿常规检查可初步确定肾损伤诊断，然后通过影像学检查可明确损伤程度。iVU检查9例中3例异常，可见集合系统改变或尿外渗，B超检查43例中17例表现为腹膜后血肿及肾包膜下血肿，CT检查32例中25例显示肾肿瘤、肾脏挫伤、裂伤及周围脏器的情况。讨论肾损伤一般说来诊断是不难的，尤其腰部或腹部外伤后出现…     

63例闭合性肾损伤并合并伤的诊治分析

目的总结闭合性肾损伤并合并伤的诊治体会，提高治疗效果。方法回顾分析63例闭合性肾损伤并合并伤的诊治资料。结果63例闭合性肾损伤并合并伤患者中，保守治疗20例，发生并发症2例；手术治疗43例，其中。肾切除20例，肾部分切除4例，肾修补术8例，探查引流术11例。死亡5例，死亡率7．9％。结论准确判断肾损伤的程度和合并伤的种类，严格掌握手术治疗和非手术治疗指征是处理肾损伤并合并伤的关键。     

闭合性肾损伤Z6例治疗分析

目的总结基层医院闭合性肾损伤的治疗效果,提高闭合性肾损伤的诊治水平。方法回顾分析76例闭合性肾损伤患者的临床资料。结果I～Ⅲ级肾损伤患者65例,60例行保守治疗,5例手术治疗,肾切除1例,保肾手术3例,均痊愈;11例Ⅳ～V级肾损伤患者行手术治疗,肾切除7例,保肾手术4例,均成功治愈。结论及时准确评估肾损伤及合并伤的程度,依据手术治疗和非手术治疗指征选择合理的治疗方案是提高闭合性肾损伤治疗效果的关键。     

闭合性肾损伤76例治疗分析

目的 总结基层医院闭合性肾损伤的治疗效果,提高闭合性肾损伤的诊治水平.方法 回顾分析76例闭合性肾损伤患者的临床资料.结果 Ⅰ～Ⅲ级肾损伤患者65例,60例行保守治疗,5例手术治疗,肾切除1例,保肾手术3例,均痊愈;11例Ⅳ～Ⅴ级肾损伤患者行手术治疗,肾切除7例,保肾手术4例,均成功治愈.结论 及时准确评估肾损伤及合并伤的程度,依据手术治疗和非手术治疗指征选择合理的治疗方案是提高闭合性肾损伤治疗效果的关键.     

钝性肾损伤的CT表现及临床价值(附39例分析)

目的:评价肾损伤的CT表现及临床价值。方法:对39例钝性肾损伤病人进行CT检查并回顾性分析。结果:39例中肾包膜下血肿16例,肾内血肿10例,肾周血肿16例,肾撕裂1例。CT表现为肾实质高密度影,常伴有肾周积血,肾包膜下新月形影,同时伴有脾、肝、肋骨等复合性损伤。32例作保守治疗,7例手术治疗。结论:CT扫描能准确估计损伤范围、程度,为临床治疗提供重要的信息。     

Conservative management with percutaneous intervention of major blunt renal injuries

This retrospective study assessed the results of treatment of patients with renal trauma to determine the optimal management (conservative or surgical) for patients with grade III renal injuries. During the past 12 years 108 patients (including 43 children) with renal injuries were managed: 43 had grade I injuries (renal contusion), 33 had grade II (minor laceration), 31 had grade III (major laceration), and 1 had grade IV (pedicle injury). All patients with grades I and II injuries were successfully managed conservatively. The patient with renal pedicle injury underwent uneventful nephrectomy. Nineteen patients with grade III injuries (including 5 patients with shattered kidneys and 3 patients with polar avulsion) were managed conservatively, and 2 developed progressively enlarging urinomas that required percutaneous drainage with complete resolution. No patient in this group developed perinephric abscess or urinary fistulae, and no delayed nephrectomy was necessary. Long-term follow-up of 7 patients in this group, including 3 with shattered kidneys and 2 with polar avulsion, showed that none have developed hypertension. Twelve patients with grade III injuries were managed surgically. Six (50%) patients underwent total (4 patients) or partial (2 patients) nephrectomy. In 6 patients, the surgical intervention was only open drainage of the perinephric collection and/or parenchymal suturing. It was concluded that conservative management with timely percutaneous or endoscopic intervention in patients with major renal injuries results in minimal loss of renal tissue without significant late complications.     

Diagnostic imaging of acute thoracic injury.

In recent years, the advent of multidetector CT (MDCT) has begun to change the imaging approach to patients sustaining blunt or penetrating thoracic injury. The ability to directly detect some injuries that are often occult on chest radiography, such as pericardial hemorrhage, major thoracic vascular injury, small pneumothorax, and diaphragm tears, as well as the ability to better define the extent of other injuries, such as lung contusion and laceration, account for this transition. This article reviews current concepts of diagnostic imaging in acute chest trauma from both blunt force and penetrating mechanisms, emphasizing the spectrum of diagnostic imaging findings for various injuries, primarily based on multidetector MDCT.     

Renal trauma: imaging evaluation and implications for clinical management

Severe renal injuries are usually associated with multisystem injuries, may require interventional radiology to control hemorrhage and improve the chances for renal salvage, and are more likely to fail nonoperative management. However, most renal injuries are mild in severity and successfully managed conservatively. The AAST classification is the most widely used system to describe renal injuries and carries management and prognostic implications. CT with intravenous contrast is the imaging test of choice to assess for renal injuries. Contrast extravasation indicating active bleeding should be mentioned as its presence is predictive for failure of nonoperative management. Radiologists play a critical role in identifying renal injuries and should make every effort to describe renal injuries according to the AAST grading scheme to better inform the surgeon’s management decisions.     

增强CT扫描对腹部外伤诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨增强CT扫描检查对腹部钝性损伤的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析80例经手术、血管造影或CT随访证实为腹部钝性损伤病人的平扫及增强CT表现征象,并比较分析各种征象的作用。结果 本组70例中,10例平扫无明显异常,增强CT扫描呈明显的低密度改变;11例器官内或周围斑点状增强,提示为活动性出血;部分病例增强CT扫描后清楚显示裂伤部位;1例膀胱损伤增强CT表现为造影剂进入膀胱左前方。结论 增强CT检查对肝肾损伤的诊断明显优于平扫,还可以判断有无活动性出血等情况,对损伤程度的判断和治疗方案的制定较平扫更有价值。     

Localized cystic disease of the kidney: CT findings

Background: We assessed the clinical and computed tomographic (CT) features of localized cystic disease of the kidney and how these features differentiate this disease from other renal cystic diseases. Methods: Medical records and CT scans of seven patients with localized cystic disease were reviewed retrospectively. Pathologic confirmation in five patients was done by surgery. The subjects consisted of four males and three females, with an age range of 29–74 years. Results: Localized cystic disease in five patients was an incidental finding. Clinical presentations in the other two patients included dark urine color, palpable flank mass, and generalized weakness. There was no patient with impairment of renal function associated with renal cystic disease. Six patients had cystic renal lesions in the left kidneys, and one patient had lesions in the right kidney. Six patients had cysts in a localized area in the affected kidney, and the remaining patient had diffuse involvement of the entire kidney. The upper pole was most frequently involved. CT appearance was characterized by multiple, variable size cysts conglomerated to islets of cysts that were separated by the normal renal parenchymal band. Conclusion: Localized cystic disease of the kidney has characteristic CT findings that distinguish it from other renal cystic diseases, making follow-up without surgical intervention possible.     

Book reviews

Background: We assessed the clinical and computed tomographic (CT) features of localized cystic disease of the kidney and how these features differentiate this disease from other renal cystic diseases. Methods: Medical records and CT scans of seven patients with localized cystic disease were reviewed retrospectively. Pathologic confirmation in five patients was done by surgery. The subjects consisted of four males and three females, with an age range of 29–74 years. Results: Localized cystic disease in five patients was an incidental finding. Clinical presentations in the other two patients included dark urine color, palpable flank mass, and generalized weakness. There was no patient with impairment of renal function associated with renal cystic disease. Six patients had cystic renal lesions in the left kidneys, and one patient had lesions in the right kidney. Six patients had cysts in a localized area in the affected kidney, and the remaining patient had diffuse involvement of the entire kidney. The upper pole was most frequently involved. CT appearance was characterized by multiple, variable size cysts conglomerated to islets of cysts that were separated by the normal renal parenchymal band. Conclusion: Localized cystic disease of the kidney has characteristic CT findings that distinguish it from other renal cystic diseases, making follow-up without surgical intervention possible.     

Reevaluation of ultrasonography for solid-organ injury in blunt abdominal trauma.

OBJECTIVE: To reevaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography for detecting and classifying solid-organ injuries from blunt abdominal trauma by comparing ultrasonography with computed tomography (CT) and laparotomy. METHODS: Six hundred four patients with blunt abdominal trauma were examined by both B-mode ultrasonography and CT for a study period of 14 years. The ultrasonographic examiners were divided into 2 groups depending on their experience with ultrasonography. The ultrasonographic results were then compared with CT and surgical findings. This was a retrospective study. RESULTS: In 198 patients, solid-organ injuries were identified on CT, laparotomy, or both. Sensitivity values in group A (experts) were 87.5% for hepatic injuries, 85.4% for splenic injuries, 77.6% for renal injuries, and 44.4% for pancreatic injuries. Sensitivity values in group B were 46.2% for hepatic injuries, 50.0% for splenic injuries, and 44.1% for renal injuries. The detection rates in group A were 80% to 100% for different types of hepatic injuries except superficial injuries (20%) and 70% to 100% for different types of splenic injuries. The detection rates for renal parenchymal and pancreatic duct injuries were 53.3% and 80%, respectively. The detection rates for injuries requiring intervention were 86.1% in group A and 66.7% in group B. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of ultrasonography with the use of CT and surgical findings as reference standards decreased compared with our prior study. However, ultrasonography was found to enable experienced examiners to detect and classify parenchymal injuries efficiently, despite disadvantages in detecting superficial and vascular injuries. Ultrasonography should be used to explore not only free fluid but also solid-organ injuries.     

闭合性肾损伤的诊断与治疗

目的总结闭合性肾损伤诊断与治疗的经验。方法对135例闭合性肾损伤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果135例闭合性肾损伤中,肾挫伤92例,肾裂伤24例,肾粉碎伤19例,并发伤38例。血尿、腰部疼痛是主要临床症状。保守治疗97例,超选择性肾动脉栓塞术3例,手术治疗30例,死亡5例。结论B超和CT检查是诊断肾损伤的有效方法。其治疗主要取决于肾脏伤情,保守治疗是重要的治疗方法。