12C6+重离子束治疗皮肤鳞状细胞癌临床疗效分析

目的 通过应用重离子加速器产生的12C6+束治疗皮肤鳞状细胞癌,评价高线性能量传递在临床治疗的应用.方法 15例经病理证实的皮肤鳞状细胞癌患者,应用80～100 meV/U12C6+重离子束分别给予总剂量43.5～120.6 Gy/5～13次照射,相对生物效应(RBE)等于3.结果 12例患者3月后病变完全消失,达临床治愈(CR);2例缩小75%,达临床部分缓解(PR);总有效率达100%(1例中途终止照射).治疗中及治疗后照射野皮肤无破溃等放射性损伤.结论 12C6+重离子束具有治疗精度高,疗程短,对肿瘤周围正常组织损伤小等特点.     

软X线治疗皮肤基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌

背景：作者制定了一个应用软X线治疗表皮恶性肿瘤的计划，该计划虑及临床已诊断的肿瘤在治疗下的退化现象。目标：根据治愈率和后期溃疡形成来评价本计划的有效性。方法：对1988-1992年间接受连续照射的1267例基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌患者进行随访（平均随访77个月）。结果：肿瘤复发率5．1％，与其大小、厚度及时间-剂量分次因子有关。溃疡形成率6．3％，取决于照射野大小、X线的硬度，在一个较小照射野（直径≤4cm）内则与总的照射剂量和时间-剂量分次因子有关。82．5％的溃疡能适当治愈。局限性：尚无证据表明本方案优于其他文献报道的方案。结论：软X线对表皮恶性肿瘤是有效的。     

食管鳞癌增殖细胞核抗原表达178例分析

目的：增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）是一反映细胞增殖的指标。本文旨在探讨不同分化程度的食管鳞癌中ＰＣＮＡ的表达及其在预后上的意义。方法：用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ方法研究１７８例不同分化的食管鳞癌中ＰＣＮＡ的表达情况，用卡方检验及Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ相关系数方法检验肿瘤的分化程度与ＰＣＮＡ阳性表达的关系。结果：ＰＣＮＡ的高表达（阳性细胞＞５０％）分别为Ⅰ级７／３６，Ⅱ级３１／７４，Ⅲ级４１／６８。表明食管鳞癌的组织分化程度（Ⅰ～Ⅲ级）与ＰＣＮＡ的阳性表达（＋～）有正相关关系存在（χ２＝２２．８９８，Ｐ＜０．００５），但属低度相关（Ｐｒ＝０．３３８）。结论：ＰＣＮＡ免疫组化标记是反映肿瘤细胞分化程度的客观指标之一，能客观反映食管鳞癌肿瘤细胞的增殖活性。     

染色体端粒的缺失表达在头颈部磷癌的意义

目的通过对头颈部鳞癌(HNSCC)细胞系染色体端粒表达的检测和分析,研究端粒功能失调现象是否存于HNSCC,探讨其在促进肿瘤染色体变异的重要作用。方法8个HNSCC细胞系和6例头颈部正常组织上皮细胞培养。收获细胞用荧光结合(CCCTAA)3核酸探针以荧光原位杂交方法检测细胞分裂中期染色体末端端粒表达,计算平均每个细胞中端粒缺失染色体末端数。结果缺失TTAGGG重复DNA序列的染色体末端数/细胞的平均数为12.8±5.4;正常对照组上皮细胞不表现或仅偶尔出现染色体端粒缺失现象,平均值0.3±0.3。两组比较有显著差异(P<0.005)。结论HNSCC染色体端粒缺失,引起端粒功能失调造成双着丝粒及环状染色体形成,促使癌细胞异常分裂,致使HNSCC染色体不稳定性,以及大量基因组失衡。     

人口腔鳞状细胞癌中的erb—B基因

erb-B gene is an oncogene from avian leukosis virus. The carcinogenic capability of erb-B is due to the close similarity of expressional proteins to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr). In this study the amplification and the over-expression of erb-B were found in human oral squamous (cell carcinomas by DNA and RNA dot blot hybridization). Results showed that erb-B was correlated with the oral epidermoid tumors but not with group of non-epidermoid tumors in the head and neck region. Southern blotting analysis showed that there were rearrangement of erb-B gene in the tumor genosomes, which is perhaps one of the ways to activate the proto-oncogene of erb-B.     

增殖细胞核抗原在上颌窦鳞状细胞癌的表达

目的:探讨增殖细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen,PCNA)在上颌窦鳞癌中的表达及其与上颌窦鳞癌发生发展的关系。方法:应用免疫组化SABC法检测了35例上颌窦鳞癌和15例鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的PCNA表达。结果:PCNA染色阳性细胞为细胞核染色。PCNA指数上颌窦鳞癌为86.94±9.83,鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤为46.14±2.66,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。随上颌窦鳞癌的分化程度的降低,PCNA指数增加,不同分化间PCNA指数差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论:PCNA的表达与上颌窦鳞癌的发生及分化程度相关。     

VES诱导口腔鳞癌Tca8113细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 明确VES对口腔鳞癌细胞Tca8113的作用,为临床应用VES防治口腔鳞癌提供科学的实验数据.方法 RT-PCR法检测促凋亡基因bax在Mrna水平上的表达,Western blot检测促凋亡基因bax在蛋白水平上的表达.结果 bax基因在Mrna水平上及蛋白水平上表达上调.结论 VES诱导口腔鳞癌细胞Tca8113的凋亡作用,bax基因可能参与该过程.     

Human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in periungual squamous cell carcinomas

Ten squamous cell carcinomas (in situ or invasive) of the fingernail region were analyzed for the presence of DNA sequences homologous to human papillomavirus (HPV) by dot blot hybridization. In most patients, the lesions were verrucae of long-term duration that were refractory to conventional treatment methods. Eight of the lesions contained HPV DNA sequences, and in six of these the sequences were related to HPV 16 as deduced from low-stringency nucleic acid hybridization followed by low- and high-stringency washes. Furthermore, the restriction endonuclease digestion pattern of DNA isolated from four of these lesions was diagnostic of episomal HPV 16. The high-frequency association of HPV 16 with periungual squamous cell carcinoma is similar to that reported for HPV 16 with squamous cell carcinomas on mucous membranes at other sites, notably the genital tract. Our findings suggest that HPV 16 may play an important role in the development of squamous cell carcinomas of the finger, most notably those lesions that are chronic and located in the periungual area.     

LncRNAs在口腔鳞癌中的作用及机制研究进展

长链非编码RNAs(IncRNAs)是一组长度＞200个核苷酸的内源性非编码RNA.目前研究表明,IncRNAs已成为癌症研究中的参与者,包括口腔鳞状细胞癌.口腔鳞癌中的IncRNAs主要通过调控基因表达,调节蛋白活性,抑制或激活某些信号通路等发挥作用.本文着重综述口腔鳞癌中相关IncRNAs的功能及机制,并讨论其作为诊断监测,治疗靶标及癌症标志物的临床意义.     

凋亡抑制基因survivin在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的　探讨凋亡抑制基因survivin在喉鳞癌中的表达及临床意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学SP方法检测4 5例喉鳞癌及10例正常喉黏膜组织中survivin基因的表达。结果　喉鳞癌组织中,Survivin的表达率为80 % ,显著高于正常喉黏膜组织的表达率2 0 % (P <0 .0 5 )。Survivin蛋白表达与喉鳞癌的TNM分期及淋巴结转移有关(P均<0 .0 5 )。结论　survivin在喉鳞癌的发生发展中起重要作用,可能成为喉鳞癌基因治疗的新靶点。     

64例原发性肺鳞癌CT表现特点分析

目的　分析原发性肺鳞癌CT表现特点。　方法　回顾性分析大连大学附属中山医院2015年1月至2017年2月64例经病理证实原发性肺鳞癌患者的CT资料,依据CT表现分为中央型和周围型,其中中央型分为Ⅰ型（支气管腔内小结节,最大径≤2.0 cm）、Ⅱ型（肺门结节与肿块）和Ⅲ型（支气管铸形生长）;双盲法对各型肺鳞癌CT表现特点进行分析。　结果　64例患者依据肺癌发生部位分为中央型48例（75%）、周围型16例（25%）。中央型肺鳞癌占大多数（48/64,75.0％）,其中Ⅰ型4例（8.3％）,平均径（1.0±0.6）cm,2例行增强扫描均呈中度均匀强化;Ⅱ型35例（72.9％）,其中7例难以确认CT征象未统计,余28例中不规则形23例（82.1％）、边界模糊17例（60.7％）、深分叶6例（21.4％）、空洞7例（25.0％）、坏死7例（25.0％）,多伴阻塞性肺炎或肺不张（64.3％、7.1％）及淋巴结转移（71.4％）;21例增强扫描患者中9例呈均匀强化,12例呈不均匀强化;Ⅲ型9例（18.8％）,均见指套状、分支状影,6例增强扫描时肿瘤组织强化,黏液嵌塞无强化。周围型肺鳞癌16例（16/64,25％）,大多数边界清晰（13/16,81.2％）、可见毛刺征（31.3％）、棘突征（43.7％）、深分叶征（31.3％）、空洞（12.5％）、坏死（31.3％）及胸膜宽基底相贴（37.5％）,伴淋巴结转移（31.3％）,8例行增强扫描,其中2例呈轻度均匀强化、2例呈中度均匀强化、4例呈不均匀强化。　结论　原发性肺鳞癌具有一定的CT表现特征,可辅助临床作出提示性诊断。     

Apoptosis in Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas without Lymph Node Metastases

In recent years, studies of the significance ofapoptosis or programmed cell death represent a bi ologically important field of research that has at tracted great attention. Tumor progression is char acterized by the imbalance between cell prolifera tion and apoptosis. Recently, in patients withtumors at various sites, the apoptotic index (AI)has been shown to correlate with various histologicparameters, biologic parameters, and patient sur vival.In this study, we have i…     

28例口腔基底样鳞状细胞癌的临床病理分析

目的: 回顾性分析基底样鳞状细胞癌临床病理特征及预后相关因素。方法: 回顾性分析2002年1月至2020年12月在北京大学口腔医学院诊治并经病理确诊为基底样鳞状细胞癌患者的临床病理资料。选取诊断明确且组织学不伴有其他类型杂交瘤,并有明确手术治疗史及完善临床病理资料的基底样鳞状细胞癌28例,分析其临床病理特征,应用免疫组织化学染色筛选可用于鉴别诊断的特异性免疫标记,应用统计学方法进行生存分析,评估预后相关因素,同时随机选取28例临床分期相同的传统鳞状细胞癌患者作为对照组。结果: 28例基底样鳞状细胞癌最常发生的部位是舌及口底,为11例(11/28,39.3%),其余牙龈6例(6/28, 21.4%)、颊部5例(5/28, 17.9%)、腭部4例(4/28, 14.3%)、口咽部2例(2/28, 7.1%)。患者多为中晚期, 12例为Ⅱ期,16例为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期。经组织病理学检查证实伴淋巴结转移者12例,占总病例数42.9%(12/28),局部复发者9例,伴远处转移者1例(转移至肺)。28例传统鳞状细胞癌患者中经组织病理学检查证实伴淋巴结转移者13例,占总病例数46.4%(13/28)。局部复发者5例,伴远处转移者3例,其中2例转移至肺、1例转移至脑。临床分期相同的基底样鳞状细胞癌组和传统鳞状细胞癌组患者5年总生存率分别为54.6%、53.8%。基底样鳞状细胞癌组织学上表现为基底样细胞构成的实性癌巢,癌巢中心一般不形成角化,常可见粉刺样坏死结构。28例基底样鳞状细胞癌均呈现CK5/6、P63强阳性表达,而神经内分泌标志物CgA和Syn阴性表达,其中8例呈P16阳性表达,1例局灶阳性表达SOX10,但CK7阴性。结论: 口腔基底样鳞状细胞癌中晚期患者多见,淋巴结转移率较高,但与相同临床分期的传统鳞状细胞癌总生存率差异无统计学意义;P16阳性患者与人乳头瘤病毒感染相关,预后较好;CK7与SOX10免疫组织化学可用于基底样鳞状细胞癌与实性型腺样囊性癌的鉴别诊断。     

喉鳞状细胞癌细胞核DNA定量及其与预后的...

DNA ploidy, S% and proliferative index (PI) of carcinomatous cell were evaluated with FCM in 41 patients with laryngeal primary squamous cell carcinomas which were operated on in our department during the period between Jan. 1979 to Oct. 1987. The results showed that DNA aneuploidy was identified in 65.85% of the cases (27/41) and patients with aneuploid carcinomas had higher S% (mean +/- standard: 23.22 +/- 9.57%), higher PI (mean +/- standard: 37.59 +/- 9.57%) and higher rate of relapse and/or metastasis than those with diploid tumours (55.55% vs 11.77%, P < 0.025). Patients with aneuploid carcinomas also correlated with an unfavorable prognosis compared with those with diploid tumors. Cases with aneuploid and diploid carcinomas had 66.11% and 92.86% respectively for two years postoperation survival rate; 46.74% and 92.86% respectively for five years postoperation survival rate (Log-rank test: chi 2 = 5.96, P < 0.025). We conclude that nuclear DNA measurement with flow cytometry is of important significance in estimating prognosis and guiding treatment for laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.     

Tumour length is an independent prognostic factor of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

 

Background  The latest version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system has not comprehensively evaluated the impact of tumour length on survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Our study explored the relationship between tumour length and clinicopathological characteristics as well as long-term survival.

Methods  All 202 cases of esophageal resections done from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were reviewed and followed up.

Results  Patients with tumour length ≥3 cm were related to more advanced tumour stage (χ²=55.9, P <0.001), more metastatic lymph nodes (χ²=14.6, P <0.001), increased metastatic lymph node ratio (χ²=16.1, P <0.001) and worse overall TNM stage (χ²=48.1, P <0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that tumour length was a significant prognostic risk factor (95% CI 0.235–0.947, P=0.035).  Subgroup analyses disclosed that tumour length was a valuable prognostic predictor in patients with lower T stage, absence of metastatic lymph nodes and lower TNM stage.

Conclusions  Esophageal tumour length is a predictive factor for long-term survival especially for lower tumour stage, absence of metastatic lymph nodes and lower TNM stage patients. Tumour length should be incorporated in the staging system as an important grouping factor for better prognostic evaluation.

     

食管粘膜下鳞状细胞癌的组织发生学观察

观察了１２例粘膜完整的食管鳞状细胞癌的临床病理学特征和组织发生。结果：１２例标本中有６例食管粘膜上皮为单纯增生，５例为不典型增生，１例为原位癌。这些病变与粘膜下的浸润性鳞癌无任何过渡关系。在９例标本中发现食管粘膜固有层及粘膜下层腺体有单纯增生、鳞状上皮化生和不典型增生，并可见不典型增生向鳞状细胞癌过渡的现象。结果提示：食管鳞状细胞癌不仅可起源于粘膜上皮，而且还可能来自食管腺。     

生长环境对鳞状细胞癌分化及增殖的影响

目的 :探讨不同部位鳞癌的细胞角蛋白 ,增殖细胞核抗原基因产物表达的差异性 ,对研究肿瘤局部生长环境对肿瘤实质细胞的影响具有一定的理论意义。方法 :采用免疫组织化学LSAB法检测 69例不同部位鳞癌 (皮肤鳞癌 9例、鼻咽鳞癌 10例、喉鳞癌 12例、食管鳞癌 14例、宫颈鳞癌 12例、肺鳞癌 12例 )的细胞角蛋白 (cytokeratin ,CK)、增殖细胞核抗原 (prolireratingcellnuclearantigen ,PCNA)基因产物的表达情况。结果 :皮肤、食管鳞癌多为高分化鳞癌 ,鼻咽、肺鳞癌多为低分化鳞癌 ;CK在不同部位鳞癌的表达由强到弱依次为皮肤、食管、喉、宫颈、肺 ;CK阳性细胞在皮肤、食管鳞癌组织中由癌巢周边到中央表达逐渐增强 ,CK阳性细胞在鼻咽、肺鳞癌组织中散在分布 ;高分化鳞癌较低分化鳞癌表达强。PCNA的表达在鼻咽、肺鳞癌明显强于皮肤、食管鳞癌 (P <0 0 5)。PCNA阳性细胞在皮肤、食管鳞癌组织中主要位于癌巢周边 ;在喉鳞癌中位于癌巢的周边到中层 ;在鼻咽、宫颈、肺鳞癌中从癌巢周边到中央弥散分布。结论 :不同的生长环境可能对鳞癌的分化、增殖影响不同     

Nuclear morphometry and its prognostic significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

The five parameters including nuclear area (NA), nuclear perimeter (NP), nuclear diameter (ND), axis ratio and nuclear roundness were evaluated with MIAS200 Image Analysis System (Sichuan University, Chengdu) in 45 patients with laryngeal primary squamous cell carcinoma, which were confirmed pathologically and operated on from January 1977 to October 1987. The results showed that NA, NP and ND are important prognostic indicators. The survival rate in patients with large nuclei (NA greater than 73 microns2, NP greater than 32.5 microns, ND greater than 12 microns) was significantly lower than that in those with small nuclei (NA less than 73 microns2, NP less than 32.5 microns, ND less than 12 microns) (P less than 0.0025). These findings strongly suggest that patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with large nuclei should be treated more aggressively.

     

Expression of CD44V6 and PCNA in squamous cell carcinomas

Objective To investigate the expression of cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD(44)V6) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in ocular squamous cell carcinomas. Methods Streptavidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression of CD(44V6)and PCNA in 35 cases of ocular squamous cell carcinomas, 20 cases of papillomas, and 11 cases of normal eyelid tissue.Results The CD(44V6)positive rate was 62.9% (22/35) in ocular squamous cell carcinomas, 15.0% (3/20) in papillomas, but not detectable in the 11 cases of normal eyelid tissue. The positive expression rates of CD(44V6)in ocular squamous cell carcinomas were significantly higher than in benign tumors （χ[2=11.57, P&lt;0.01）or control tissue (P=0.001), and the positive expression rates of CD(44V6)in metastasis were significantly higher than without metastasis （P=0.049）. PCNA labeling indexes (PI) in tumors with CD(44V6)expression were significantly higher than those without (t=20.21, P&lt;0.01). Conclusions Overexpression of CD(44V6)is correlated with the progress and metastasis of ocular squamous cell carcinomas. CD(44V6)protein positive staining is associated with high PI. CD(44V6)and PCNA are useful for evaluating prognosis.