QRS记分与急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能的关系

ＱＲＳ记分可用来判定心肌梗死面积，用其评价左心室功能特别是舒张功能的研究尚少［１］。本研究采用常规１２导联心电图分析ＱＲＳ记分与急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）患者的左心室功能的关系，为临床估测左心室功能提供更简便的方法。１对象与方法ＡＭＩ患者４５例，全部为１...     

QRS记分与急性心肌梗死左室功能的关系

目的 评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)常规心电图QRS记分与左室功能的相互关系。方法 对45例AMI的QRS记分与用二维超声测得的LVEF、EDV、ESV、GWMI、RWMI进行相关分析。结果 QRS记分与LVEF呈明显负相关，与EDV、ESV、GWMI、RWMI呈明显正相关。结论 QRS记分可用来估测AMI的左室功能，特别是舒张功能减退的程度。     

急性心肌梗死早期QRS波群终末变形对预后判断的价值

为探讨急性心肌梗死早期QRS波群终末变形对判断预后的价值,回顾分析67例发病12h内的急性心肌梗死患者的临床和心电图资料。结果显示:QRS波群终末变形组和不变形组在年龄、性别、糖尿病史、原发性高血压史以及心肌梗死部位等方面差异并无显著意义,但变形组患者心绞痛病史少见(27.5％对52.6％,P<0.05),平均每例ST段抬高的导联数(4.24±1.10对3.11±1.22,P<0.01)、平均每个导联ST段抬高的程度(0.45±0.07对0.36±0.09mV,P<0.01)、肌酸磷酸激酶峰值(1275.86±323.97对1107.05±278.06U/L,P<0.05)和严重并发症(65.5％对36.8％,P<0.05)等方面明显高于不变形组,死亡率也趋于升高。提示QRS波群终末变形对于急性心肌梗死的预后判断有一定的价值。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者心电图QRS时限与预后的关系

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死患者心电图QRS时限与预后的关系。方法选择90例老年急性心肌梗死患者,依据QRS时限分为研究组(110 ms,QRS时限延长)和对照组(≤110 ms,QRS时限正常)各45例,对比两组患者N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(Tn I)水平及左室射血分数(LVEF)、心功能Killip分级及主要心血管不良事件发生率。结果研究组患者NT-pro BNP、CK-MB峰值、Tn I峰值均显著高于对照组(P0.05),LVEF显著低于对照组(P0.05),但两组患者血清TC无差异(P0.05);研究组患者心功能Killip分级中,Ⅰ级患者占比显著低于对照组(P0.05),Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者占比均显著高于对照组(P0.05);研究组患者急性肺水肿、恶性心律失常、心源性休克、心源性死亡发生率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论老年急性心肌梗死患者心电图QRS时限延长预示预后不良。     

18例急性下壁心肌梗死QRS综合波的早期改变及临床意义

对18例下壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)者胸痛发作后5h内进行连续心电图监测,以探讨各导联QRS综合波的早期变化,结果如下。     

碎裂QRS波群在急性心肌梗死诊断、预后评估中的研究进展

碎裂QRS波群作为12导联心电图异常电生理活动指标,该波群的时限、形态变化主要受患者心室除极顺序、除极电位变化的影响,能够在多个相邻的导联之间出现碎裂,反映出心室除级电位具有非均质性、传导延迟等特点,是心电图检查中新发现的对急性心肌梗死诊断、预后评估的可参考指标,本研究就碎裂QRS波群对心肌梗死诊断、预后价值的研究现状进行综述。     

急性心肌梗死患者初始QRS波形态与预后的关系探讨

目的　了解急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者初始QRS波形态与预后的关系。方法　将 38例患者根据AMI初QRS波形态是否变形分成两组 ,即ST段升高伴QRS波终末变形者为阳性组 (QRS+ ) ,ST段升高不伴QRS波终末变形者为阴性组 (QRS- ) ,并进行跟踪观察。结果　QRS+ 组在住院期间有37 5 %患者死亡、5 0 %患者发生心脏性休克 ,而QRS- 组住院期间只有 6 6 %患者死亡、13 3%患者发生心脏性休克。 (t =5 2 5 ,P <0 0 5 ;t =5 11,P <0 0 5 )两组相比有显著性差异。结论　急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者初始QRS波形态与预后有关     

心电图诊断急性心肌梗死范围的研究

目的研究Wikins公式预测心肌梗死范围与QRS记分系统评估梗死范围的关系。方法129例ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者,42例接受延迟经皮冠脉介入治疗,21例接受紧急冠脉介入治疗,26例尿激酶静脉溶栓,40例内科药物保守治疗。以Wikins计算公式预测心肌梗死范围。分别于围手术期1周内、静脉溶栓或内科药物保守治疗1周内、2周、1月及随访期内以Nancy B.Hindman提出的54项标准32分制的QRS记分系统评估梗死范围。结果前壁心肌梗死Wikins计算公式预测心梗范围与QRS记分评估梗死范围有相关性,但延迟冠脉介入治疗组二者无相关性。下壁心肌梗死时,Wikins公式预测心肌梗死范围与各组QRS记分评估梗死范围均无相关性。结论Wikins计算公式不适合延迟冠脉介入治疗患者梗死范围评估。Wikins公式预测下壁心肌梗死不可靠,可能需进一步修订。     

急性心肌梗死QRS波终端变形与其预后的关系

试探讨通过静息心电图形态的改变对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者的预后进行判定。将 397例AMI患者根据心电图QRS波终端变形分为两组即QRS(+)组 (即qR型导联的J点≥ 5 0 %的R波或Rs型导联的S波消失 )和QRS(- )组 ,通过冠状动脉造影结果及肌酸激酶和QRS计分法对梗死面积的估计将两组进行对比研究 ,并对其预后进行随访。结果 :QRS(+)组 89例 ,QRS(- )组 30 8例 ,QRS(+)组年龄偏大 ,前壁心肌梗死发生率较高。QRS(+)组血浆肌酸激酶峰值水平 (332 1± 2 5 77u/l)较QRS(- )组 (2 2 6 9± 32 5 1u/l)高 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,前壁心肌梗死患者QRS(+)组坏死面积 (7.3± 0 .34 )明显大于QRS(- )组 (5 .5± 0 .34 ,QRS计分法 ,P <0 .0 5 )且一年死亡率高于后者 (2 0 .5 %vs 9.8% ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :心电图QRS波终端变形可以作为早期判断心肌梗死病人预后的评价指标 ,对于前壁AMI的病人更有意义。     

Role of myocardial perfusion imaging in evaluating thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction

Myocardial thallium-201 scintigraphy is being increasingly employed as a method for assessing the efficacy of coronary reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. New thallium uptake after intracoronary tracer administration after successful recanalization indicates that nutrient blood flow has been successfully restored. One may also presume that some myocardial salvage occurred if thallium administered in this manner is transported intracellularly by myocytes with intact sarcolemmal membranes. However, if one injects thallium by way of the intracoronary route immediately after reperfusion, the initial uptake of thallium in reperfused myocardium may predominantly represent hyperemic flow and regional thallium counts measured may not be proportional to the mass of viable myocytes. When thallium is injected intravenously during the occlusion phase the degree of redistribution after thrombolysis is proportional to the degree of flow restoration and myocardial viability. When thallium is injected for the first time intravenously immediately after reperfusion, an overestimation of myocardial salvage may occur because of "excess" thallium uptake in the infarct zone consequent to significant hyperemia. Another approach to myocardial thallium scintigraphy in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy is to administer two separate intravenous injections before and 24 hours or later after treatment. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the improvement in defect size on serial images predicts improvement in regional function and patency of the infarct-related vessel. Finally, patients with acute myocardial infarction who receive intravenous thrombolytic therapy are candidates for predischarge exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy for risk stratification and detection of residual ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

急性心肌梗死早期应用卡托普利对QRS积分的影响

为探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）早期应用卡托普利对心肌梗死范围的影响，将74例AMI病人随机分为治疗组（常规＋卡托普利治疗）和对照组（常规治疗），均观察4周，分别于治疗前，治疗后第24h、72h、1周、2周、3周、4周描记一次标准12导联心电图，按Nancy标准进行QRS记分。结果：共62例完成试验观察。治疗前两组QRS积分无显著性差异（P＞0．05）；治疗后1周时，治疗组（n=30）QRS积分显著低于对照组（P＜0．05），与治疗前比较虽有增高，但差异无显著性（P＞0．05），对照组（n=32）QRS积分显著高于治疗前（P＜0．01）；第4周时，治疗组QRS积分显著低于对照组及治疗前（均P＜0．05），对照组与治疗前比较虽有降低，但差异无显著性。提示：卡托普利在AMI早期应用有限制心肌梗死范围作用。     

Evaluation of serial QRS changes during acute inferior myocardial infarction using a QRS scoring system

The evolution of changes in the QRS complex during the initial 3 days after the onset of an initial inferior myocardial infarction (MI) was studied in 82 consecutive patients. Each patient's standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was assigned points (a QRS score) according to the absolute duration of the Q and R waves and the amplitude ratios of R-to-Q and R-to-S waves. This QRS score has been demonstrated to correlate (r = 0.74) with the anatomic extent of single inferior MI. By this system, 43 patients (53% of the study group) had an initial electrocardiogram that registered a score of 0 and developed QRS points only after admission. The QRS scores of 18 additional patients (22% of the study group) changed after admission. Forty-nine score changes were noted on Day 2 and 18 on Day 3. All of these changes resulted in an increased QRS score. Alteration of the QRS complex during initial inferior MI evolves over 2 to 3 days in many patients. There is a distinct pattern to this evolution, which results in sequential increases in a QRS score based upon electrocardiographic indicators of the extent of myocardial necrosis. This QRS scoring system might be applied to evaluate clinically interventions aimed at limiting the extent of necrosis in patients with initial acute inferior MI.     

The value of the QRS scoring system in assessing regional and global left ventricular ejection fraction early after myocardial infarction

In 71 patients with a myocardial infarction (MI) (anterior in27, inferior in 44 patients) global (GEF) and regional (REF)left ventricular ejection fractions were determined by radionuclideventriculography and estimated from a 12 lead electrocardiogram(ECG), using Selvester's QRS score, during the early phase ofa MI (15 to 21 days following MI). Global ejection fractionsdetermined by radionuclide ventriculography and from ECG usingPalmeri's method were: for all M140.8 ± 12.6% vs 39.6± 11.4%; in the group of anterior M132.0 ± 10.0%vs 30.0 ± 9.7% and in the group of inferior MI 48.9±12.0%vs 45.1 ± 8.2%. A good correlation was found betweenglobal ejection fractions determined by radionuclide ventriculographyand ECG, as well as between radionuclide GEF and ECG score.A weaker correlation was found between radionuclide GEF andenzymes among all MIs and in the group of anterior MI, whilein the group of inferior MI this correlation was insignificant.The analysis of REF determined by radionuclide ventriculographyand ECG showed the greatest abnormalities in the infarct region,but in the group of anterior MI, dysfunction was present inthe whole left ventricle. The comparison of infarct-relatedREF derived from radionuclide ventriculography, with the QRSscore showed a significantly higher correlation than the comparisonwith enzymes. ECG estimation of REF from a modified Palmeri'sequation showed a better correlation with radionuclide REF thandid GEF derived from the standard Palmeri's equation: anteriorMI; r = 0.90 vs r = 0.82, inferior MI; r = 0.84 vs r = 0.69,respectively. Our results underline the value of relativelysimple ECG methods for the assessment of left ventricular globalfunction, and new possibilities for the estimation of regionalfunction in patients with myocardial infarction.     

Value and limitations of thrombolytic therapy in early acute transmural myocardial infarction

Since coronary thrombosis is the final common pathway by which acute transmural myocardial infarction occurs, intracoronary thrombolytic reperfusion has taken on new significance. The goals of early restoration of coronary blood flow are to reduce mortality as well as to demonstrate improvement of markers of success or failure associated with thrombolytic therapy relative to nonreperfused patients. This paper examines clinical studies from multiple centers and the results derived from these studies. Mortality, left ventricular function, electrocardiographic indices of necrosis, laboratory studies, enzymatic indices of myocardial infarction size, thallium perfusion, and scintigraphic studies from controlled randomized and nonrandomized studies are presented. Overall, it appears that thrombolytic reperfusion is beneficial if applied early, although the markers of success or failure do not necessarily correlate with short-term mortality.     

急性心肌梗死的药物溶栓治疗进展

早期溶栓治疗 (ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｌｙｔｉｃｔｈｅｒａｐｙ ,ＴＴ)可获得梗塞相关动脉 (ＩＲＡ)早期开放 ,有效缩小心肌梗死面积 ,保护左室功能 ,降低病死率 ,因而成为急性心肌梗死(ＡＭＩ)的常规疗法之一。然而 ,目前最佳的溶栓方案仅能使 5 4%的ＡＭＩ获得充分再灌注 ,溶栓后血管再闭塞率为 8 0 %～13 5 % ,出血并发症仍存在 ,尤其颅内出血为 0 3 %～ 1%。如何提高溶栓疗效、降低副反应仍是当前倍受关注的课题。现将这方面的一些进展综述如下。1　溶栓适应证在扩大　　溶栓病例选择在 1996年中华心血管病杂志编委会制定的参考方案基础上有…     

溶栓疗法在初发急性心肌梗死中的应用

目的 :调查初发急性心肌梗死 （AMI）溶栓疗法的应用现状及近期疗效。方法 :总结我院 1996 - 0 1～ 1999- 0 8期间所有确诊初发 AMI患者的临床资料 ,发病超过 2 4h入院、外院转来、心内膜下心梗、再梗患者除外。结果 :2 0 2例初发 AMI患者中 ,148例 （73.3% ）符合溶栓适应证 ,132例 （6 5 .3% ）应用溶栓疗法 ,36例 （2 4.3% ）未溶栓 （16例 ）或溶栓药物剂量不足 （2 0例 ）。 70例未溶栓患者中 ,发病—入院 >12 h、符合适应证而未予溶栓、溶栓禁忌、入院心电图不能确诊 AMI的比例分别为 6 0 .0 % ,2 2 .8% ,8.6 %和 8.6 %。溶栓组住院期间病死率显著低于未溶栓组（6 .1% vs15 .7% ,P<0 .0 5 ） ,其中再通组病死率显著低于未通组 （2 .3% vs2 0 .8% ,P<0 .0 1）。结论 :尽管溶栓疗法改善了 AMI的近期预后 ,但合理应用溶栓疗法的比例仍有待提高 ,患者入院过迟、溶栓治疗不积极是溶栓疗法应用偏低的主要原因。     

Outcomes of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in women

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in women older than 50 years of age. Thrombolytic therapy substantially reduces mortality in both women and men with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. However, the mortality risk reduction is somewhat lower in women, in spite of similar rates of successful coronary reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy in women and men. Hemorrhagic complications including stroke and other major bleeding appear to be more common in women, particularly elderly women. The risk of reinfarction after thrombolytic therapy also is greater in women compared with men. Because of the higher complication rates, women should be monitored closely after thrombolytic therapy. However, this lifesaving treatment should not be withheld or delayed in women when indicated.     

Systemic embolization following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction

We describe a patient with acute inferior myocardial infarction who developed a "saddle" aortic embolus during streptokinase infusion. Three months previously, this patient had sustained an anterior infarction, and an apical aneurysm was found. This patient's embolus had most probably originated from a left ventricular mural thrombus that had been dislodged by streptokinase. As fibrinolytic treatment is gaining wide acceptance, physicians should be aware of this rare, but possible, complication.