胫骨与跟腱同步弹性延长器的设计与临床应用

目的　探讨胫骨与跟腱同步延长器在预防Ilizarov胫骨延长并发马蹄足中的作用。方法　在Ilizarov环形胫骨延长器的基础上设计了新型胫骨与跟腱同步延长器。胫骨延长器由远近各两个钢环和 4个延长杆组成 ;跟腱牵伸器由 1个半环、两侧的铰链关节和一个套有弹簧牵伸杆组成 ,并与胫骨延长器远端的钢环连接在一起。跟腱牵伸器的半环以两根交叉钢针固定在跟骨上 ,胫腓骨截骨的上下端、踝关节、跟距关节被固定在一个延长器上 ,使胫骨与小腿软组织包括跟腱在延长过程中获得同步相同张力的牵伸 ,踝关节尚能做主被动伸屈运动 ,患肢在延长过程中可以负重。如术前有较重的垂足畸形 ,术中可将跟腱施行闭合切开滑行延长 ;若术前马蹄畸形 <2 0° ,仅通过跟腱牵伸即可矫正。应用胫骨与跟腱弹性同步延长器治疗下肢不等长患者 77例。结果　 77例小腿平均延长 4 6cm ,平均延长速度 0 7mm/d ,延长骨的骨愈合指数 1 35个月 /cm ,所有患者皆未出现足下垂、内翻、外翻等畸形。 16例患者术前合并 10°～ 4 5°的足下垂畸形 ,胫骨延长后亦获同期矫正。结论　胫骨与跟腱同步延长器构型符合生物力学原理 ,可有效地解决胫骨延长术后常见的足下垂、内翻、外翻等并发症。     

微创跟腱延长术联合系统康复治疗跟腱挛缩畸形

目的:分析微创跟腱延长术联合系统康复治疗跟腱挛缩患者的疗效和可行性。方法:2002年1月至2010年12月选择性地采用微创跟腱延长术联合系统康复治疗跟腱挛缩27例(31足),男11例,女16例;年龄3～65岁,平均35.5岁;右足13例,左足10例,双足4例;病程1～5年,平均2.3年。挛缩原因:胫骨骨折髓内钉治疗术后7足,小腿骨筋膜室综合征后遗症11足,先天性马蹄内翻足13足(双足4例)。手术前患者行走跛行,足跟落地困难,跖屈畸形成15°～50°,平均35.5°。术前股四头肌肌力Ⅴ级27足,Ⅳ级4足;小腿三头肌肌力Ⅴ级24足,Ⅳ级7足。结果:27例全部随访,时间6～24个月,平均11.3个月。按照Arner-Lindholm疗效标准进行踝关节功能评定:优29足,良2足。随访期间未发现跟腱挛缩复发,断裂,感染等并发症。结论:微创跟腱延长术联合系统康复治疗跟腱挛缩操作简单、并发症少、复发率低,有利于患者彻底康复。股四头肌肌力或者小腿三头肌肌力经过术前康复治疗仍然低于Ⅲ级的患者不选择该手术。     

仿踝关节生理运动跟腱弹性牵伸器在小腿Ilizarov延长中的应用

[目的]研制模仿踝关节生理运动的跟腱弹性牵伸器.在小腿延长过程中和延长结束后其结构、功能对足踝关节运动的影响及足下垂并发症的预防进行观察总结.[方法]将1998 ～2008年小腿延长使用以往跟腱牵伸器的病例设为对照组,2008 ～2010年小腿延长使用踝关节仿生跟腱牵伸器的病例设为实验组,两组病情、手术方式、术后管理、延长速度、锻炼方法几近相同,治疗完成后(拆除外固定器),将两组病例足踝畸形、症状、功能及活动情况进行评分(根据Kofoed评分标准),将治疗结果采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行分析. [结果]评分:对照组(79.941±3.88)分,实验组(91.84±2.40)分,实验组病例踝关节活动功能情况明显优于对照组的病例.[结论]仿踝关节生理运动跟腱弹性牵伸器在小腿延长病例中,术中方便术者操作,术后方便患者功能锻炼,优于以往牵伸器,不仅有效地防止了小腿延长后常见的足下垂、内翻、外翻畸形,而且防止了踝关节僵硬并发症的出现.     

胫跖弹性牵引治疗踝关节跖屈挛缩

踝关节挛缩是胫腓骨、踝关节及其周围骨折与软组织损伤后常见的并发症 ,它严重影响患者的日常活动。 1997年～2 0 0 1年应用胫跖弹性牵引治疗踝关节僵直 4 5例 ,效果满意 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 4 5例中 ,男性 2 8例 ,女性 17例 ,年龄最大 70岁 ,最小 18岁 ,平均为 35岁。踝关节僵直的原因 :胫腓骨骨折内固定术后 ,石膏托外固定 8例 ,胫腓骨骨折外固定支架固定 19例 ,踝关节骨折伴踝关节周围软组织损伤 11例 ,跟腱断裂 7例 ,踝关节跖屈挛缩最大 5 0°,最小30°,平均 35° ,踝关节活动范围最小 10°,最大 30° ,平均17…     

骨赘清理结合Ilizarov关节牵伸术治疗中晚期踝关节炎

[目的]探讨骨赘清理结合Ilizarov关节牵伸术治疗中晚期踝关节炎的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2009年10月~2014年12月本科收治的9例中晚期踝关节炎的病例,女6例,男3例;年龄20~45岁,平均34.2岁。均为单侧发病。踝关节创伤病史5例,脊髓灰质炎后遗症足部矫形术后病史3例,无足部相关疾病史者1例。采用切开清除踝关节骨赘,然后安装术前已组装好的Ilizarov踝关节牵伸外固定器,术后逐渐牵伸并维持踝关节间隙5~8 mm负重行走。采用AOFAS踝-后足评分评价临床疗效。[结果]9例患者获得随访,末次随访时间为术后12~60个月,平均29.4个月。术后佩戴外固定器时间12~24周,平均16周。末次随访时AOFAS踝-后足评分76~89分,平均(81±7.2)分,较术前29~48分,平均(34.6±4.9)分,差异有统计学意义。未出现严重并发症。5例随访过程中出现轻中度外固定针道感染,给予局部酒精敷料包扎结合口服抗生素后控制。1例足跟固定针折断,未予特殊处理,拆除外固定装置时拔除。[结论]骨赘清理术结合Ilizarov关节牵伸术治疗中晚期踝关节炎是一种简单有效的方法,创伤小,能延缓关节置换或踝关节融合时间。     

带关节外固定架在高能量Pilon骨折治疗中的应用

目的介绍应用带关节外固定架治疗高能量Pilon骨折的经验,并评估其疗效。方法2001年3～6月,12例患者13处Pilon骨折接受了Orthofix公司单侧带关节超踝关节外固定架结合有限内固定治疗。致伤原因以车祸和高处坠落伤为主。该支架远端螺钉固定于距骨颈和跟骨,近端螺钉固定于胫骨骨折近端,使踝关节能以距下关节为中心活动。术后2周松动关节开始踝关节功能锻炼。结果12例患者随访10～13个月,平均随访12个月。临床疗效满意,无切口、伤口及钉道感染,无神经、血管损伤等并发症。踝关节症状和功能评分(Teeny&Wiss评分法)为74～94分,平均87分。踝关节临床结果为2个优秀,7个良好,4个一般。踝关节骨折复位情况(Marsh踝关节骨折复位评分法)为7个优良,6个中等。踝关节背伸-5°～18°,平均10°(健侧18°);跖屈20°～35°,平均26°(健侧36°);距下关节内翻4°～20°,平均10°(健侧14°);外翻0°~10°,平均3°(健侧10°)。结论带关节外固定架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折可避免伤口并发症和骨不连的发生,能更好地恢复关节面的解剖关系,有利于踝关节早期活动,避免关节僵硬,是治疗高能量Pilon骨折较好的方法。     

小切口微创治疗新鲜跟腱断裂

[目的]探讨通过小切口应用跟腱缝合引导器微创治疗新鲜跟腱断裂的临床效果.[方法]2006年3月-2008年3月,通过小切口应用跟腱缝合引导器微创治疗连续的26例新鲜跟腱断裂病人,术后早期功能锻练.男24例,女2例.年龄22～58岁,平均37.6岁.24例获得12～36个月(平均21个月)的随访.采用美国足与踝关节协会(AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分标准进行评分,测量双侧小腿最大周径及跟腱断裂平面的周径,询问恢复工作及伤前体育活动的时间.[结果]无跟腱再断裂、切口表浅或深部感染、皮缘坏死等并发症.腓肠神经支配区皮肤感觉正常.AOFAS 平均得分为97分(86～100分).23例恢复伤前工作与学习,恢复工作时间平均为10周(4～20周).24例均恢复伤前体育活动,恢复伤前体育活动时间平均为20周(18～24周).小腿最大周径伤侧较对侧平均减少0.4 cm(0.2～0.8 cm),跟腱断裂平面周径伤侧较对侧平均增粗0.5 cm(0.3～0.7 cm).[结论]应用跟腱缝合引导器微创修复新鲜跟腱断裂结合早期功能锻练可得到满意的临床效果,可较早恢复伤前状态,有较少的并发症.     

Ilizarov外固定支架牵伸微创治疗瘢痕性足踝部畸形北大核心CSCD

目的探讨Ilizarov外固定支架牵伸微创治疗瘢痕性足踝部畸形的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2012年2月采用Ilizarov外固定支架牵伸微创治疗且获完整随访的15例瘢痕性足踝部畸形患者资料,均为男性;年龄24～56岁,平均38．5岁;左侧6例,右侧9例。均为僵硬型瘢痕挛缩足踝部挛缩畸形。4例跟行足样背屈畸形患者背屈范围为20°-30°,平均24．3°;11例马蹄足样跖屈畸形患者跖屈范围为20°-50°,平均30．2°。个体化设计、组装Ilizarov外固定支架牵伸器,5例结合有限软组织松解术,3例行踝关节融合术。术后牵伸速度≤1mm／d,分4—6次完成。足踝部畸形完全矫正后保留外固定支架6～8周。结果15例患者术后获8个月至6年（平均28．0个月）随访。15例患者足踝部畸形矫正后达到踝关节中立位（0°位）,较术前平均改善29．4°,踝关节活动范围平均为15．1°。无神经、血管损伤等严重并发症发生,行走功能明显改善。2例患者足踝部畸形完全矫正后部分复发。3例患者踝关节融合术后获骨性愈合。按美国足与踝关节协会踝与后足功能评分标准评定疗效：优5例,良8例,可1例,差1例。结论利用Ilizarov外固定支架牵伸微创治疗瘢痕性足踝部畸形,不仅能够有效矫正足踝部复杂、多样畸形,而且可避免切开松解延长术后出现的瘢痕皮肤缺损、坏死、伤口不愈合及感染等问题。     

膝关节牵伸技术治疗先天性多发性关节挛缩症屈膝畸形

目的　探讨用膝关节牵伸技术 (Ilizarov)治疗先天性多发性关节挛缩症屈膝畸形的方法及疗效。方法　 1998年 8月至 2 0 0 3年 2月收治先天性多发性关节挛缩症 6例 ,其中双膝 4例 ,共 10个膝关节。男 5例 ,女 1例 ,年龄 3岁 7个月至 13岁 ,平均年龄 8岁 2个月。术前屈膝畸形程度平均5 1° ,合并肢体其它部位畸形 13个。应用改良Ilizarov膝关节牵伸器 ,手术安装牵伸器时 ,应维持膝关节于最大伸展位 ,牵伸器的关节铰链对准膝关节的旋转中心 ,于膝上下股骨和胫骨各穿 2组 2mm克氏针与牵伸器上下的钢环固定。术后 5d旋转延长膝后的螺纹牵伸杆 ,第 1周 2～ 3mm/d ,第 2周后改成 1～ 2mm/d ,直至达到膝关节伸直到 0°位。合并髋、足关节畸形者 ,同期或第二期实施手术矫正。本组术后膝关节牵伸时间 2 3～ 4 8d ,平均 37d ,治疗期间患肢可负重锻炼 ,停止牵伸 2周后拆牵伸器再装支具行走。结果　 10个膝关节屈曲畸形完全矫正 ,无严重并发症 ,其中 9个膝术后随访平均 1年 3个月 ,畸形无复发 ,患者行走功能显著改善。结论　Ilizarov技术治疗先天性多发性关节挛缩症屈膝畸形 ,方法简单、安全 ,效果确实 ,符合生物学原理和微创外科的原则     

新型Ilizarov膝关节牵伸器的研制和临床应用

目的 :探讨用Ilizarov微创技术矫正各种类型膝关节屈曲畸形。方法 :在Ilizarov牵伸器基础上 ,研制了新型膝关节牵伸器 ;包括股骨、胫骨骨外固定器 ,并在膝关节两侧由关节铰链连接。术中安装时确定膝关节伸屈的旋转中心 ,用于伸缩的带弹簧牵伸杆安装在膝后的上下两个钢环上 ,手术中将牵伸器用 2mm克氏针交叉穿股骨和胫骨于膝关节中央 ,术后逐渐旋转牵伸杆 ,膝关节软骨面在避免挤压的情况下慢慢伸直。结果 :2 7例 3 0个膝关节 ,术后平均牵伸时间 5 8d ( 18d～ 10个月 ) ,全部病例膝关节伸直皆达到矫形需要的要求 ,未发生影响治疗效果的并发症。结论 :新型Ilizarov膝关节牵伸器的研制和临床应用技术 ,开辟了一条微创、简便、安全治疗屈膝挛缩的有效方法 ,能够矫正用传统手术难以治疗的严重膝关节屈曲僵直畸形     

Achilles tendon lengthening for ankle equinus deformity in hemophiliacs: 23 patients followed for 1-24 years

BACKGROUND: Bleeding in the calf or ankle joint may lead to ankle equinus deformity, particularly in childhood and during adolescence. We assessed the long-term functional and radiographic results after Achilles tendon lengthening for ankle equinus deformity in hemophiliacs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1975 and 1986, 30 hemophilic patients with pes equinus were surgically managed by Achilles tendon lengthening. Of these, 23 were followed up prospectively twice a year for an average of 13 (1-24) years. The mean age at operation was 29 (12-46) years. The clinical results were documented according to the score of the Advisory Committee of the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH), while radio-graphs were evaluated using the Pettersson score. On average, preoperative ankle equinus deformity was 21 (5-55) degrees. Mean range of motion was 21 (5-42) degrees prior to surgery. RESULTS: At the first postoperative examination 1 year after surgery, 21/23 cases were improved, and 9/21 reached dorsiflexion to at least neutral position. At the last follow-up, ankle equinus deformity was 10 (4-20) degrees on average. 20/23 patients still showed significant improvement compared to their condition before surgery. 7 patients still had complete correction of the equinus deformity, while mean range of motion decreased constantly over the observation period. The clinical score was significantly improved 1 year after surgery and diminished only slightly afterwards. Radio-graphic outcome deteriorated, with scores rising from 4.3 (1-10) points preoperatively to 7.3 (3-12) points at last follow-up. INTERPRETATION: Most patients treated for hemophilic pes equinus by Achilles tendon lengthening experienced long-term benefit concerning the equinus deformity, but gradually lost overall movement of the ankle joint. Progression of the ankle arthropathy cannot be hindered.     

Achillon微创跟腱吻合器治疗急性跟腱断裂的疗效观察

背景:急性跟腱断裂是一种常见的运动损伤,微创治疗由于其创伤小、并发症少等而日渐被关注。目的:观察应用Achillon微创跟腱吻合器治疗急性跟腱断裂的临床效果。方法:对2010年7月至2011年7月在我院采用Achillon跟腱吻合器治疗的21例急性跟腱断裂患者进行随访。男19例,女2例,年龄19～54岁,平均31.7岁。根据美国骨科协会足踝外科分会(AOFAS)标准评价踝关节功能;观察有无手术并发症,同时调查患者满意度。结果:21例患者均获得随访,时间12～24个月,平均18个月。所有伤口愈合良好,无感染、腓肠肌神经损伤、跟腱再断裂等发生。AOFAS标准评分为88～98分,平均为93.2分,患者满意度高。结论:Achillon微创跟腱吻合器能够有效治疗急性跟腱断裂,具有对合良好、对跟腱局部血供影响小、创伤小、功能恢复快等优点。     

自制器械辅助微创手术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的疗效分析

目的观察应用自制器械辅助微创手术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2017-05—2018-12应用自制器械辅助微创手术治疗的9例陈旧性跟腱断裂,术中将自制器械由卵圆孔端置入皮下组织与腱周组织间隙辅助改良Bunnell缝合法完成对跟腱断端缝合操作。末次随访时采用Arner-Lindholm评分标准对踝关节功能进行评价。结果本组手术时间(31.0±5.9)min,切口长度(3.5±0.6)cm。9例均获得随访,随访时间平均14.1(12~18)个月。术后1例出现切口皮缘部分坏死,经换药后愈合并于术后18 d拆线,其余患者切口均一期愈合。所有患者均无排异反应、腓肠神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。术后12个月随访时采用Arner-Lindholm评分标准评价踝关节功能:优6例,良2例,可1例。结论采用自制器械辅助微创手术治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂具有手术时间短、切口小、术后并发症少、踝关节功能恢复好等优点,临床疗效满意,值得推广应用。     

Achilles tendon lengthening for ankle equinus deformity in hemophiliacs: 23 patients followed for 1–24 years

Background?Bleeding in the calf or ankle joint may lead to ankle equinus deformity, particularly in childhood and during adolescence. We assessed the long-term functional and radiographic results after Achilles tendon lengthening for ankle equinus deformity in hemophiliacs.

Patients and methods?Between 1975 and 1986, 30 hemophilic patients with pes equinus were surgically managed by Achilles tendon lengthening. Of these, 23 were followed up prospectively twice a year for an average of 13 (1–24) years. The mean age at operation was 29 (12–46) years. The clinical results were documented according to the score of the Advisory Committee of the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH), while radio-graphs were evaluated using the Pettersson score. On average, preoperative ankle equinus deformity was 21 (5–55) degrees. Mean range of motion was 21 (5–42) degrees prior to surgery.

Results?At the first postoperative examination 1 year after surgery, 21/23 cases were improved, and 9/21 reached dorsiflexion to at least neutral position. At the last follow-up, ankle equinus deformity was 10 (4–20) degrees on average. 20/23 patients still showed significant improvement compared to their condition before surgery. 7 patients still had complete correction of the equinus deformity, while mean range of motion decreased constantly over the observation period. The clinical score was significantly improved 1 year after surgery and diminished only slightly afterwards. Radio-graphic outcome deteriorated, with scores rising from 4.3 (1–10) points preoperatively to 7.3 (3–12) points at last follow-up.

Interpretation?Most patients treated for hemophilic pes equinus by Achilles tendon lengthening experienced long-term benefit concerning the equinus deformity, but gradually lost overall movement of the ankle joint. Progression of the ankle arthropathy cannot be hindered.??     

The relationship between passive ankle plantar flexion joint torque and gastrocnemius muscle and achilles tendon stiffness: implications for flexibility

STUDY DESIGN: Experimental laboratory study. OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that the muscle fibers and the connective tendinous structures, combined in series, provide the resistance to passive joint movement at the ankle. We also determined the relative association between passive joint torque and each of these 2 elements. BACKGROUND: The reason for individual variation in joint flexibility or tightness is not clearly understood, but the influence of musculotendinous stiffness has been inferred. METHODS AND MEASURES: Each of the subjects (6 women and 6 men) was seated with the right knee extended and right ankle positioned at a 30 degrees , 20 degrees , 10 degrees , 0 degrees , -10 degrees , -20 degrees , and -30 degrees (0, neutral position, positive values reflecting plantar flexion) angle while passive plantar flexion torque was measured. The distal muscle-tendon junction of the medial gastrocnemius was visualized by ultrasonography, and its positional change was defined as muscle belly length change. The whole muscle-tendon unit length change was estimated from joint angle changes, from which Achilles tendon length change was estimated. RESULTS: Both the muscle belly and tendon were significantly elongated as the ankle was dorsiflexed (at 0 degrees the mean +/- SD muscle belly elongation was 10.3% +/- 1.8 %, and the tendon elongation was 2.8% +/- 1.2 %, of the initial length at 30 degrees of ankle plantar flexion), from which stiffness indices were determined both for muscle belly and tendon. The passive torque at 0 degrees , -10 degrees , -20 degrees , and -30 degrees was significantly correlated with the stiffness indices of the Achilles tendon (at 0 degrees , r2 = 0.70 and 0.62 for overall and specific stiffness, respectively; P<.05). A tendon stiffness index, separately obtained from tendon lengthening during maximal isometric contraction, was also correlated with passive ankle plantar flexion torque at 0 degrees , -10 degrees , -20 degrees , and -30 degrees (at 0 degrees , r2 = 0.76; P<.05). The specific stiffness index of the muscle belly was correlated (r2 = 0.47, P<.05) with the passive ankle plantar flexion torque at 0 degrees , but its overall stiffness index was not (r2 = 0.32, P>.05). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that extensibility of the muscle-tendon unit of the Achilles tendon for the most part is related to passive ankle plantar flexion joint torque.     

An analysis of skin perfusion over the achilles tendon in varying degrees of plantarflexion

Delayed wound healing and, less commonly, wound breakdown are significant complications following open Achilles tendon repair. Skin perfusion over the Achilles tendon may be reduced when the ankle is plantarflexed. The aim of this study was to analyse skin perfusion over the Achilles tendon with the ankle in varying degrees of plantarflexion in 20 volunteers. Skin perfusion was determined by measuring the transcutaneous skin oxygen pressure (tcPO2) using the Novametrix TcO2M 860 monitor. Measurements were taken at the medial edge of the Achilles tendon in 20 volunteers. Skin perfusion was maximal with the ankle plantarflexed to 20 degrees. With plantarflexion beyond this skin perfusion was reduced. At 40 degrees plantarflexion skin perfusion was reduced by up to 49% (mean 35%, range 27% to 49%). We conclude plantarflexion beyond 20 degrees reduces skin perfusion in the region of the Achilles tendon. Though this study was performed on non-operated cases, and is thus limited, the findings may have clinical implications with regard to cast position following Achilles tendon repair.     

Effect of ankle and knee position on tension in the Achilles tendon

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of ankle and knee position to tension in the Achilles tendon and to determine whether there exists a position of plantarflexion at which the passive tensioning effect of knee extension is eliminated. Seven matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaver lower extremities were tested. A buckle transducer was used to measure forces in the tendon throughout the full range of knee motion, with the hindfoot fixed. Positioning the hindfoot in 20 degrees to 25 degrees of plantarflexion effectively eliminates tension in the Achilles tendon, regardless of knee position. This information is directly applicable both to the nonoperative treatment of ruptures of the Achilles tendon employing a short leg cast and to surgical repairs, in which tension must be controlled precisely.     

微创手术与传统手术治疗急性跟腱断裂的比较研究

背景：急性跟腱断裂的临床治疗方案目前尚存争议,微创治疗因为切口相关并发症较少而逐渐被应用于临床,而微创手术与传统手术治疗急性跟腱断裂的比较性研究较少。目的：比较应用跟腱龙（Achillon）跟腱吻合器与Krachow法跟腱端端吻合术治疗急性闭合性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。方法：回顾性研究2009年3月至2011年12月收治的急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者146例,其中37例应用Achillon跟腱吻合器治疗,为微创手术组,男26例,女11例,年龄19~64岁,平均41.6岁;53例应用Krachow法跟腱端端吻合术治疗,为传统手术组,男36例,女17例,年龄21~67岁,平均43.5岁。比较两组患者的切口愈合时间、并发症发生率、踝关节活动度、单足提踵试验结果及整体满意率,并通过美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝与后足评分进行疗效评估。结果：微创手术组37例和传统手术组53例全部获得随访,随访时间为14~57个月,平均32.9个月。微创手术组的再断裂率与传统手术组比较无统计学差异（5.4%vs.1.9%,P=0.38）;传统手术组的伤口延迟愈合率显著高于微创手术组（17.6%vs.0%,P〈0.01）。两组患者的单足提踵试验阳性率（16.2%vs.11.3%）、踝关节活动度减小率（18.9%vs.17.0%）、整体满意率（83.8%vs.71.7%）均无统计学差异。两组患者的AOFAS踝与后足评分的各项指标和总分比较均无统计学差异。结论：Achillon跟腱吻合器治疗跟腱断裂可有效降低切口相关并发症发生率,且未增加跟腱再断裂率,跟腱功能与Krachow法跟腱端端吻合术无统计学差异。     

Effect of Ankle Motion and Tensile Stress at the Achilles Tendon on the Contact Pressure Between the Achilles Tendon and the Calcaneus

Impingement between the Achilles tendon and the posterosuperior prominence of the calcaneus is considered to be a cause of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. The corresponding treatment intends to reduce tensile stress from calf muscles and avoid hyper-dorsiflexion of the ankle joint for decreasing the contact pressure; however, no study has reported on whether these treatments can decrease impingement. Thus, this study investigated the hypothesis that the tensile stress of the Achilles tendon and ankle motion affect the contact pressure between the Achilles tendon and the posterosuperior prominence of the calcaneus. Six fresh-frozen cadaveric lower leg specimens were procured. Each specimen was set to a custom foot-loading frame and loaded with a ground reaction force of 40 N and a tensile load of 70 N along the Achilles tendon. The contact pressure between the Achilles tendon and the posterosuperior prominence of the calcaneus was measured using a miniature pressure sensor under different tensile loadings of the Achilles tendon at the neutral ankle position. Similarly, the contact pressures during the ankle motion from a neutral position to maximum dorsiflexion were measured. The tensile load of the Achilles tendon and ankle motion affected the contact pressure between the Achilles tendon and the posterosuperior prominence of the calcaneus. The contact pressure increased with tensile load or ankle dorsiflexion. Conditions with increasing the tensile load of the Achilles tendon or under ankle dorsiflexion increase the contact pressure between the Achilles tendon and the posterosuperior prominence of the calcaneus.     

The effect of ankle position on the static tension in the Achilles tendon before and after operative repair: a biomechanical cadaver study

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that there no need to position the foot in plantarflexion after operative repair of an Achilles tendon rupture. METHODS: In five fresh cadaver lower extremity specimens, the static tension in the Achilles tendon was measured as the ankle was sequentially dorsiflexed from 30, to 20, to 10, to 0 degrees of plantarflexion. The tendon was then transected and repaired using a modified Krakow locking loop suture technique. The tension in the tendon was again measured as the foot was sequentially dorsiflexed through the same range of motion: 30, to 20, to 10, to 0 degrees. The repair was then tensile tested to failure. RESULTS: The intact Achilles tendons generated on average 10 N, 10 N, 15.8 N and 31.9.0 N of tension at 30, 20, 10, and 0 degrees of plantarflexion, respectively. After a modified Krakow locking loop repair, the tension across the repair site was 10 N, 11.46 N, 18.4 N, and 30.3 N at 30, 20, 10, and 0 degrees of plantarflexion. Thus, moving the ankle from 30 degrees to neutral placed an additional force of 21.9 N on the intact tendon and 20.3 N on the repaired tendon. The mean tensile strength of the modified Krakow repair was 598.6 N (range 167 1129 N). CONCLUSIONS: The tension in the repaired tendon at neutral position is only a small percentage (6.4%) of the strength of the tendon when operatively repaired by a modified Krakow locking loop suture technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results suggest that the ankle joint does not have to be positioned in plantarflexion after operative repair using the described technique.