恶性肿瘤患者握力的影响因素分析

目的探讨恶性肿瘤患者握力的影响因素,以期为握力在恶性肿瘤患者营养评估中的应用奠定基础。方法采用横断面调查研究方法,收集广西省某三级甲等医院肿瘤内科156例恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料,并测量其握力水平、人体测量学指标及实验室指标,使用营养风险筛查-2002(Nutritional Risk Screening-2002,NRS2002)进行营养风险评分,Pearson相关分析握力与营养相关人体测量学指标、实验室指标及NRS2002营养评分的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析恶性肿瘤患者握力的影响因素。结果 Pearson相关分析结果显示,恶性肿瘤患者握力水平与身高、体质量、体质指数、臂围、小腿围、血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、血肌酐呈正相关(P0.05),与NRS2002营养评分呈负相关(P0.05);多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、血清白蛋白及NRS2002营养评分进入回归方程,共解释总变异的66.7%(P0.05)。结论性别、年龄、血清白蛋白及NRS2002营养评分情况是恶性肿瘤患者握力的影响因素。     

腹膜透析患者握力与营养相关性分析

目的分析腹膜透析患者握力与其他营养指标间的关联,以明确握力测量在评估腹膜透析后患者营养状态的应用前景。方法收集53例腹膜透析患者的年龄、透析龄、BMI、握力测量数据、人体测量数据、营养评估数据及血生化指标数据,对握力与其他各项指标间关系进行相关性分析。结果腹膜透析患者的握力平均为(25.71±10.84)kg,握力与性别、年龄、BMI、营养评分、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂围、上臂肌围、血白蛋白、血红蛋白、血肌酐具有相关关系(P<0.05)。结论腹膜透析患者握力随着年龄、透析龄及营养状况的改变而改变,握力测量数据能反映营养状态。     

不同年龄段血液透析患者营养状况的比较及护理对策

目的探讨不同年龄段血液透析患者的营养状况，分析出现营养状况差异的原因。方法将109例血透患者根据年龄分为青年组（n=26）、中年组（n=49）、老年组（n=34），测量身体指标、血生化指标、饮食调查结果、握力、主观综合评估结果，比较三组患者的营养指标及关联。结果三组患者的小腿围、前白蛋白、血肌酐、握力、SGA评分等差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），且该5个因素均与年龄呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。结论随着年龄增长，血液透析患者的营养状况存在下降趋势，护理人员有必要针对年长患者进行定期营养监测和干预，防止营养不良的发生。     

维持性血液透析患者营养评估和人体成分分析

目的调查维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者的营养现状、人体成分分布及其影响因素。方法选择MHD患者123例,应用人体成分检测仪(body composition monitoring,BCM)、人体测量和生化指标评估患者营养和人体成分分布。结果 36.6%的MHD患者存在营养不良。营养不良组患者瘦组织指数(1ean tissue index,LTI)显著低于营养良好组(11.598±2.700比12.958±2.531,t=-2.801,P=0.006)。超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)升高是患者低瘦组织指数的独立危险因素(OR=2.431,95%CI=1.136~5.201,P=0.022);而握力是瘦组织指数的保护因素(OR=0.219,95%CI=0.097~0.497,P0.001)。结论营养不良MHD患者的人体成分表现为瘦组织量不足。瘦组织量的下降可能与炎症有关;握力可作为MHD患者肌肉量下降的监测指标。     

口服营养补充对血透患者营养状况以及临床结局的影响

目的探讨口服营养补充对血液透析患者营养状况及临床结局的影响。方法选取62例营养不良血液透析患者,随机分成2组各31例。对照组进食普通食物,观察口服怡透轻,比较2组营养状况、生化指标及并发症发生情况。结果2组治疗前生化指标水平及人体测量指标相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)均显著高于对照组,C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平显著低于对照组,体质量、体质量指数(BMI)及握力等人体测量指标水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组透析期间与透析后相关并发症发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论口服营养补充可改善血透患者营养状况,减少透析不适感,提高透析耐受性,改善机体微炎症,减少并发症,提高生存率。     

握力与NRS 2002在恶性肿瘤患者营养风险筛查中的对比研究

目的比较握力与营养风险筛查2002(nutritional risk screening 2002, NRS2002)在恶性肿瘤患者营养风险筛查中的效果。方法选取广西某三级甲等医院肿瘤内科恶性肿瘤住院患者339例,测量其握力水平、人体测量学指标及实验室指标,采用NRS 2002进行营养风险筛查,比较握力与NRS 2002的筛查结果,并对握力及NRS 2002的筛查结果进行一致性检验。结果握力、NRS 2002的营养风险检出率分别为44.2%、38.9%;以握力作为筛查指标时,不同营养状况组间年龄、身高、体质量、BMI、臂围、小腿围、血红蛋白、前白蛋白、白蛋白之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);以NRS 2002进行评估时,不同营养状况组间的年龄、体质量、BMI、臂围、小腿围、血红蛋白、前白蛋白、白蛋白之间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);握力与NRS 2002筛查结果的一致性检验差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),Kappa值为0.576。结论握力与NRS2002的营养筛查结果具有中等一致性,但握力测量简单、方便、快捷,可考虑将握力与NRS 2002一起作为恶性肿瘤患者营养风险筛查的工具,提高营养筛查的广泛性及准确性。     

维持性血液透析病人握力下降现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解维持性血液透析(MHD)病人握力下降情况及其影响因素.方法:采用便利抽样法选取某血液透析培训基地的198例MHD病人作为研究对象,应用一般情况调查表、握力测试器、Fried衰弱表型(FP)、透析客观营养评价法(OSND)对病人进行调查,应用单因素Logistic回归分析和多因素Logistic回归分析探索MHD病人握力下降的影响因素.结果:MHD病人握力水平为(23.11±9.26)kg,其中男性为(26.66±9.55)kg,女性为(18.40±6.33)kg,握力下降率为42.4％(84/198).多因素Logictic回归分析表明男性、透析不充分、营养不良、衰弱和活动量下降是MHD病人握力下降的主要危险因素(模型似然比χ2=150.560,P<0.001).结论:MHD病人握力水平不佳,男性病人更易发生握力下降,临床应加强病人透析充分性指标、营养情况和衰弱状态的监测,鼓励病人进行一定强度的运动.     

握力在老年糖尿病肾病病人营养评估中的应用价值

[目的]探讨握力在老年糖尿病肾病病人营养状况中的应用价值。[方法]随机选取142例年龄≥65岁的老年糖尿病肾病病人,测量其握力及生化指标,全面评估糖尿病肾病病人的营养状态,并对其握力的测量结果进行比较。[结果]老年糖尿病肾病病人握力水平与身高、体重、臀围、清蛋白、血红蛋白、24 h尿量呈正相关(P0. 05),与血肌酐、尿素氮、24 h尿蛋白呈负相关(P0. 05)。有营养不良风险的病人与无营养不良风险病人的握力水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。[结论]握力测量是一种简单、经济、无创的营养评估工具,可以结合其他营养指标对老年糖尿病肾病病人进行营养状况的评估。     

腹膜透析患者血清白蛋白水平影响因素分析

目的通过对持续性非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者的研究,探讨影响患者血清白蛋白(Alb)水平的可能因素。方法选择北京大学第一医院腹膜透析中心217例患者,按照其血清白蛋白水平分为两组:Alb≤35g/L组和Alb>35g/L组,分析血清白蛋白与其它营养指标之间的关系及其影响因素。结果血清白蛋白水平与握力、血肌酐显著相关,营养不良的患者血清白蛋白显著降低。多因素回归分析发现血清C-反应蛋白、容量状态、合并症、年龄对血清白蛋白水平有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论本研究发现血清白蛋白水平与营养指标密切相关,但除营养指标之外的一些因素也可显著影响血清白蛋白水平,这包括炎症、体内液体容量负荷过多、合并症等等。因此,在将血清白蛋白作为评估患者营养状态时应注意排除这些因素的影响。     

维持性血液透析患者的营养状况及其影响因素

目的了解维持性血液透析患者的营养状况及其影响因素,以提高患者的生活质量和降低病死率。方法采用主观综合营养评估结合实验室生化指标及人体测量指标对66例维持性血液透析患者的营养状况进行综合评价,并观察患者蛋白质摄入量、透析充分性、透析龄、炎症状态及重组人促红细胞生成素（recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO）的使用对其营养状况的影响。结果 66例血液透析患者中营养良好者39例（59.1%）,轻、中度营养不良者21例（31.8%）,重度营养不良者6例（9.1%）,总体营养不良的发生率为40.9%。各营养状况组之间血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肌酐、三头肌皮褶厚度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;营养良好组蛋白质摄入量和标准蛋白代谢率高于营养不良组（均P〈0.01）;透析充分、透析龄短于6个月、无慢性炎症及应用rhEPO的患者营养不良的发生率较低。结论血液透析患者营养不良的发生率较高,其发生与蛋白质摄入不足、透析不充分、透析龄较长、发生慢性炎症以及未应用rhEPO等因素有关。     

中老年2型糖尿病患者握力与人体测量指标及血清蛋白含量的相关性研究

目的观察中老年2型糖尿病患者的手部握力与身高、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围及血清白蛋白、总蛋白的相关关系,探讨握力在评价中老年2型糖尿病患者营养状况中的作用。方法随机选取451名年龄≥40岁的2型糖尿病患者,分别测量其身高、体质量、腰围及左右手握力,并计算BMI,同时抽取早晨空腹血样检验血清白蛋白和总蛋白的含量,分析握力与身高、体质量、BMI、腰围及血清白蛋白、总蛋白的相关关系。结果中老年2型糖尿病患者左、右手握力与身高、体质量、BMI、腰围及血清白蛋白的含量呈正相关(P0.01,P0.05),右手握力与总蛋白含量呈正相关(P0.05),而左手握力与总蛋白含量的相关性无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中老年2型糖尿病患者握力可以作为一种评估中老年2型糖尿病患者营养状况的初筛手段。     

Influence of fluid status on techniques used to assess body composition in peritoneal dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: A reliable assessment of nutritional state in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is of great importance. Nevertheless, techniques used to assess body composition in patients on PD may be affected by abnormalities in fluid status. The primary aim of the present study was to compare different techniques used to evaluate body composition and to assess the influence of fluid status on the assessment of body composition. The secondary aim was to assess the relevance of handgrip muscle strength in the nutritional evaluation of the patient. METHODS: In 40 PD patients, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (MF-BIA), and anthropometry were compared with respect to the evaluation of body composition [fat mass and lean body mass (LBM; by DEXA), and fat-free mass (FFM; by MF-BIA, anthropometry]. The influence of fluid status on the measurement of LBM/FFM by the various techniques was assessed by their relation to left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), assessed by echocardiography, and by estimating the ratio between extracellular water (ECW) and total body water (TBW), assessed by bromide and deuterium dilution, with LBM (DEXA). The relevance of handgrip muscle strength as a nutritional parameter was assessed by its relation to LBM and other nutritional parameters. RESULTS: Despite highly significant correlations, wide limits of agreement between the various techniques were present with respect to assessment of body composition (expressed as % body weight) and were most pronounced for anthropometry: LBM (DEXA) - FFM (MF-BIA) = 3.4% +/- 12.2%; LBM (DEXA) - FFM (anthropometry) = -5.7% +/- 7.8%; fat mass (DEXA - MF-BIA) = -4.2% +/- 7.9%; fat mass (DEXA - anthropometry) = 2.9% +/- 7.2%. The ratio between ECW and LBM (DEXA) was 0.36 +/- 0.08 L/kg (range 0.25 - 0.67 L/kg), and the ratio between TBW and LBM was 0.75 +/- 0.06 L/kg (range 0.63 - 0.86 L/kg), which shows the variability in hydration state of LBM/FFM between individual patients. LBM/FFM measured by all three techniques was significantly related to LVEDD, suggesting an important influence of hydration state on this parameter. Handgrip muscle strength was significantly related to LBM/FFM, as measured by all three techniques, but not to other nutritional parameters. CONCLUSION: Wide limits of agreement were found between various techniques used to assess body composition in PD patients. The assessment of body composition was strongly influenced by hydration state.The handgrip test is related to body composition, but not to other nutritional parameters.     

Handgrip strength dominance is associated with difference in forearm muscle size

[Purpose] It is unknown whether handgrip strength dominance is related to the size of the forearm flexor muscles. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between side-by-side differences in handgrip strength and forearm muscle thickness. [Subjects] Thirty-one young women (26 right handed and 5 left handed) between the ages of 20 and 33 years volunteered to participate. [Methods] Two muscle thicknesses (forearm-ulna and forearm-radius muscle thicknesses) were measured using B-mode ultrasound at the anterior forearm on both sides of the body. Handgrip strength was also measured on both sides. [Results] The side-by-side difference in handgrip strength was 10.2% for the right-handed group, meaning the right hand was stronger. However, the left hand of the left-handed group was 7.8% stronger compared with their right hand. There was a significant positive correlation between side-by-side differences in handgrip strength and forearm-ulna muscle thickness (r = 0.765) and between handgrip strength and forearm-radius muscle thickness (r = 0.622). [Conclusion] Our results indicate that side-by-side differences in forearm muscle size may strongly contribute to handgrip strength dominance.Key words: Handgrip strength, B-mode ultrasound, Muscle thickness     

小腿围在评估维持性血液透析患者骨骼肌质量下降中的效果研究

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者小腿围与骨骼肌质量指数、握力、步速的关系,分析小腿围在评估肌少症中的效果,为护理人员筛查维持性血液透析患者肌少症高危人群提供参考。方法 2020年5月—9月,采用便利抽样法,选取江苏省连云港市和徐州市2所三级甲等医院的613例维持性血液透析患者进行横断面研究,其中男379例,女234例。采用生物电阻抗法测量患者的骨骼肌质量指数,并进行握力、步速、小腿围等指标的测量。分析小腿围与骨骼肌质量指数、握力、步速之间的关系,采用受试者工作特征曲线得出小腿围的最佳截断值。 结果 小腿围与骨骼肌质量指数、握力、步速呈正相关。小腿围与骨骼肌质量下降的受试者工作特征曲线显示,男性小腿围的最佳截断值为32.7 cm（曲线下面积为0.909,灵敏度为0.889,特异度为0.799）;女性小腿围的最佳截断值为30.2 cm（曲线下面积为0.837,灵敏度为0.744,特异度为0.808）。小腿围与肌少症的受试者工作特征曲线显示,男性小腿围的最佳截断值为32.7 cm（曲线下面积为0.889,灵敏度为0.907,特异度为0.745）;女性小腿围的最佳截断值为29.7 cm（曲线下面积为0.844,灵敏度为0.766,特异度为0.797）。结论 维持性血液透析患者小腿围与骨骼肌质量指数、握力、步速均呈正相关,当男性<32.7 cm,女性<29.7 cm时,提示患者有可能存在骨骼肌质量下降及发生肌少症,护理人员可通过测量小腿围筛查维持性血液透析患者肌少症高危人群,早期采取预防性干预措施。     

Determinants of handgrip strength in free-living elderly at risk of malnutrition

PURPOSE: Handgrip strength is necessary for performing activities of daily living, which, in turn, are required to maintain functional autonomy. The purpose of this study was to determine anthropometric and personal factors that affect handgrip strength in a group of free-living elderly at risk of malnutrition. METHOD: The factors associated with handgrip strength (Pearson r, t-test, alpha = 0.10) were entered in a multiple linear regression model (n = 166) to identify the independent prediction factors. Reliability of the model was verified with a sub-group of 65 subjects randomly selected from the initial sample. RESULTS: Both groups were statistically similar regarding all factors studied even though the validation group (n = 65) had more men (32%) compared to the development group (n = 166; 22%). Bivariate analyses showed that handgrip strength was associated with sex, age, pain, hand circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Multiple linear regression analysis identified age, pain, and sex as independent determinants of handgrip strength (R2 = 0.16). This model predicted handgrip strength better in the validation group (R2 = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: As previously shown, women have a smaller handgrip strength than men. In addition, handgrip strength decreases with increasing age and the presence of pain. Emphasis should be placed on the importance of strategies to relieve pain in the free-living frail elderly population.     

Does handgrip exercise training increase forearm ischemic vasodilator responses in patients receiving hemodialysis?

In patients receiving hemodialysis, exercise capacity is extremely limited. Although vasodilation is one of the key phenomena for blood perfusion into working skeletal muscles during exercise, it is not clear whether the vasodilator capacity is increased after physical training in this population. We attempted to clarify whether handgrip exercise training increases forearm vasodilator responses to arterial occlusion, and to determine the relationship between muscle contraction function and the vasodilator responses in patients receiving hemodialysis. Eight patients and 7 age-matched healthy controls were tested. The patients participated in handgrip training four times a week for 6 weeks. Before and after the training the maximum muscle strength and endurance were measured with a handgrip dynamometer, and the forearm vasodilator responses to 3-minute arterial occlusion were measured by the near infrared spectroscopy technique. Maximum strength and endurance were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. Maximum strength (from 183+/-84 to 228+/-92 Newtons, p<0.05) and endurance (from 19+/-6 to 31+/-8 sec, p<0.05) were both increased after the training in the patients. Vasodilator responses estimated by the ratio of the maximum value of oxyhemoglobin after relief of arterial occlusion to its minimum value before the relief were significantly smaller in the patients compared with those in the controls (132+/-20 vs 161+/-27%, p<0.05). In contrast to the findings in muscle function, the decreased vasodilator responses were not improved after the training (141+/-17%). Additionally, no improvement in the vasodilator responses was observed in the parameters estimated by oxygen saturation. These data suggest that exercise capacity increased by physical training is produced by the functional improvement of skeletal muscles per se, but not by alterations in blood perfusion for oxygenation of the muscles in patients receiving hemodialysis.     

Handgrip strength test as a complementary tool in the assessment of fibromyalgia severity in women

Aparicio VA, Ortega FB, Heredia JM, Carbonell-Baeza A, Sjöström M, Delgado-Fernandez M. Handgrip strength test as a complementary tool in the assessment of fibromyalgia severity in women.

Objectives

To determine the ability of handgrip strength test to discriminate between presence and absence of fibromyalgia (FM) and FM severity in women.

Design

A case-control study.

Setting

Granada, south Spain.

Participants

Women with FM (mean age ± SD, n=81; 50.0±7y) and healthy women (mean age ± SD, n=44; 47.7±6y).

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Handgrip strength was measured in both hands (average score was used in the analyses) by a maximal isometric test using a hand dynamometer. Patients were classed as having moderate FM if the score in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was less than 70 and as having severe FM if the FIQ was 70 or greater.

Results

Handgrip strength levels were lower in patients with FM than healthy women (19.3 vs 27.9kg; P<.001) and in women with severe FM (FIQ≥70) compared with those with moderate FM (FIQ<70) (16.9 vs 20.2kg; P=.02). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that the handgrip strength threshold that best discriminated between the presence and absence of FM was 23.1kg (area under the curve [AUC]=.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–0.94; P<.001), whereas the handgrip strength threshold that best discriminate between severe and moderate FM was 16.9kg (AUC=.67; 95% CI, 0.53–0.80; P<.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that handgrip strength 23.1kg or less was associated with 33.8 times higher odds (95% CI, 9.4–121.5) for having FM after adjustment for age. In the FM group, handgrip strength 16.9kg or less was associated with 5.3 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.9–14.5) for having severe FM.

Conclusions

Handgrip strength is reduced in women with FM as well as those with severe FM from their peers with moderate FM. Identification of women who fail to meet the suggested standards can be a helpful and informative tool for clinician.     

Association between handgrip strength and cognitive impairment in elderly Koreans: a population-based cross-sectional study

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in elderly adults. [Subjects] Study participants included 2,982 adults (1,366 males and 1,616 females), aged 65 years or older. [Methods] This population-based cross-sectional study used the baseline database from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. [Results] The odds ratio for mild cognitive impairment showed a significant linear decrease in relation to the quartile of handgrip strength, independent of potential covariates, in both men and women. Moreover, after excluding incident cases of mild cognitive impairment, the results showed that greater handgrip strength was associated with higher cognitive function scores in the elderly. [Conclusion] The findings presented here suggest that handgrip strength is associated with a risk of mild cognitive impairment in the Korean elderly. Moreover, greater handgrip strength is associated with higher cognitive function in cognitively normal elderly individuals.Key words: Handgrip strength, Cognitive function, Elderly     

炎症及营养不良评分法在人工肾透析患者营养评估中的作用

背景：人工肾透析患者普遍存在营养不良,哪种整体营养评估方法更能准确反映患者的营养状况尚无定论。目的：比较3种营养评估方法在人工肾透析患者营养不良评估中的地位。方法：选择人工肾透析患者62例,分别应用主观整体营养评估SGA、改良定量主观营养评估MQSGA和营养不良炎症评分MIS进行营养评估,同时测定人体测量学指标及各种生化指标作为客观营养指标;按测定超敏C-反应蛋白水平分为升高组和正常组,比较两组各营养指标及营养评分有无差异,并进行Pearson相关分析与偏相关分析。结果与结论：升高组患者营养不良的程度较正常组严重,无论哪种评分法均值均表明两组患者存在不同程度的营养不良,但两组MIS评分值差异明显,说明MIS评分更能反应Ⅱ型营养不良患者的营养状态。无论采用Pearson相关分析,还是控制年龄、身高、体质量后的偏相关分析,MIS评分法与传统SGA和MQSGA法比较,均与更多主观、客观营养指标相关,提示MIS法在透析患者营养状态评估中更具优势,更能准确地评估其营养状态。