中国汉族老年人糖尿病与瘦素受体基因rs1137100和rs1137101多态性位点相关性

目的探讨汉族老年人糖尿病与瘦素受体基因rs1137100和rs1137101多态性位点(SNP)的相关性。方法采用Taqman方法检测241例汉族老年人糖尿病患者和270例汉族健康老年人的瘦素受体基因rs1137100和rs1137101基因型及等位基因频率分布状况,分析各SNP位点基因型与糖尿病的相关性,同时测定所有研究对象的血脂、血糖、血浆瘦素和胰岛素水平。结果 rs1137100位点GG、GA和AA基因型在糖尿病组和正常对照组之间的分布频率分别为73.0%、24.5%、2.5%和68.9%、28.9%和2.2%,两组之间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.27,P=0.53);A等位基因在两组间的分布频率分别是14.7%和16.7%,两组之间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.72,P=0.40)。rs1137101位点上GG、GA和AA基因型在糖尿病组和正常对照组之间的分布频率分别为77.6%、21.2%、1.2%和77.8%、21.1%、1.1%,两组之间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.02,P=0.99);A等位基因在两组间的分布频率分别是11.8%和11.7%,两组之间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.01,P=0.94)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,与GG型研究对象相比,rs1137100位点GA型、AA型研究对象发生糖尿病的风险相似,OR值分别为1.06(95%CI 0.34~3.34)和0.80(95%CI 0.54~1.19);在rs1137101位点上,与GG型研究对象相比,GA型、AA型研究对象发生糖尿病的风险相似,OR值分别为1.12(95%CI 0.22~5.63)和1.01(95%CI 0.66~1.54)。结论瘦素受体基因rs1137100和rs1137101位点的变异与汉族老年人糖尿病没有明显的相关性。     

脂联素基因多态性与中国大城市汉族老年人代谢综合征相关性研究

目的探讨脂联素基因rs2241766(T45G)和rs15011299(G276T)多态性位点(SNP)与中国大城市汉族老年人代谢综合征(MS)的相关性。方法根据国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)的MS定义,从2002年营养与健康状况调查对象中选取大城市60岁以上汉族老年人,分为MS组和正常对照组,共907人。检测这些研究对象血浆脂联素和胰岛素浓度,提取全血基因组DNA,采用Taqman方法检测所有研究对象脂联素基因rs2241766(T45G)和rs15011299(G276T)位点的基因型。并分析各SNP位点基因型与MS的相关性。结果 rs15011299的三种基因型在MS组和正常对照组间的总体分布差异有显著性,MS组T等位基因频率显著高于正常对照组。在rs15011299位点,GG、GT、TT三组基因型的研究对象的BMI、脂联素浓度差异有显著性,GG+GT型研究对象的BMI、腰围、血浆胰岛素浓度显著低于TT型研究对象,而血浆脂联素浓度显著高于TT型研究对象;在rs2241766位点,TT、TG、GG三组基因型的研究对象间BMI及舒张压差异有显著性,TT型研究对象BMI、腰围及舒张压显著高于TG+GG型研究对象。logistic回归分析显示rs15011299TT型研究对象与GG型研究对象相比发生MS的风险高,其校正的OR值为3.19(1.31,7.78)。结论脂联素基因rs15011299位点的变异可能与MS相关,G→T突变可能增加MS的发生,使腰围、BMI增加,并降低血浆脂联素水平。     

中国学龄儿童瘦素受体基因SNP rs1137101多态分布与肥胖相关性研究

目的探讨瘦素受体基因SNP rs1137101多态分布与儿童肥胖之间的关联。方法对1682名上海某区小学学龄儿童进行身高、体重、腰围测量,及瘦素受体基因SNP rs1137101多态位点基因型分析,通过非条件Logistic回归、卡方检验等方法分析该基因位点多态分布与体重指数(BMI)、腰围身高比(WHtR)等肥胖相关参数之间的关系。结果该人群LEPR基因SNP rs1137101多态位点基因型AA、AG及GG频率分别为0.012、0.224、0.764,等位基因A和G的分布频率分别为0.14和0.86,符合Hardy Weinberg遗传平衡定律(∑X2=1.301,p>0.05);调整性别、年龄、学校所在地区后,AA/AG组和GG组中超重率分别为13.1%和9.1%,其OR值为1.43(95%CI:0.97-2.10,p=0.074),BMI高组和低组中AA/AG基因型携带者比例分别为26.3%和21.1%,其OR值为1.30(95%CI:1.01-1.68)。结论 LEPR基因SNP rs1137101多态位点携带A等位基因与中国学龄儿童超重及高BMI相关,是该人群肥胖的易感因素之一。[营养学报,2012,34(6):536-539]     

LEPR基因多态性与未绝经女性BMI变化的关系研究

目的探讨瘦素受体(LEPR)基因多态性与未绝经女性近5年体质指数(BMI,)变化之间的关系。方法采用横断面研究,于2015年3月~6月收集四川省人民医院体检中心和成都双流区妇保院体检中心未绝经健康女性463人,收集其一般人口学特征、人口测量指标、日均能量摄入等信息,以5年前BMI与现在的BMI变化情况将研究对象分为低风险组(BMI5year24 kg/m~2→BMI_(present)24 kg/m~2BMI_5year≥24 kg/m~2→BMI_(present)24 kg/m~2)、增重至超重组(BMI_5year24kg/m~2→BMI_(present)≥24kg/m)、持续超重/肥胖组(BMI_5year≥24 kg/m2→BMI_(present)≥24kg/m~2)。采用飞行时间质谱检测LEPRrs1137100,LEPRrs1137101基因型。采用多分类Logistic回归,估计LEPR基因多态性与未绝经健康女性人群近5年BMI变化的关联值(OR)。结果 LEPR rs1137100和LEPR rs1137101突变等位基因的携带率分别为83.3%和89.0%;调整重要的混杂因素后,携带LEPRrs1137100AA+AG或LEPRrs1137101AA+AG可增加发生持续超重/肥胖的风险(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.02-2.73;OR=1.76,95%CI:1.01-3.07)。结论LEPRrs1137100和LEPRrs1137101基因多态性可能与未绝经女性持续超重/肥胖有关。     

冠心病易感基因CDKN2B-AS1位点rs10757274基因型对2型糖尿病、高脂血症的多效性作用

目的探讨冠心病易感基因CDKN2B-AS1位点rs10757274基因型对2型糖尿病、高脂血症及其合并症的多效性作用,为心脑血管疾病的遗传病因学研究提供新思路。方法采用多病例组-对照设计,纳入北京大学第一医院2012年6月至2013年3月心内科入院的汉族冠心病患者1 158例为研究对象,其中非高脂血症的2型糖尿病患者242例(20.9%),非2型糖尿病的高脂血症患者306例(26.4%),2型糖尿病合并高脂血症204例(17.6%),对照组(不患2型糖尿病和高脂血症)406例(35.1%)。对研究对象进行问卷调查、体格检查和生化指标测定。采用单碱基延伸技术和Genome Lab SNP基因分型系统(美国Beckman Coulter公司)进行基因分型。采用非条件logistic回归进行关联分析,调整年龄、性别、体质指数、吸烟、饮酒、高血压和心肌梗死。结果与基因型GG相比,基因型GA/rs10757274(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.58~3.74)与基因型AA/rs10757274(OR=2.64,95%CI:1.62~4.30)会增加患2型糖尿病的风险;基因型GA/rs10757274(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.53~3.30)与基因型AA/rs10757274(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.20~2.97)会增加高脂血症的风险;基因型GA/rs10757274(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.15~3.01)与基因型AA/rs10757274(OR=4.21,95%CI:2.55~6.92)会增加2型糖尿病合并高脂血症的风险。结论 CDKN2B-AS1基因位点rs10757274基因型对2型糖尿病、高脂血症具有遗传多效性。     

瘦素受体基因Gln223Arg多态性与肥胖的关联研究

目的探讨瘦素受体基因多态性与肥胖发生的关系。方法采用PCR-RFLP对502例肥胖患者、400例体重正常者进行瘦素受体基因Gln223Arg多态性检测。结果肥胖组瘦素受体基因Gln223Arg的GG、GA和AA基因型表达频率分别为0.777、0.197及0.026。单因素分析显示携带AA基因型与携带GG基因型相比,发生肥胖的风险为OR=0.478,P=0.043。多因素分析表明,瘦素受体基因多态性、年龄>65岁、吸烟以及口味偏重与肥胖发生的相对危险度分别为:OR=1.36,95%CI:0.999~1.849,P=0.05;OR=0.55,95%CI:0.366~0.825,P=0.004;OR=1.475,95%CI:1.064~2.045,P=0.02;OR=1.506,95%CI:1.042~2.176,P=0.029。结论瘦素受体基因Gln223Arg多态性可能与肥胖发生有关。     

IRF6基因多态性与黔北人群非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性研究

目的探讨黔北地区人群IRF6基因rs2235371和rs2235373 SNP位点的多态性及其与非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性。方法采用PCR和测序方法对153个对照儿童和123个NSCL/P儿童的IRF6基因中2个SNP位点rs2235371和rs2235373进行扩增和测序;对样本群体进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析,比较2组人群的基因型频率、等位基因频率及OR分析;两位点连锁不平衡分析。结果对照组与病例组人群rs2235371基因型均含有GG、GA和AA型,rs2235373位点均含有CC、CT和TT型。对于2个位点,对照组和病例组均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡法则(P0.05)。2组人群中,rs2235371和rs2235373位点的等位基因和基因型差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);rs2235371位点GGvs GA的OR值(95%CI)=1.725(1.025～2.902),GGvs AA的OR值(95%CI)=2.100(1.109～4.328);rs2235373位点CCvs TT的OR值(95%CI)=2.263(1.348～5.015),CTvs TT的OR值(95%CI)=2.061(1.108～2.169);(P0.05)。rs2235371和rs2235373位点存在连锁不平衡,GC单倍型是主要的单倍体型,对NSCL/P均有致病风险,OR值(95%CI)=1.722(1.219～2.431),(P0.05)。结论在黔北地区人群中,IRF6基因rs2235371和rs2235373位点均具有多态性;rs2235371位点的GG基因型和rs2235373位点的CC、CT基因型与NSCL/P的发生有相关性;rs2235371和rs2235373位点存在连锁不平衡,GC单倍型对NSCL/P有致病风险。     

江西省特发性矮小症与IGF-1R基因多态性相关性研究

目的探讨江西省特发性矮小症与人胰岛素样生长因子受体-1(insulin-like growth factor type 1receptor,IGF-1R)基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)位点遗传易感性的关系,为研究ISS的病因提供新的思路。方法选择江西省295例特发性矮小症(idiopathic short stature,ISS)患儿(ISS组),314名身高正常儿童(对照组),用SNaPshot技术平台进行基因分型。结果江西省ISS患者rs2684788位点等位基因(G vs.A,OR=1.685,95%CI=1.272,2.233,P0.001)、不同基因型(GG vs.GA vs.AA,χ2=13.724,P0.001)与ISS遗传易感性有关,呈G显性遗传模式(GG+GA vs.AA:OR=1.887,95%CI=1.352~2.634,P0.001);ISS组rs2684788位点(GG+GA)基因型与IGF-1SDS比较差异有统计学意义,提示(GG+GA)基因型与IGF-1SDS值有关(P=0.004)。结论人IGF1R基因rs2684788位点可能与江西省ISS的遗传易感性有关;ISS不同的临床表型可能和SNP位点多态性有关。     

HLA-DP基因多态性与卵巢癌临床病理参数的关联研究

目的探讨人类白细胞抗原(Human Leukocyte Antigens,HLA)DP基因多态性与卵巢癌临床病理参数的关联性。方法应用TaqMan探针方法,检测rs3077和rs9277535位点基因型,比较卵巢癌患者和健康对照者,探讨不同基因型与卵巢癌患病风险以及卵巢癌临床病理参数的关系。结果 rs3077和rs9277353位点突变纯合基因型AA病例组中占比均显著高于对照组(调整OR=1.82,95%CI:1.11~3.01;调整OR=1.89,95%CI:1.26~2.97);与携带rs3077 GG+GA和rs9377357GG+GA基因型的个体相比,携带1~2个危险基因型的个体发生卵巢癌的风险显著(P0.01);尚未发现HLADP基因遗传多态性与卵巢癌临床病理参数存在关联。结论 HLA-DP基因多态性与卵巢癌的发病风险存在关联。     

HLA-DP基因多态性与肺癌遗传易感性研究

目的 探讨人类白细胞抗原（Human Leukocyte Antigens,HLA）DP基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性的关联。方法 应用TaqMan探针方法检测401例肺癌患者和843例对照者 rs3077和rs9277535位点基因型,比较不同基因型与肺癌患病风险的关系。结果 采用多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示rs3077和rs9277535位点突变基因型AA显著增加肺癌的发病风险（调整OR = 1.69,95%CI = 1.16～2.51;调整OR = 1.58,95%CI = 1.10～2.25）;单倍型分析显示,与GG单倍型相比,携带AA单倍型的个体可增加肺癌发病风险（调整OR = 1.41,95%CI = 1.61～1.71）;与携带rs3077 GG+GA and rs9377357 GG基因型的个体相比,携带1～4个危险等位基因的个体发生肺癌的风险显著（P趋势 ＜0.01）。结论 HLA基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌的发病风险存在关联。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.