彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉-海绵窦瘘的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）对颈动脉-海绵窦瘘（CCF）的诊断价值。方法本文应用CDUS对6例CCF患者进行了分析,并与脑血管造影比较。结果CDUS显示,引流静脉多以扩张的眼上静脉为主,脉冲多普勒可测到连续层流的静脉频谱中混叠有动脉搏动性频谱,患侧颈内动脉流速明显高于健侧;患侧大脑中动脉（MCA）、大脑前动脉（ACA）流速低于健侧。压迫患侧颈总动脉,患侧颈内动脉（瘘口以上）出现不同程度的倒灌血流。结论彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉-海绵窦瘘的诊断具有高度的特异性,是一项值得临床推广应用的无创、方便、快捷的诊断颈动脉-海绵窦瘘的辅助检查方法。     

老年颈源性眩晕患者椎-基底动脉血流状况的研究

目的:应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)探讨老年颈源性眩晕与椎-基底动脉的血流动力学变化的关系.方法:选择行TCD检查的48例颈源性眩晕患者(眩晕组)及同期行TCD检查的36例患者(对照组)纳入研究.记录并分析椎动脉、基底动脉的收缩期峰值流速(Vs)、舒张末期流速(Vd)、搏动指数(PI)及RI.结果:2组椎动脉或基底动脉血...     

经颅多普勒与彩色多普勒超声对锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的诊断价值

目的:探讨经颅多普勒(TCD)与彩色多普勒超声对锁骨下动脉盗血综合征(SSS)的诊断价值。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声检测32例SSS患者的椎动脉颅外段、颈动脉、锁骨下动脉(SubA)、无名动脉的彩色血流形态,内-中膜厚度及狭窄程度;TCD检测椎动脉颅内段与基底动脉血流方向及频谱的改变。结果:32例中SubA中度狭窄11例,重度狭窄12例,闭塞9例。TCD检查Ⅰ期盗血11例(34%);Ⅱ期盗血11例(34%);Ⅲ期盗血10例(32%)。结论:彩色多普勒超声与TCD联合应用,通过对SubA及无名动脉的内-中膜厚度、狭窄程度及椎-基底动脉频谱形态的测量,有利于对SSS病因及程度的诊断。     

经颅多普勒对颈内动脉颅外段重度狭窄或闭塞的颅内血流动力学分析

目的研究经颅多普勒超声（TCD）对颈内动脉颅外段重度狭窄或闭塞后颅内血流动力学参数的变化，探讨其临床应用价值。方法对32例经TCD诊断为颈内动脉颅外段重度狭窄或闭塞患者，分析其双侧大脑中动脉（MCA）、大脑前动脉（ACA）、大脑后动脉（PCA）的收缩期峰值流速（PSV）及血管搏动指数（P1），判断侧支循环开放类型，并以30例正常体检人群作为对照组，所得结果进行统计学分析。结果一侧颈内动脉颅外段重度狭窄或闭塞后，其颅内血流参数与正常对照组比较，存在明显的不对称性，经统计学t检验，差异有显著意义。TCD检测侧支循环开放例数与DSA比较，经统计学X^2检验，二者无差异（P〉0．05）。结论TCD能准确地检测到颈内动脉颅外段重度狭窄或闭塞后颅内血流动力学的变化，为临床选择治疗方法及判断预后提供有价值的信息。     

彩色多普勒超声对颈动脉体瘤的诊断价值

 目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声在颈动脉体瘤诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析7例颈动脉体瘤患者的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现.所有病例均经手术病理证实.结果 颈动脉体瘤二维超声表现为颈动脉分叉处见实质性低回声肿块,边界清晰,边缘规则或呈分叶状.肿瘤较小时,多位于颈总动脉分叉处,使颈内、外动脉间距增大,形状多较规则;肿瘤较大时,常围绕血管生长.彩色多普勒超声均可见肿瘤内有较丰富的彩色血流信号,以动脉血流为主;CDFI还能清晰显示肿瘤与颈动脉的关系.结论 二维及彩色多普勒超声对诊断颈动脉体瘤具有无创、安全、特异性、准确性高的特点,有利于同颈部其他性质包块的鉴别诊断,是目前颈动脉体瘤诊断的首选方法.     

三维经颅多普勒在脑血管病诊断中的应用

对40例经 CT,DSA 确诊的脑血管病患者作了三维经颅多普勒(TCD)检查。结果表明 TCD 与 DSA 一致者36例,占90%,二者有较高的符合率。TCD 对颈动脉、颅底 Willis 环主要分支、椎动脉颅内段及基底动脉狭窄、闭塞、侧支循环状态、较大的 AVM 及动脉瘤有较高的诊断价值。     

颈动脉体瘤的诊断与手术治疗

目的：探讨颈动脉体瘤的诊断方法和外科疗效。方法：回顾性分析24例颈动脉体瘤患者的临床资料，分析总结颈动脉体瘤的诊断方法、手术方式的选择及疗效。结果：24例术前均常规行B超及磁共振血管造影，诊断符合率分别为95．8％和100％。24例CBT均为ShamblinⅠ型和Ⅱ型。颈动脉体瘤单纯剥离18例，颈动脉体瘤联合颈外动脉切除3例，颈动脉体瘤联合颈内动脉切除颈外动脉转流2例，颈动脉体瘤联合颈内动脉切除自体静脉移植1例。全部患者术后无偏瘫、失语及死亡。经1—8年随访，24例均无复发。结论：对于可疑颈动脉体瘤患者，术前应常规行B超及颈动脉磁共振血管造影确诊。外科手术是治疗颈动脉体瘤的最有效的方法，最大限度地保留或重建颈内动脉是手术成败的关键。     

超声对颈动脉内膜剥除前、后颅内外血流动力学变化的评价

目的:探讨彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)和经颅彩色多普勒血流成像(TCCDFI)评价颈动脉内膜剥除术(CEA)治疗前、后患者颅内外动脉血流动力学的变化。方法:用CDFI和TCCDFI分别对23例颅外段颈内动脉(EICA)狭窄患者CEA治疗前、后狭窄局部管径、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及同侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、眼动脉(OA)CEA治疗前、后PSV、搏动指数(PI)和颅内侧支循环的建立情况进行分析。结果:EICA狭窄患者CEA术后原狭窄处内径、PVS及患侧MCA、OA的PSV、PI恢复正常,侧支循环关闭。结论:CDFI与TCCDFI结合可评价颈动脉狭窄患者行CEA治疗前、后颅内外动脉的血流动力学变化,对判断CEA的疗效具有重要的临床价值。     

用彩超研究肾缺如、肾异位、肾游走患者肾动脉血流的改变

探讨肾缺如、肾游走、肾异位健侧、患侧肾动脉血流的改变,为肾缺如、肾异位、肾游走的鉴别诊断提供一 条新途径。材料与方法：运用彩色多普勒超声对87例正常对照组和132例患者组肾动脉血流改变的对照研究。结果： 肾缺如患者组健侧肾动脉平均峰值流速高于对照组,肾异位患者组健侧肾动脉平均峰值流速高于对照组,患侧肾动脉平 均峰值流速低于对照组,肾游走患者组健侧、患侧肾动脉平均峰值流速与对照组无明显变化,肾缺如患者组健侧动脉平 均峰值流速高于肾异位组。结论：肾缺如、肾异位、肾游走患者肾动脉血流峰值流速的改变,为肾缺如、肾异位、肾游走的 鉴别诊断提供了新的依据。     

用彩超研究肾缺如，肾异位，肾游走患者肾动脉血液的改变

探讨肾缺如、肾游走、肾异位健侧、患侧肾动脉血流的改变,为肾缺如、肾异位、肾游走的鉴别诊断提供一 条新途径。材料与方法运用彩色多普勒超声对87例正常对照组和132例患者组肾动脉血流改变的对照研究。结果 肾缺如患者组健侧肾动脉平均峰值流速高于对照组,肾异位患者组健侧肾动脉平均峰值流速高于对照组,患侧肾动脉平 均峰值流速低于对照组,肾游走患者组健侧、患侧肾动脉平均峰值流速与对照组无明显变化,肾缺如患者组健侧动脉平 均峰值流速高于肾异位组。结论肾缺如、肾异位、肾游走患者肾动脉血流峰值流速的改变,为肾缺如、肾异位、肾游走的 鉴别诊断提供了新的依据。     

颈动脉体瘤临床特点及诊治分析

 目的 总结颈动脉体瘤(carotid body tumor,CBT)的诊治经验.方法 回顾我科2000-11至2009-11颈动脉体瘤21例,对其临床特点、诊断方法、术前准备、手术方法及并发症的预防进行总结和分析.结果 21例中,男女比例1∶ 2.5;平均46.19岁;19例为单侧发病,双侧2例;11例行颈动脉多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)检查即明确诊断;12例术前行Matas法颈动脉阻断训练.14例全麻下行颈动脉体瘤切除术,单侧13例,双侧1例.4例术中出现不同程度的颈动脉分歧处破裂.1例术后死亡;1例术后出现进食呛咳,声音嘶哑;无复发病例.结论 多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCAT)对确定诊断和制定手术方案非常有价值.术前了解肿瘤血供和累及颈动脉的程度,了解Willis环循环状况,综合评价颈动脉阻断脑耐受性是最重要的术前准备.术前应做好动脉分流、阻断及血管修复、血管重建术的充分准备.手术后主要是防止大出血及脑血管梗死发生.     

糖尿病患者的经颅多普勒变化

目的:应用经颅多普勒检查糖尿病患者颅内血管状况,以了解糖尿病与血液动力学变化的关系。方法:采用德国EME公司2020型经颅多普勒检查仪。对55例糖尿病患者及60例健康对照组进行了经颅多普勒检查,观察大脑中动脉、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉,椎、基底动脉的血流速度,搏动指数及血流频谱进行检测。结果:55例糖尿病患者中血流速度异常占81.82%,其中血管痉挛8例,血管硬化30例,血管狭窄7例,正常10例。两组搏动指数值比较,糖尿病组搏动指数值显著高于健康对照组。结论:经颅多普勒超声检查可以较明确反映糖尿病脑血管病变的部位、范围和性质。     

经颅多普勒在结核性脑膜炎的应用研究

目的　探讨结核性脑膜炎的脑血流动力学的变化特点 ,以及TCD检测在判断病情严重程度和临床预后的应用价值。方法　结核性脑膜炎组 2 0例和对照组正常人 30例 ,对病情及预后进行比较。结果　ACA ,MCA ,VA ,BA血流速度均增快 ;所测动脉PI值均升高。相关分析结果ACA Vs, Vd , Vm和MCA Vs与GCS ,GOS均成负相关 ;MCA PI值与GOS成负相关。结论　结核性脑膜炎异常改变波及颈内动脉系统和椎 基底动脉系统。大脑前、中动脉Vs流速越快 ,提示病情越严重 ,预后越差 ;大脑中动脉PI值越高 ,提示预后越差。     

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of collateral blood flow in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion: correlation with cerebral angiography.

PURPOSETo determine the accuracy of transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound for evaluation of collateral supply through the circle of Willis in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.METHODSThe evaluation of the collateral pathways through the circle of Willis with TCD ultrasound and with cerebral angiography was compared in 40 patients (30 men, 10 women; mean age, 55 +/- 9 years) in a total of 44 ICA occlusions of which 43 had a suitable ipsilateral temporal bone window for TCD examination.RESULTSBy TCD, a patent anterior communicating artery is indicated by a reversal blood flow in the A1-segment of the anterior cerebral artery or by a prompt fall of blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery after compression of the nonoccluded contralateral carotid artery. In 42 of 43 instances of ICA occlusion, TCD and angiography agreed in the evaluation of a present or absent anterior communicating artery collateral supply. TCD''s sensitivity was 95%, its specificity 100%. A collateral supply through the basilar artery was assumed with TCD when there was: (a) a basilar artery blood velocity of more than 70 cm/s; (b) a marked increase of basilar artery blood velocity after compression of the nonoccluded carotid artery; (c) an evident side-to-side asymmetry of the blood velocity of the posterior cerebral arteries with high blood velocity ipsilateral to the ICA occlusion. For evaluating the collateralization via the basilar artery, TCD and angiography agreed in 37 of 40 ICA occlusions. TCD''s sensitivity was 87%, its specificity 95%.CONCLUSIONSTCD is a reliable tool for the evaluation of the collateral supply in patients with ICA occlusions.     

Balloon test occlusion of internal carotid artery: Angiographic findings predictive of results

AIM: To reveal angiographic findings to predict the result of balloon test occlusion (BTO).METHODS: The cerebral angiograms of 42 consecutive patients who underwent cerebral angiography including both the Matas and Allcock maneuvers and BTO were retrospectively analyzed. Visualization of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA) by the cross flow on the tested side during the Matas or Allcock maneuver was graded on a 5-point scale. Circle of Willis (COW) anatomy with respect to the presence/absence of a collateral path to reach the tested internal carotid artery (ICA) was classified into four categories. A univariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the associations between each angiographic finding and the BTO result. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each finding were calculated.RESULTS: Five patients (12%) were BTO-positive and the remaining 37 patients (88%) were BTO-negative. Visualizations of the ACA and MCA as well as the COW anatomy were significantly associated with the BTO result (P = 0.0051 for ACA, P = 0.0002 for MCA, and P < 0.0001 for COW anatomy). In particular, good MCA visualization and the presence of an anterior connection (collateral path to the tested ICA from the contralateral ICA via the anterior communicating artery) in the COW were highly predictive for negative BTO (negative predictive value = 100% for both).CONCLUSION: A BTO result may be predicted by angiographic findings including ACA/MCA visualization and COW anatomy.     

Intracranial artery velocity measurement using 4D PC MRI at 3 T: comparison with transcranial ultrasound techniques and 2D PC MRI

Introduction

4D phase contrast MR imaging (4D PC MRI) has been introduced for spatiotemporal evaluation of intracranial hemodynamics in various cerebrovascular diseases. However, it still lacks validation with standards of reference. Our goal was to compare blood flow quantification derived from 4D PC MRI with transcranial ultrasound and 2D PC MRI.

Methods

Velocity measurements within large intracranial arteries [internal carotid artery (ICA), basilar artery (BA), and middle cerebral artery (MCA)] were obtained in 20 young healthy volunteers with 4D and 2D PC MRI, transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), and transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD). Maximum velocities at peak systole (PSV) and end diastole (EDV) were compared using regression analysis and Bland–Altman plots.

Results

Correlation of 4D PC MRI measured velocities was higher in comparison with TCD (r?=?0.49–0.66) than with TCCD (0.35–0.44) and 2D PC MRI (0.52–0.60). In mid-BA and ICA C7 segment, a significant correlation was found with TCD (0.68–0.81 and 0.65–0.71, respectively). No significant correlation was found in carotid siphon. On average over all volunteers, PSVs and EDVs in MCA were minimally underestimated compared with TCD/TCCD. Minimal overestimation of velocities was found compared to TCD in mid-BA and ICA C7 segment.

Conclusion

4D PC MRI appears as valid alternative for intracranial velocity measurement consistent with previous reference standards, foremost with TCD. Spatiotemporal averaging effects might contribute to vessel size-dependent mild underestimation of velocities in smaller (MCA), and overestimation in larger-sized (BA and ICA) arteries, respectively. Complete spatiotemporal flow analysis may be advantageous in anatomically complex regions (e.g. carotid siphon) relative to restrictions of ultrasound techniques.     

Comparison of transcranial Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography angiography in symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 10 patients with middle cerebral artery territory stroke were studied. To obtain data from patients with presumed in situ middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis, the study excluded patients with a known source of cardiac emboli, significant carotid stenosis and classical lacunar syndrome. As the gold standard for this study, CTA demonstrated MCA stenosis in all patients (100%), while abnormal TCDs suggesting MCA stenoses were found in only six patients (60%). The stenotic sites differed among patients with normal and abnormal TCDs. Patients with false negative TCDs were found to have more distal lesions (distal M1 or M2 segment) whereas patients with TCD abnormalities tend to have more proximal lesions as demonstrated by CTA. It is concluded that an abnormal TCD is highly suggestive of stenosis of MCA. A normal TCD, however, does not exclude such a lesion, especially in patients with distal M1 or M2 stenoses. Therefore, TCD may not be the best screening test for intracranial vascular stenotic lesion in MCA territory stroke.     

The magnetic resonance Matas test: Feasibility and comparison with the conventional intraarterial balloon test occlusion with SPECT perfusion imaging

PURPOSE: To evaluate a new MR Matas test that uses a form of contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) with temporary manual occlusion of the common carotid artery whose internal carotid artery (ICA) is to be permanently sacrificed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR Matas test was performed on eight patients using an open type MR imager (Signa Profile 0.2 Tesla ver. 7.5, GE-YMS, Tokyo, Japan). Conventional balloon occlusion Matas test and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain were performed in all cases within a week before or after the MR Matas test. RESULTS: The MR Matas test was successful in all eight patients without any complications. The image quality of the MR Matas test was generally sufficient to confirm cross-flow from the patent side to the occluded side in comparison with selective intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) except in one case. CONCLUSION: Brain perfusion information using MR Matas test is comparable to brain SPECT.     

可脱球囊治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘

目的：研究外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的栓塞治疗。材料与方法：本文对5例外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘患者施行了血管内介入栓塞术。所有患者均于手术前行Matas试验。结果：4例患者经可脱球囊栓塞术治疗，颈内动脉海绵瘘消失，颈内动脉保持通畅，颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的临床综合征于治疗后消失。1例由于瘘口较大，球囊不能完整闭塞瘘口，因该患者健侧颈内动脉代偿供应患侧的能力差，故无法栓塞患侧颈内动脉，栓塞术后该患者临床症状及体征有所改善但未能完全消除。结论：栓塞治疗对于外伤性预内动脉海绵窦瘘是一种有效治疗方法。