颞下颌关节损伤的MRI表现

目的 研究颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint, TMJ)损伤的MRI表现,重点观察关节盘的移位及损伤情况.方法 13例TMJ损伤的初诊患者,使用3英寸(1 英寸=2.54 cm)双颞下颌Dual表面线圈,分别行斜矢状面和斜冠状面T1WI和T2WI的闭口位及张口位扫描.结果 13例患者26个TMJ中有20个(20/26, 76.9%)发生髁突骨折,其中12例患者的19个(19/20, 95%)关节盘随着碎裂的髁突骨折片向前内侧移位,6个(6/20, 30%)关节盘可见扭曲、变形.另1例患者为单侧髁突骨折并关节盘断裂(1/20, 5%),向外侧移位,其对侧关节盘轻度向前移位.12个TMJ可见关节积液,均见于髁突骨折的关节(12/20, 60%).开口位关节盘的位置较闭口位未见明显变化.结论 MRI是TMJ损伤的有效检查方法,有助于判断关节盘形态和位置的改变.     

MRI诊断颞下颌关节损伤的价值

目的:探讨MRI诊断颞下颌关节损伤的应用价值。材料和方法:对30例颞下颌关节损伤患者于外伤后3～20天内行颞下颌关节MRI检查,MRI扫描序列包括闭口斜矢状位T1WI、PDWI、斜冠状位T1WI、T2WI,张口斜矢状位T1WI、PDWI。由两位资深放射科医师分析MRI表现。结果:30例共60个颞下颌关节中发现18个髁状突骨折,9个骨损伤,29个关节盘移位,26个关节囊积液、积血。结论:MRI能很好的显示颞下颌关节的骨折、骨损伤以及关节盘与关节囊损伤情况,是颞下颌关节损伤的重要检查与评价手段,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

正常青年人颞下颌关节盘位置的MRI斜冠状位研究

目的 分析正常青年人颞下颌关节张、闭口斜冠状位MR图像关节盘与髁突的位置关系.方法 对29例(58个颞下颌关节)正常青年人行MRI张、闭口斜冠状位PDWI扫描,选取闭口位通过髁突前斜面中心、张口位通过关节盘中带中心层面测量关节盘与髁突的位置.结果 58个关节中除去9个可复性关节盘前移位关节及1例有运动伪影影响的2个关节,47个关节斜冠状位观察结果如下:(1)闭口位有30个(63.83%)、张口位有45个(95.74%)关节盘内缘超出髁突内缘,关节盘内缘与髁突内缘间距于张口位大于闭口位(P =0.00);张、闭口位各有3个(6.38%)关节盘外缘超出髁突外缘,关节盘外缘与髁突外缘间距无统计学差异(P =0.70).(2)关节盘内外缘间距于张口位大于闭口位(P =0.00);髁突内外缘间距张闭口位比较无统计学差异(P=0.06).结论 正常青年人存在颞下颌关节盘内缘超出髁突内缘的现象,应避免误诊关节盘内侧移位.     

下颌髁突脱位骨折后颞下颌关节软组织改变的MRI表现

目的 分析下颌髁突脱位骨折后颞下颌关节(TMJ)软组织改变的MRI表现.方法 应用矢状面和冠状面质子密度加权成像(PDWI)和T2WI连续检查103侧(77例)患有下颌髁突脱位骨折的颞下颌关节(TMJ).结果 MRI上,103侧髁突脱位骨折后的TMJ异常表现有:(1)髁突骨折断片向前下(102侧,99.0%)和前(1侧,10%)脱位;(2)关节盘移位(100侧,97.1%),其中矢状面MRI显示关节盘随脱位的髁突向前下移位者99侧,向前移位者1侧;(3)关节腔积液(103侧,100%);(4)关节盘后区信号异常(91侧,88.3%);(5)关节盘下后附着异常(89侧,86.4%);(6)关节囊异常(89侧,86.4%);(7)关节盘上后附着异常(37侧,35.9%);(8)关节盘变形(8侧,7.8%);(9)关节盘撕裂(8侧,7.8%);(10)颞骨关节窝骨折(4侧,3.9%).结论矢状面MRI上,多数下颌髁突脱位骨折以TMJ关节盘随脱位的髁突向前下移位,并伴有关节腔积液为特点.     

MRI在颞下颌关节盘移位诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨MRI在颞下颌关节盘移位诊断中的应用价值。方法 :收集经临床确诊的52例颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)患者,观察颞下颌关节MRI斜矢状位及斜冠状位图像,分析张闭口位关节盘的位置及形态的改变。结果:52例中,关节盘前移位47例(可复性前移位20例,不可复性前移位27例),前内移位5例。结论:MRI可清晰显示颞下颌关节盘形态及盘-突位置关系改变,为临床治疗提供可靠的诊断依据。     

MRI动态扫描技术在颞下颌关节紊乱中的应用价值

目的 探讨颞下颌关节紊乱应用MRI动态扫描技术的临床价值。方法 选取本院收治的46例(62只关节颞下颌关节紊乱患者临床资料,行MRI常规扫描及动态扫描。对比常规扫描与动态扫描诊断符合率。结果 常规扫描与动态扫描诊断符合率依次是100.00%、95.65%(P> 0.05)。关节盘位置正常16例(34.78%)、可复性关节盘前移位15例(32.61%)、不可复性关节盘前移位10例(21.74%)、关节盘内移位3例(6.52%)、关节盘外移位2例(4.35%)。MRI动态图像能够清晰观察到关节盘位置、厚度、形态改变以及关节积液情况。结论 颞下颌关节紊乱患者开展MRI动态扫描技术能够准确提示疾病发展期间关节厚度、形态和位置改变情况,还可同时发现关节盘及髁突相对运动异常,关节盘在开闭口过程中变形情况,更好地观察关节活动度改变。     

颞下颌关节功能紊乱综合征的诊断——1．5T和3．0T磁共振成像的影像质量

本研究的目的是评估1．5T和3．0T颞下颌关节MRI影像质量等级的差异。24例可疑关节盘前移位的病人随机进行了1．5T和3．0T MRI检查。使用表面线圈进行旁矢状位（闭口和张口位）和旁冠状位成像。2位有经验的观察者在不知病情和MR设备类型的情况下采用双盲法分析影像,包括髁突位置、信号改变及关节盘形态。此外,还对关节盘形态和位置进行可辨性评估。结果显示,在关节盘形态（P〈0．001）和位置（P〈0．001）的可辨性上3．0T与1．5T间的差异有统计学意义。     

Ⅵ型髁突骨折致颞下颌关节损伤的MRI表现

目的 探讨MRI在Ⅵ型髁突骨折致颞下颌关节损伤中的应用价值. 方法 对18例Ⅵ型髁突骨折患者于伤后3～14 d内行颞下颌关节MRI检查,分析MRI表现. 结果 在18例19侧Ⅵ型髁突骨折中有15侧发生关节盘移位,9侧关节囊撕裂,16侧关节盘后区组织撕裂(双板区),19侧关节腔内关节液改变. 结论 MRI能很好地显示Ⅵ型髁突骨折引起的颞下颌关节损伤情况,是颞下颌关节损伤的重要检查与评价手段,有利于指导临床上对治疗方案的选择.     

颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现

目的 探讨颞下颌关节区滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现特点.资料与方法 搜集7例主诉为颞下颌关节区肿胀、疼痛、杂音或者张口受限患者的MRI影像资料,对其斜冠状面和斜矢状面的张闭口位T1WI、T2WI进行分析.所有病例均经关节镜手术或开放性手术病理证实为滑膜软骨瘤病.结果 颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现为:(1)病变区有单个或多个散在软骨小体或钙化游离体(n=7);(2)关节腔大量积液(n=7);(3)关节区软组织肿大(n=5);(4)关节盘形态和位置异常(n=2);(5)下颌髁突骨质异常改变(n=3),表现为骨皮质连续性中断和/或骨髓腔减少;(6)颞骨关节面骨质异常改变(n=2),表现为骨质硬化.结论 颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现多为单个或多个散在的软骨小体或钙化游离体伴关节腔大量积液;往往伴有关节区软组织肿胀;少数病例可侵犯邻近的骨质,引起髁突或颞骨关节窝等骨质的破坏或伴有关节盘形态或位置异常.     

颞下颌关节的开、闭口位计算机三维重建及测量

目的:探讨计算机三维重建技术在颞下颌关节开闭口运动研究中的应用。方法:利用生物塑化技术制作1.0mm厚的闭口位、大开口位的颞下颌关节的薄层断面标本,在SGI工作站上对关节盘、髁突等结构进行三维重建及相关测量。结果:计算机三维重建图像可显示闭口位、大开口位时颞下颌关节形态、位置变化及其三维解剖结构关系。重建结构均能单独显示、任意搭配显示或整体显示,并可绕任意轴进行旋转,任意径线及角度均可适时测量。结论:计算机三维重建技术对于颞下颌关节运动解剖研究具有重要应用价值。     

TMJ disorders and pain: assessment by contrast-enhanced MRI

Though magnetic resonance (MRI) is a widely accepted standard for the assessment of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, efforts to correlate symptoms to MRI findings have often given controversial results. Aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between TMJ pain and findings of contrast-enhanced MRI. Thirty-eight consecutive patients with TMJ dysfunction syndrome (study group) were examined with MRI. Protocol included T2 turbo spin-echo sequence, T1 spin-echo sequence, and T2 gradient-echo (acquired with closed jaw, at intermediate and maximal opening). Post-contrast phase was obtained through a fat sat 3D T1 gradient-echo sequence (VIBE). Post-contrast findings in the study group were matched with those obtained in a control group of 33 patients submitted to MRI of the paranasal sinuses. Statistically significant difference was found between condylar medullary bone enhancement in painful TMJ, in painless TMJ and control group. In addition the average thickness of joint soft tissue enhancement in painful TMJ was superior to painless TMJ (p<0.0001) and to control group. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio that a painful TMJ showed disk displacement, osteoarthrosis, effusion and JST enhancement were 3.05, 3.18, 1.2 and 11.36, respectively. Though not histologically proven, TMJ enhancement could reflect the presence of inflammation in painful joints. Furthermore, the administration of contrast could be of help for the assessment of patients with orofacial pain, particularly when clinical exploration is insufficient to ascribe the pain to TMJ.     

颞颌关节磁共振成像技术探讨

目的通过选择合理的扫描层面、脉冲序列及参数诊断颞颌关节紊乱综合征。方法对１１例病人行双侧ＭＲＩ检查，斜矢位自旋回波（ＳＥ）Ｔ１ＷＩ，９例用５１２×２５６矩阵，２例单侧用２５６×２５６矩阵，矢状位的快速多相位梯度回波（ｍｕｌｔｉｐｈａｓｅＦＳＰＧＲ），９例用３０°翻转角，２例分别用１０°、３０°及５０°翻转角。结果ＳＥ序列中，用５１２×２５６矩阵能清晰显示颞颌关节半月板的纤维软骨结构，ｍｕｌｔｉｐｈａｓｅＦＳＰＧＲ序列的翻转角选择３０°图像对比度信噪比最佳。结论ＭＲＩ确为诊断颞颌关节紊乱综合征的无创伤性检查方法，对口腔科矫形病人手术前后对照有一定帮助。     

Real-time assessment of temporomandibular joint using HASTE sequences: feasibility and comparison with standard static sequences

Objective:To test real-time MRI (rtMRI) using HASTE sequences in patients with suspected internal disk derangement (IDD) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to compare these sequences with standard static sequences.Methods and materials:99 TMJ were studied with both standard sequences (fat-saturated proton density) and HASTE sequences with high temporal resolution. Image quality was assessed using a 4-point Likert scale. Two radiologists analysed both standard and rtMRI sequences separately, randomly and blinded (by a third operator) to patients’ names in order to assess inter-observer repeatability. One of the radiologists performed the analysis twice for assessing intra-observer repeatability. The same radiologists evaluated randomly and blinded to the previous assessment both the sequences and decided in consensus which was the most credible. Qualitative scores were compared using Friedman’s test while concordance between radiologists and sequences was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient.Results:At image quality analysis, mean score was 3.41 for static MRI and 3.82 for rtMRI, with a statistically significant difference in favour of rtMRI (p < 0.0001). Inter-rater concordance between operator 1 (Op1) and operator 2 (Op2) with regard to the same sequence was high for both static and rtMRI sequences (0.824 and 0.888, respectively). Inter-rater variability of Op1 and Op2 between static and rtMRI sequences was lower (0.647 for Op1 and 0.633 for Op2). Among 71 discordances between sequences, 60 were judged in favour of rtMRI, while 11 were in favour of static MRI.Conclusion:rtMRI with HASTE sequences is a robust technique and provide additional information in assessing IDD compared to static sequences.     

Unilateral medial dislocation of the temporomandibular joint

We present our experience of the rare condition of unilateral medial dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in 11 patients with head trauma who had received a direct lateral blow on the chin. The diagnosis was made by direct coronal CT of the TMJ performed from 6h to 7 days following the injury. In 6 patients, subcondylar fracture of the ipsilateral mandibular ramus was also demonstrated. A second CT performed 11–16 months following the first one demonstrated pseudoarthrosis of the fractured ramus in these 6 patients. The second CT was identical to the first in the remaining 5 patients with pure dislocation of the condyle. All patients suffered from severe disability of the TMJ. The maximal vertical distance between the upper and lower incisors in patients with uncomplicated dislocation ranged between 8 and 12 mm. In cases with complicated medial condylar dislocation with fracture and pseudoarthrosis of the mandibular ramus, this distance ranged between 16 and 25 mm, probably because of additional movement in the area of the pseudoarthrosis. The maximal vertical distance between the incisors was compared with a control group of 20 normal adults who had values from 40 to 52 mm. Medial unilateral dislocation of the TMJ can appear in two forms: uncomplicated or complicated, with pseudoarthrosis of the ipsilateral mandibular ramus. Received: 8 July 1996 Accepted: 22 July 1996     

颞颌关节盘移位影像学检查的进展

颞颌关节盘移位在颞颌关节紊乱病中占有相当高的比例,对于它的检查一般采用影像学方法。随着医学影像学发展,传统X线、关节造影不断完善,CT、MRI等新技术迅速发展,很多学者采用不同的影像学方法研究并制订出标准对关节盘移位进行定性、定量分析,辅助临床诊断。本文将影像学方法用于颞颌关节盘移位检查的研究发展作一综述。     

Dislocation of jaws

Pluri-directional tomographic and arthrotomographic findings are described in six patients with dislocation of the jaw severe enough to require medical assistance. A grooved defect along the posterior aspect of the condylar head was noted in two of the six patients. The arthrotomographic findings that were obtained in one patient that was dislocated at the time of the arthrogram did not suggest a meniscocondyle incoordination as a mechanism. However, arthrotomographic findings in the six reported cases suggest that significant intra-articular soft tissue damage may result.     

Loose bodies of the temporomandibular joint: Arthrographic diagnosis

We report a series of four patients presenting with symptoms of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction, and manifesting calcified loose bodies within the temporomandibular joint. Tomographic and arthrotomographic findings are described. Surgical confirmation was obtained in two patients and the histopathology in one demonstrated that the loose body was calcified cartilage surrounded by synovial tissue. The synovial tissue of the joint space was normal in all four cases by arthrotomography and at surgery in two patients. The findings suggest that these cases may be examples of osteochondrosis dissecans.     

Diagnosis of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome—image quality at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in expert ratings of quality of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint in 24 patients with suspected anterior disc displacement examined in randomized order at 1.5 and 3.0 T. Parasagittal (closed and opened mouth) and paracoronal sections were performed with a surface coil. Two experienced examiners blinded to patient status and type of MRI diagnosed the images according to position of condyle, position and changes in the signal, and disc shape. In addition, perceptibility of position and disc shape were assessed. A highly significant difference in the perceptibility of disc shape (P < 0.001) and position (P < 0.001) was obtained. With comparable examination sequences and identical resolution, the 3.0 T MRI of the temporomandibular joint increases the perceptibility of joint structures.     

Giant cell tumour of the mandibular condyle

The authors report a case of giant cell tumour of the mandibular condyle, which is a rare finding. This tumour, studied using the main three radiological modalities (plain radiography, CT and MRI), showed characteristic radiological features of giant cell tumour. Correspondence to: S. W. Della Sala