中文版口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-49）的研制

目的：中文版口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-49）的翻译及验证研究。方法：按国际标准程序,对英文原版口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-49）进行翻译、回译及跨文化适应过程,形成中文版OHIP-49。使用该量表和自评口腔健康状况调查表,对随机抽取的患有不同口腔疾病的患者和社区居民进行口腔健康相关生活质量调查,考评量表的信度和效度。结果：发放问卷360分,回收有效量表333份。OHIP-49各维度及量表总得分的内部一致性Cronbach＇sα系数为0.79～0.96,重测系数为0.83～0.97;量表得分与自评口腔健康呈显著正相关（P〈0.001）;量表各维度及总得分在不同自我评价治疗需要的人群中有显著差异。结论：OHIP-49中文版具有良好的信度、效度,适合在中国人群中应用。     

《口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP—14中文版）》与《老年口腔健康评价指数（GOHAI中文版）》的比较研究

目的：了解《口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP～14中文版）》与《老年口腔健康评价指数（GOHAI中文版）》各自特点及应用范围,指导口腔健康相关生存质量临床研究开展。方法：使用两种量表选取60岁以上、无认知障碍及视力疾患的老年人进行调查及口腔检查。通过对老年人口腔健康相关生存质量的测评,比较两份量表的维度、条目内部一致性及区分效度。结果：共250位老年人参与此次研究,收回有效量表221份,无效量表29份,数据缺失量表12份。比较两种量表平均得分GOHAI中文版比OHIP-14中文版高（P〈0．01）。两份量表都可由缺失牙数区分有牙颌人群的生存质量,同时能够区分出戴用活动义齿的人群与不戴用活动义齿的人群的生存质量,以及能通过自我评价口腔状况和满意程度方面来区分不同人群的生存质量。通过比较可认为这两份量表都具有一定的区分效度。结论：《老年口腔健康评价指数（GOHAI中文版）》和《口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-14中文版）》在信度、效度方面存在的差异并不明显,维度的分布方面则各有所侧重。     

老年口腔健康评价指数(GOHAI)中文版的研制

目的：老年口腔健康评价指数GOHAI中文版的研制及其心理测量学性质的考评。方法：按照国际生存质量评价(IQOLA)项目的标准程序，对GOHAI进行翻译、回译和文化调适，建立GOHAI中文版；使用GOHAI中文版和一般项目表，对随机抽取的60岁及以上老年人进行口腔健康生存质量调查，调查结果经统计分析，考评量表的信度、效度和反应度。结果：共有343位老年人接受调查。有效问卷312份，其中数据缺火问卷28份。GOHAI中文版内部一致性Cronbach’s a系数为O．8l，分半信度系数O．80，条目一量表相关系数往O．30～O．7l之间；各条目与所属方面间相关性强，与其他方面相关性较弱；量表得分与自我评价的口腔健康、治疗需要及牙齿数目间，呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为O．505、O．23l和0．653(P＜O．01)；不同口腔健康状况组的量表分数差异明显，口腔健康组得分显著高于口腔不健康组(P＜0．01)。结论：GOHAI中文版具有良好的信度、效度和反应度。其良好的心理测量学性质为其在我国的应用提供了理论依据，为我国老年人口腔健康生存质量的研究，提供了有效的测评工具。     

5条目口腔健康影响程度量表中文版的信度和效度研究

目的 对5条目口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-5）进行信度和效度评价。方法 按照国际生活质量量表准则,形成OHIP-5中文版,该量表包括5个条目。将OHIP-5中文版应用于就诊的患者,最终对调查结果进行统计学分析。采用内部一致性信度、重测信度对量表的信度进行考评;采用结构效度和收敛效度对量表的效度进行评价。结果 共回收有效问卷556份。量表总的克朗巴赫α系数为0.868,重测信度系数为0.831。经过验证性因子分析,修正模型的主要指标中,卡方/自由度=2.419,拟合指数=0.995,调整拟合指数=0.960,标准拟合指数=0.996,增量拟合指数=0.997,塔克-刘易斯指数=0.985,比较拟合指数=0.997,误差平方根近似值=0.070,均达到模型拟合标准。量表总分的Spearman’s等级相关系数为0.674。结论 OHIP-5中文版通过严格的性能测试,信度和效度良好,可在临床研究及流行病学调查中进一步推广应用。     

儿童口腔健康影响程度量表的研制

目的评价儿童口腔健康影响程度量表（CPQ11- 14）中文版的信度和效度,探讨其在中国儿童中应用的可行性。方法对CPQ11- 14进行翻译、回译、文化调适和改造,建立儿童口腔健康影响程度量表中文版。使用该量表和口腔健康自我评价表对南宁市218名11～14岁中、小学生进行口腔健康检查和口腔健康相关生存质量调查,考评量表的信度和效度。结果口腔健康影响程度量表的重测信度系数为0.82（P<0.001）,内部一致性Cronbach′s α系数为0.79。通过因子分析提取的5个因子显示,口腔健康影响程度量表存在预想的连带关系和逻辑关系。量表得分与自我评价的口腔健康状态、自我感觉口腔健康对生活质量的影响间有明显相关性,其相关系数分别为- 0.33和0.50（P<0.000 5）。量表得分与龋失补牙指数呈明显正相关（P<0.001）,与中学组错畸形情况（美牙指数）也呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论本量表具有良好的信度和效度,为在中国进一步推广应用提供了理论依据。     

儿童口腔健康相关生存质量量表信度与效度的验证研究

目的 通过对8～15岁儿童口腔健康相关生存质量量表(COHIP)中文版信度与效度的验证研究,探讨其在中国适龄儿童中应用的可行性.方法 按照国际生存质量评价项目的标准程序,对英文原版COHIP系列问卷中的儿童问卷、父母问卷分别进行翻译、回译、文化调适和改造,建立中文版COHIP,形成适应儿童口腔健康和治疗需求的自我评估问卷、内容效度指数(CvI)合格的评估量表.使用该系列量表对8～15岁的儿童及其家长进行儿童口腔健康相关生存质量调查,考评量表的信度和效度.结果 1 189对儿童及家长接受问卷调查,收回有效问卷1 143份,量表完成率为96.1％.COHIP儿童表内部一致性Cronbach's α[系数为0.903,条目-量表相关系数为0.134～0.611,Guttman分半信度系数为0.798,组内相关系数(ICC)为0.926.COHIP家长表内部一致性Cronbach'sα系数为0.796,条目-量表相关系数为0.121～0.614,Guttman分半信度系数为0.796,ICC为0.931.因子分析显示中文版量表所包含的条目存在预想的逻辑关系.结论 中文版COHIP具有良好的信度和效度,其良好的心理测量学性质为其在中国适龄儿童中的应用提供了理论依据.     

错(牙合)畸形影响量表（MIQ中文版）的研制与应用

目的通过对英文版错(牙合)畸形影响量表（Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire,MIQ）汉化后进行验证研究及性质考评,探讨汉化版本在中国青少年群体中应用的可行性。方法依据国际生存质量评价项目的标准程序,对MIQ进行翻译、回译、文化适配和版本更新,建立汉化错(牙合)畸形影响量表;应用汉化量表和儿童感知问卷（11～14岁）调查161例正畸患者的口腔健康生存质量,考评汉化量表的信度与效度。结果回收有效问卷161份。量表的内部一致性克朗巴哈α系数（Cronbach’sα）为0.887,条目与量表间的相关系数为0.0001～0.824;量表得分与儿童感知问卷（11～14岁）得分呈正相关,相关系数为0.444(P<0.001）。结论汉化版的错(牙合)畸形影响量表（MIQ中文版）具有良好的信度与效度,可在正畸临床治疗时在青少年群体中应用。     

口腔扁平苔藓患者口腔健康相关生活质量的初步研究

目的通过口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP）-14中文版了解口腔扁平苔藓患者口腔健康相关生活质量情况,探讨其应用于口腔扁平苔藓临床诊疗的可靠性和准确性。方法采用OHIP-14中文版对51例口腔扁平苔藓患者进行问卷调查,同时采用视觉类比标尺（VAS）对疼痛程度进行评分,REU评分系统对病损情况进行评分。通过SPSS 16.0软件对量表的信度和效度进行统计分析。结果OHIP-14的得分为21.67±9.45,量表的内部一致性Cronbach’s α系数为0.901,因子分析提取的5个公因子与量表各领域有密切的逻辑关系,量表得分与REU分值和VAS分值间呈正相关关系（r=0.608,0.807;P<0.000）。结论OHIP-14中文版评测口腔扁平苔藓患者的口腔健康相关生活质量具有较好的信度和效度,可为病情评估提供参考。     

儿童口腔健康相关生存质量量表的验证研究

目的通过对11～14岁儿童口腔健康相关生存质量量表(COHRQoL11-14)中文版的验证研究,探讨其在中国适龄人群中应用的可行性。方法按照国际生存质量评价项目的标准程序,对原版COHRQoL11-14系列问卷11～14岁儿童感知问卷(CPQ11-14)、父母感知问卷(PPQ)和家庭影响问卷(FIS)进行翻译、回译、文化调适和改造,建立COHRQoL11-14中文版。使用该系列量表对11～14岁的儿童及其家长进行儿童口腔健康相关生存质量调查,考评量表的信度和效度。结果 67对儿童及家长接受问卷调查,收回有效问卷CPQ11-1462份,PPQ和FIS各65份,量表的完成率在89%以上。CPQ11-14内部一致性Cronbach′sα系数为0.92,条目-量表相关系数为0.49～0.70,ICCs为0.90,分半信度系数为0.85。PPQ和FIS的Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.91和0.89,分半信度系数分别为0.84和0.83。因子分析显示中文版量表所包含的条目存在预想的逻辑关系。结论 COHRQoL11-14具有可接受的信度和效度,其良好的心理测量学性质为其在中国适龄儿童中的应用提供了理论依据。     

赫尔老年人口腔健康评价指数与口腔健康影响程度量表评价中国西南地区农村中老年人口腔生存质量的对比研究

目的 使用赫尔老年人口腔健康评价指数(GOHAI)和口腔健康影响程度(OHIP-14)量表评价中国西南地区农村中老年人的口腔健康生存质量,检验两量表信度,选出更适合评价中老年人口腔健康生存质量的量表.方法 随机抽取四川青川县和贵州习水县45岁以上中老年人,进行入户面对面的GOHAI和OHIP-14量表问卷调查,采用配对样本t检验,比较两量表在各个维度中老年人的得分,并分别计算两量表的克朗巴哈值进行信度比较.结果 GOHAI和OHIP-14量表对同一对象的口腔健康生存质量评价上一致性较高.中年人和老年人在这2个量表中各维度的得分中,除了GOHAI量表的心理维度得分无差异之外,其他维度得分在两表中均存在差异.信度分析发现OHIP-14量表内在稳定性和可靠性更高.结论 OHIP-14量表更适用于评价中老人的口腔健康生存质量.     

Validation of the Korean version of the oral health impact profile among the Korean elderly

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to validate a Korean version of the oral health impact profile (OHIP) and to develop a short-form of OHIP for the Korean elderly. METHODS: The original English version of OHIP was translated into Korean using a forward-backward method. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha among 1098 subjects aged 56 or more. Test-retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with a 3-month interval among 155 subjects aged 57 or more. The validity of the Korean version of OHIP (OHIP-K) was assessed by comparing OHIP scores with the perceived dental treatment needs and by identifying associations between OHIP scores and the number of natural teeth among 128 subjects aged 54 or more. The short-form of OHIP for the Korean elderly (OHIP-14K) was developed using linear regression models and was also validated and compared with the short-form of OHIP by Slade (OHIP-14S). RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value for OHIP-K was 0.97. The ICC for OHIP-K was 0.64. Adults with perceived dental treatment needs had a higher OHIP score than adults without any such needs (P < 0.001). The number of natural teeth was negatively associated with the OHIP score (r = -0.44, P < 0.001). OHIP-14K and OHIP-14S shared seven identical items out of a total of 14 items. OHIP-14K results correlated with OHIP-K almost exactly (r(2) = 0.96), as did OHIP-14S (r(2) = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: OHIP-K showed excellent reliability and validity. OHIP-14S may be a better choice for the evaluation of oral health-related quality of life among the Korean elderly for an international comparison.     

Validation of a Hebrew version of the Oral Health Impact Profile 14

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the validity of a Hebrew version of the Oral Health Impact Profile in a cross-sectional study of a general dental practice in Israel. METHODS: The original English version of a short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) was translated into Hebrew using the back-translation technique. Participants were interviewed and examined clinically by a calibrated dentist. Information on the subjects' sociodemographic background and oral health conditions was collected. RESULTS: A total of 142 persons were interviewed and clinically examined. The Cronbach's alpha and the standardized item alpha for OHIP-14 were both 0.88. Cronbach's alpha of the translated OHIP-14 subscales ranged from 0.48 to 0.76. Construct validity of the translated Hebrew version was supported by the finding that the total OHIP score correlated with the number of decayed teeth, missing teeth, need for prosthodontic treatment, and pattern of dental attendance. Participants with oral pain were more likely to report impact on one of the OHIP subscales and to have more impacts than participants who were pain free. CONCLUSIONS: The Hebrew version of OHIP-14 presented acceptable validity and reliability. Further research is needed to assess the value of this measure in Israel.     

Validation of a Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)

OBJECTIVES: To translate the original English version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) into a Chinese version, to validate the translated instrument for use among the elderly in Hong Kong and to derive a Chinese short-form OHIP. METHODS: The original English version of OHIP was translated into Chinese. Elderly persons aged 60-80 years were interviewed by two trained interviewers and examined clinically by one of two calibrated dentists. Information on subjects' demographic background and oral health conditions were collected. RESULTS: A total of 586 elderly persons were interviewed and clinically examined. Cronbach's alpha of the translated OHIP subscales ranged from 0.69 to 0.84 and the test-retest correlation coefficient ranged from 0.72 to 0.92. Construct validity of the translated Chinese version was supported by the finding that the OHIP-49 and subscale scores increased as the subject's perceived oral health status changed from healthy to unhealthy. Also, those who had a perceived dental treatment need had higher mean OHIP-49 and subscale scores compared to those who did not. The short-form OHIP derived in this study demonstrated comparable validity and reliability with the full version of OHIP. CONCLUSION: The translated Chinese version of OHIP demonstrated good validity and reliability. It is available for use by researchers in oral health-related quality of life studies in Chinese elderly populations. In situations where a Chinese short-form of OHIP is desirable, there are now two validated Chinese versions for researchers to choose.     

The mandarin Chinese shortened version of Oral Health Impact Profile for partially edentate patients with implant-supported prostheses

This study was to validate a mandarin Chinese version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) in China and to develop a shortened version of OHIP appropriate for use in partially dentate patients with implant-supported prostheses. The original 49 items of OHIP were translated into mandarin Chinese using a forward-backward method and administered to 580 subjects selected by stratified random sampling. Self-perceived oral health status and treatment need were also collected. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of OHIP (OHIP-C49) were validated. A shortened version (OHIP-I) was derived from the OHIP-C49 by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as expert-based approach in partially dentate patients (n=102) with implant-supported prostheses. For validation of the new modified shortened version, another independent sample of 97 partially dentate patients completed OHIP-I and their self-perceived oral health status at baseline and at least 3 months after dental implant rehabilitation. Five hundred and thirty-seven effectual questionnaires were reclaimed from the 580 subjects interviewed. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.78 to 0.96 and test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.84 to 0.97 for subscale and summary scores. Construct validity was demonstrated by priori hypothesised associations between the OHIP-C49 scores and self-perceived oral health (P<0.001). The reliability and validity of OHIP-I were similar to which of the OHIP-C49, and the responsiveness appeared able to measure the effect of dental implant therapy effectively. The mandarin version of OHIP-49 showed sufficient psychometric properties for Chinese. The modified shortened version (OHIP-I) may be appropriate for the evaluation of implant therapy outcomes in partially dentate Chinese patients.     

Evaluation of a Swedish version of the OHIP-14 among patients in general and specialist dental care

The aim of this study was to investigate the Swedish version of an oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) instrument, the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and to assess OHRQL among patients in general dental care and specialist clinics (periodontics, TMD and implant dentistry) in G?teborg, Sweden. Consecutively selected patients were asked to answer the OHIP-14, the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and a questionnaire including socio-demographic, general health and oral health questions. 153 patients (50-89 years old) out of 237 (65%) returned the questionnaires. Cronbach's Alpha among the OHIP items was high (0.93) and the corrected item-scale correlation varied between 0.51 and 0.79. The correlation between the OHIP-14 score and the GOHAI was high (-0.83) indicating good criterion validity. The mean additive OHIP-14 score was 22.6 (SD = 10.5). Implant patients scored significantly higher than other patient groups with respect to missing teeth, dentures and mobile teeth. High scores were also associated with perceived poor general health and dissatisfaction with life-situation. The test-retest reliability was assessed in a separate sample (n = 47) and the correlation coefficient was 0.85. The Swedish version of OHIP-14 demonstrated good reliability and validity. The poorer OHRQL reported by the implant patients reflects the strong association found between OHIP score and dentures and missing teeth, while OHIP-14 did not show similar sensitivity to other impacts of oral disorders.     

An Arabic version of the Oral Health Impact Profile: translation and psychometric properties

OBJECTIVES: To translate the original English version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) into an Arabic version, and to investigate the psychometric properties of the translated instrument among adults in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The original English version of OHIP with 49 items was translated into Arabic following accepted cultural adaptation technique guidelines using a forward-backward method. After pilot testing, the instrument was administered to 426 adults in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: A priori hypothesised associations between the OHIP summary score, self-reported oral health and five oral disorders were confirmed in a convenience sample of the general population (n = 356). These associations were interpreted as support for construct validity. The instrument's responsiveness, as indicated by a mean OHIP summary score change from 62.27 to 14.00, was established in 30 consecutive patients treated for complete and removable partial dentures. Test-retest reliability was demonstrated by intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.75 - 0.90 for dimensions and summary score (n = 40). Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha > 0.74) in the general population sample. CONCLUSION: Sufficient psychometric properties of the OHIP-A make the instrument suitable for assessment of oral health-related quality of life in Saudi Arabia.