Cox回归分析肝动脉化疗栓塞对大肠癌肝转移的疗效和预后的影响

目的 :分析TACE治疗大肠癌肝转移的疗效和影响预后的因素。方法:回顾性选取86例介入栓塞治疗后的大肠癌肝转移患者作为研究对象。利用Cox多元回归分析,判断TACE治疗大肠癌肝转移的疗效和影响预后的因素。结果:截止到随访结束日期,86例中,4例(4.7%)完全缓解(CR),40例(46.5%)部分缓解(PR),总有效率(CR+PR)为51.2%。所有患者在TACE治疗后,出现低热、右上腹胀痛、谷丙转氨酶轻度升高、消化道反应、骨髓抑制、食欲下降等,均可耐受。经过Cox多变量分析,富血供、高中分化者、无肝外转移者、大肠癌原发灶切除者、多次TACE治疗、碘化油沉积良好等为结直肠癌肝转移瘤TACE治疗的保护性因素,患者生存期延长。结论:TACE是治疗大肠癌肝转移有效的方法。肝转移瘤为富血供、高中分化者、无肝外转移者、大肠癌原发灶切除者、多次TACE治疗者、碘化油沉积良好等有利于提高患者的疗效和生存率。     

Radiofrequency ablation therapy of remnant colorectal liver metastases after a course of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy

The present study evaluated the feasibility of combined therapy employing repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) via a port-catheter system and radiofrequency (RF) ablation for unresectable metastatic liver cancer from the colo-rectum. RF ablation was performed for six patients with liver malignancies that had been well controlled and had decreased in number and size with repeated HAIC. After RF ablation subsequent to repeated HAIC, all six patients had stable disease or complete or partial remission as documented by follow-up contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) imaging. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F) showed complete response in all ablated lesions. In conclusion, RF ablation after a course of HAIC achieved complete necrosis in residual lesions after HAIC therapy.     

肝动脉内持续灌注治疗结直肠癌术后肝转移瘤

目的：探讨5－氟尿嘧啶（5－Fu)／甲酰四氢叶酸钙（CF）经肝动脉持续性灌注治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床疗效。方法：62例无外科手术指征的结直肠癌肝转移患者，其原发病灶均已作根除术，依据肝动脉内化疗方式不同分为2组：A组32例，采取经皮肝动脉内植入药盒，术后经药盒每个月连续5d持续灌注5－Fu／CF及地塞米松；B组30例，采取每个月1次肝动脉插管大剂量灌注5－Fu/CF。结果：A，B组有效率（完全缓解＋部分缓解）分别为50．0％和23．3％（P＜0．05）。A组1年，2年生率分别为65．6%，39．3％，B组分别为36．7％，11．5％（P＜0．05）。A组1年，2年生存率分别为65．6％，39．3％，B组分别为36．7％，11．5％（P＜0．05）。A组生存质量明显改善，肝，胆，胃十二指肠毒性均较B组低。结论：经药盒肝动脉持续性灌注5－Fu/CF并配合地塞米松治疗结直肠癌肝转移可明显改善患者生存质量，提高生存率。     

Portal vein embolisation prior to hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases and the effects of periprocedure chemotherapy

Portal vein embolisation (PVE) is an effective method of increasing future liver remnant (FLR) but may stimulate tumour growth. The effect of periprocedure chemotherapy has not been established. 15 consecutive patients underwent PVE prior to hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases with a FLR <30% of tumour-free liver (TFL). Liver and tumour volumes pre-PVE and 6 weeks post-PVE were calculated by CT or MRI volumetry and correlated with the periprocedure chemotherapy regimen. PVE increased the FLR from 18+/-5% of TFL to 27+/-8% post-PVE (p<0.01). Post-PVE chemotherapy did not prevent hypertrophy of the FLR but the volume increase with chemotherapy (median 89 ml, range 7-149 ml) was significantly reduced (median 135 ml, range 110-254 ml without chemotherapy) (p = 0.016). Tumour volume (TV) decreased in those receiving post-PVE chemotherapy (median TV decrease 8 ml, range -77 ml to +450 ml) and increased without chemotherapy (median TV increase 39 ml, range -58 ml to +239 ml). Of the 15 patients, eight underwent resection; four were not resected due to disease progression and three due to insufficient hypertrophy of the FLR. PVE increased the FLR by an average of 9% allowing resection in 50% of patients. Periprocedure chemotherapy did not prevent but did reduce hypertrophy. A trend towards tumour regression was observed.     

选择性肝动脉化疗药物灌注及栓塞治疗肝转移癌

目的 探讨选择性肝动脉化疗药物灌注及栓塞治疗肝转移癌的价值。材料与方法对122例失去手术机会的肝转移癌患者，采用经股动脉穿刺，选择性肝动脉插管灌注化疗药物(ADM，MMC，CDDP，5-FU)，并用ADM及碘化油乳化后检塞肝动脉。结果近期疗效以CT检查结果作为评价标准，总有效率为54％(66／122)，平均生存期22．2个月。0．5、1、2、3年生存率分别是98．3％、80．4％、40．9％、10．6％。结论经肝动脉化疗药物灌注及栓塞治疗是失去手术机会的肝转移癌患者的一种安全、有效的姑息性治疗方法，其不仅能提高疗效，而且能改善患者的生活质量。     

Trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for hepatic metastases from endocrine tumors

Our objective was to report the outcome in patients with liver metastasis from endocrine tumors who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as first-line non-surgical treatment. From January 1990 to December 2000, 14 patients with progressive unresectable liver metastases from digestive neuroendocrine tumor were treated with TACE (mean of 3.6 sessions) before any non-surgical treatment (somatostatin analogue, chemotherapy or interferon). Liver involvement was less than 50% in 11 patients. Size of the largest lesion ranged from 1.5 to 10 cm. Ten patients presented with carcinoid symptoms. The TACE was performed with Doxorubicin emulsified in Lipiodol and gelatin sponge particles. Symptomatic response upon flushes and/or diarrhea was complete in 7 of 10 cases and partial in 2 of 10 cases. An objective morphologic response was noted in 12 of 14 cases. The 5- and 10-year survival rate from diagnosis was 83 and 56%, respectively. Six patients were alive at the end of the study after 27–100 months from first TACE and 38–142 months from diagnosis. Three of them were successfully palliated for 55, 69, and 100 months with only TACE as treatment. Long-term palliation is possible in unresectable liver metastases from digestive neuroendocrine tumors with a few sessions of TACE as first-line and eventually exclusive treatment. Electronic Publication     

Evaluation of hepatic toxicity following high-dose 5-FU arterial infusion chemotherapy: analysis of 42 cases of colorectal liver metastases

The regional toxicity of an anticancer agent for normal liver tissue following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) was evaluated in terms of morphology, function, and histopathology. Forty-two patients(M:F = 30:12; mean age, 59.9 years) with liver metastases from colorectal cancer were treated with HAI using a totally implantable vascular access port system from July 1994 to March 1999. The regimen used here was so-called weekly high-dose 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) infusion(5-FU, 1,000 mg/m2/week). Volume measurement of the liver demonstrated not only whole liver atrophy including the tumor but also volume reduction of the non-tumorous lobe. Atrophic change of the liver was seen in patients who were administered over 20 g/m2 of 5-FU(p < 0.01). The CT attenuation values of the liver were examined, and fatty infiltration was seen in six patients. Histologic examination of liver biopsies from the non-tumorous part revealed steatosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the portal triad, which were not seen in specimens prior to HAI. On clinical laboratory findings, enzymes representing bile duct, including alkaline phosphatase, leucine amino peptidase, and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, were increased in 22 patients. In terms of regional toxicity for long-term HAI, 20 g/m2 of 5-FU, is the key dose at which to consider temporary cessation or dose reduction.     

经肝动脉栓塞治疗转移性肝癌的方法探讨及疗效分析

目的探讨经肝动脉化疗并栓塞治疗转移性肝癌的方法及效果。方法180例转移性肝癌患者经造影后根据血供情况分别采用单纯灌注化疗(HAI)、化疗并用稠度不同的碘油化疗药乳剂栓塞治疗(TACE),并观察其临床效果。结果临床效果以肝癌和直肠癌肝内转移最佳,有效率分别为87.5%、84.3%。少血管型化疗栓塞组有效率为86.3%,明显高于单纯灌注化疗组的73%(P<0.01)。结论经肝动脉化疗栓塞是治疗转移性肝癌的一种有效方法,对少血供型患者采用稀碘油化疗药乳剂适量栓塞可以明显提高治疗效果。     

射频消融术联合肝动脉化疗栓塞及西妥昔单抗治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效评价

目的 探究射频消融术(RFA)联合肝动脉栓塞化疗术(TACE)及西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)治疗结直肠癌肝转移的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月-2014年1月49例结直肠癌肝转移患者,分为治疗组(RFA+TACE+cetuximab)23例和对照组(TACE+cetuximab)26例,观察两组患者治疗后实体瘤疗效、1年总生存率(OS)、1年无进展生存率(PFS)及不良反应的情况.结果 治疗组的完全缓解率达到73.9％(17/23),明显优于对照组的26.9％(7/26),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组及对照组的OS差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但治疗组的1年PFS为52.2％,优于对照组的23.1％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于无法手术的结直肠癌肝转移患者,RFA联合TACE及西妥昔单抗治疗的近期疗效及1年PFS优于单纯TACE联合西妥昔单抗治疗,具有肿瘤完全坏死率高、肝内复发率低的优点.     

胃肠道肿瘤肝转移血管内介入治疗效果分析

目的：探讨多次动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗胃肠道肿瘤肝转移的效果。方法：43例胃肠道肿瘤肝转移患者行肝动脉化疗栓塞术。均于第三次治疗后2—4个月复查，观察瘤灶反应。结果：本组病例中完全缓解7．0％(3／43)，部分缓解44．2％(19／43)，无变化25．6％(11／43)，进展23．3％(10／43)，有效率51．2％(22／43)。6个月、12个月、2年生存率分别为92．6％、70．4％、14．8％。结论：动脉化疗栓塞法治疗胃肠道肿瘤肝转移有确切疗效，对于乏血供转移灶亦有良好效果。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术所致皮肤损伤并发症分析

目的 探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤患者行经动脉灌注化疗栓塞术(TACE)所致皮肤与皮下组织损伤的原因及预防处理措施.方法 回顾性分析2008年4月至2009年4月经治的因肝脏恶性肿瘤而行TACE治疗的病例,筛检出TACE所致的皮肤并发症病例.结果 中国医学科学院肿瘤医院共对1 607例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者进行了肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗,其...     

Colorectal liver metastases: regional chemotherapy via transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic chemoperfusion: an update

Liver metastasis is one of the main problems encountered in colorectal cancer management as the liver is the most common metastatic site. Several treatment options are available, among which transarterial chemotherapy has proved effective in achieving some local tumour control, improving the quality of life through symptomatic control as well as survival time. The present paper is intended to provide an overview of the techniques, indications and results of regional chemotherapy, which comprises transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and chemoperfusion. This treatment approach has symptomatic, palliative, adjuvant and potentially curative objectives. We reviewed the studies involving TACE and chemoperfusion of colorectal liver metastases during the last few years to update the previous reviews published on this subject. The results achieved were so variable, due to the variations in patient selection criteria and regimens used between the different studies. The median survival ranged from 9 to 62 months and the morphological response ranged from 14 to 76%. Technical aspects, results, and complications of this modality will be demonstrated with a detailed analysis and comments.     

Feasibility of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatic adenoma

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatic adenoma (HA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 1989 and June 2006, TACE was performed in seven patients with HA (five male and two female patients; mean age, 25 years). The therapeutic results were evaluated by reviewing the clinical records and radiologic studies. The causes of HA were hormonal therapy for aplastic anemia (n = 4) and glycogen storage disease type I (n = 2); in one patient, the cause was unknown. The presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (n = 4) and lower-extremity edema (n = 1). Two patients had no symptoms at presentation. Rupture (n = 1) or impending rupture (n = 3) of the tumors was detected on computed tomographic (CT) scans obtained before TACE. Clinical results were assessed at subsequent TACE sessions and follow-up CT. The mean follow-up duration after the first TACE session was 88 months (range, 16-200 months). The change in tumor size at CT was measured to evaluate the therapeutic results. RESULTS: The preexisting symptoms were relieved and no procedural-related complications were observed in all patients. Hemostasis and no further bleeding episodes were achieved in patients with rupture or impending rupture with intratumoral hemorrhage. The treatment results were complete remission (n = 2), tumor regression in size by more than 50% (n = 4), and progression (n = 1) at follow-up CT. CONCLUSION: TACE is a feasible therapeutic modality for HA.     

Development of extrahepatic arterial blood supply to the liver during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of development of the collateral circulation to the liver during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with the presence of hepatic tumours adjacent to the hepatic surface, and with pretreatment occlusion of aberrant hepatic arteries. In 102 patients with unresectable malignant hepatic tumours treated with HAIC using an implantable port system, development of collaterals to the liver was assessed with CT arteriography using the implantable port and pre- and postoperative angiography. Aberrant hepatic arteries, if present, were occluded prior to treatment for hepatic arterial redistribution. Collaterals to the liver were seen in 29 patients, who had 35 areas with collateral perfusion: 22 areas were in the right posterosuperior area, 6 in the left peripheral area and 7 in the right or left lobar area. Collaterals were revealed more frequently in patients with hepatic tumours adjacent to the hepatic surface than in those without hepatic tumours in peripheral areas in the liver (p < 0.0001). In addition, collaterals developed more frequently in patients with an aberrant hepatic arterial anatomy compared with those with conventional anatomy (p = 0.0007). Our results indicated that patients with hepatic tumours adjacent to the hepatic surface and with pretreatment occlusion of aberrant hepatic arteries had the potential to develop collaterals to the liver during HAIC. Received 4 November 1997; Revision received 24 February 1998; Accepted 2 June 1998     

肝动脉热化疗及热碘油栓塞治疗结肠直肠癌肝转移

目的评价肝动脉热化疗及热碘油栓塞治疗结肠直肠癌肝转移瘤的效果。方法68例结肠直肠癌肝转移瘤患者分为2组,采用肝动脉热化疗及热碘油栓塞治疗的34例作为热疗组,采用常温动脉化疗及碘油栓塞治疗的34例作为常规组。结果热疗组有效率为65％（22／34）,常规组有效率为32％（11／34）,两组间差异有统计学意义。两组术后肝功能变化差异无统计学意义。6、12、18和24个月生存率热疗组分别为100％、82％、44％和18％,常规组分别为91％、47％、15％和6％。结论肝动脉热化疗及热碘油栓塞治疗结肠直肠癌肝转移是一种有效的方法,而对肝功能无明显的损害。     

胃肠道间质瘤肝转移介入治疗疗效分析

目的观察经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)肝转移的临床疗效。方法对4例胃肠道间质瘤肝转移患者共19个病灶,病灶直径2～5cm,经肝动脉灌注FuDR、CDDP、EPI-ADM,用超液化碘油和明胶海绵作动脉栓塞,每例平均2～4次。结果DSA显示GIST肝转移灶动脉血供丰富,染色明显,经TACE治疗后,肝转移灶未见缩小,碘油较快被清除,4例患者无CR或PR,2例改服伊马替尼有效。结论有限的病例显示TACE治疗胃肠道间质瘤肝转移未见明显疗效。     

Potential of MR histogram analyses for prediction of response to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal hepatic metastases

Purpose

To determine if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) histogram analyses can help predict response to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal hepatic metastases by using response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST1.1) as the reference standard.

Materials and methods

Standard MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (b=0, 500 s/mm²) was performed before chemotherapy in 53 patients with colorectal hepatic metastases. Histograms were performed for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, arterial, and portal venous phase images; thereafter, mean, percentiles (1st, 10th, 50th, 90th, 99th), skewness, kurtosis, and variance were generated. Quantitative histogram parameters were compared between responders (partial and complete response, n=15) and non-responders (progressive and stable disease, n=38). Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses were further analyzed for the significant parameters.

Results

The mean, 1st percentile, 10th percentile, 50th percentile, 90th percentile, 99th percentile of the ADC maps were significantly lower in responding group than that in non-responding group (p=0.000–0.002) with area under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.76–0.82. The histogram parameters of arterial and portal venous phase showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups.

Conclusion

Histogram-derived parameters for ADC maps seem to be a promising tool for predicting response to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal hepatic metastases.

Key Points

? ADC histogram analyses can potentially predict chemotherapy response in colorectal liver metastases. ? Lower histogram-derived parameters (mean, percentiles) for ADC tend to have good response. ? MR enhancement histogram analyses are not reliable to predict response.