胸腺非典型性类癌的临床病理及免疫组化表型

目的：了解胸腺非典型性类癌的临床病理特征。方法：收集2例胸腺非典型性类癌的临床资料,手术切除组织光镜切片观察,另作10项免疫组织化学标记：CKp,EMA,Ki-67,CD3,CD20,CD5,TdT,NSE,CgA,Syn。结果：2例胸腺非典型性类癌均为男性,纵膈肿瘤,由小园形细胞构成。瘤细胞CKp、EMA、NSE、CgA、Syn阳性,CD3、CD5、CD20、TdT阴性,Ki-67核阳性细胞指数〉20%,肿瘤有显著坏死。结论：非典型性类癌是一种罕见的胸腺肿瘤,诊断靠病理组织学和免疫组织化学标记,手术切除为主要治疗方法。     

化生性胸腺瘤的临床病理特征及免疫组化表型

目的:了解化生性胸腺瘤的临床病理特征.方法:收集2例化生性胸腺瘤的临床资料,手术切除组织光镜切片观察,另作10项免疫组织化学标记,CKp,EMA,Vimentin,SMA, Ki-67,CD3和CD5,TdT,CD20.结果:2例化生性胸腺瘤均为女性,前上纵膈包膜完整的肿瘤,由上皮细胞岛和梭形细胞束构成.上皮细胞岛CKp 阳性,Vimentin 阴性,梭形细胞Vimentin阳性,CKp和EMA阴性.瘤组织CD3,CD5,TdT和CD20阴性.Ki-67核阳性细胞指数<5%,肿瘤无坏死. 结论:化生性胸腺瘤是一种罕见的胸腺肿瘤,诊断靠病理组织学和免疫组织化学标记,手术切除为主要的治疗方法.     

肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌的临床病理特点及诊断、鉴别诊断.方法:对1例肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌进行临床病理学及免疫组织化学分析.结果:肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌患者临床无特殊表现,肿块与周围肾组织分界清楚.镜下观察:肿瘤呈不规则管状结构、间质呈黏液状,瘤细胞呈立方形或梭形、胞浆嗜酸,核形规则,核分裂少见.免疫组化染色AE1/AE3、EMA、Vimentin阳性表达,S-100、Desmin、SMA、CD34、HMB45、CD10、CD15、CgA、Syn、NSE、CD99阴性表达,Ki-67(3%).结论:肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌为少见肿瘤,明确该肿瘤的组织起源及病理特征,对于病理与临床诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义.     

低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤的临床病理特征

目的:了解低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤的临床病理特征.方法:收集2例低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤的临床资料,手术切除组织光镜切片观察,另作9项免疫组织化学标记,CKp,EMA,Vimentin,SMA,MSA,CD34,CD99,S-100,CD68.结果:2例男女各1例, 肿瘤由梭形细胞区和星形细胞黏液样区构成,1例有典型的巨形菊形团样结构.肿瘤呈浸润性生长,易复发.免疫组织化学标记瘤组织CKp,EMA,Vimentin,SMA,MSA,CD34,CD99,S-100,CD68阴性,Vimentin阳性.结论:低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤的诊断靠病理组织学和免疫组织化学标记,手术切除为主要的治疗方法.     

胸腺淋巴瘤1例病案报道及文献回顾

目的：报道1例原发于胸腺的非霍奇金氏恶性淋巴瘤,并结合文献探讨其临床及组织病理学特点。方法：对1例原发性胸腺非霍奇金氏恶性淋巴瘤进行常规病理及免疫组化观察。结果：显微镜下,肿瘤细胞大小较一致,排列密集,弥漫分布,核深染,圆形或卵圆形。免疫组织化学染色结果示：肿瘤细胞表达LCA、CD3、CD45RO、TdT及Vimentin,不表达CD79a、CD20、CD99、CD3、CD30、CD15、CD68、NSE、Syn、CgA、SCLC、CK、CK7及EMA。基因受体重排显示TCR基因发生克隆性重排。结论：原发性胸腺淋巴瘤极为罕见,临床诊断应排除白血病或其他部位淋巴瘤的转移。在日常临床工作中如遇到胸腺肿瘤,除胸腺较常见的肿瘤外,还应考虑淋巴瘤。     

肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌的临床病理特点及诊断、鉴别诊断。方法：对1例肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌进行临床病理学及免疫组织化学分析。结果：肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌患者临床无特殊表现,肿块与周围肾组织分界清楚。镜下观察：肿瘤呈不规则管状结构、间质呈黏液状,瘤细胞呈立方形或梭形、胞浆嗜酸,核形规则,核分裂少见。免疫组化染色AE1／AE3、EMA、Vimentin阳性表达,S-100、Desmin、SMA、CD34、HMB45、CD10、CD15、CgA、Syn、NSE、CD99阴性表达,Ki-67（3％）。结论：肾黏液小管状和梭形细胞癌为少见肿瘤,明确该肿瘤的组织起源及病理特征,对于病理与临床诊断和鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

阑尾杯状细胞类癌的临床病理分析

目的 探讨阑尾杯状细胞类癌（GCC）的临床病理特征、诊断标准及治疗预后.方法 分析郑州大学附属洛阳市中心医院6例GCC患者的临床病理资料.结果 6例患者平均发病年龄为48.67岁,临床上4例表现为急性阑尾炎的症状和体征,2例表现为腹部疼痛;手术方式：4例为阑尾单纯切除术,2例为阑尾切除术＋右半结肠切除术;术后平均随访30个月,5例健康生存,1例失访.大体观察阑尾无明显肿块.显微镜下观察：4例肿瘤细胞似肠腺杯状细胞,无异型性和坏死,缺乏核分裂象,2例肿瘤细胞呈圆形及多边形,中等大小,胞质丰富,富含黏液,细胞核偏于一侧,呈印戒细胞样,瘤细胞呈巢状、花环状、腺样弥漫散在排列.免疫组织化学示：Syn阳性6例,CgA阳性4例,NSE、CD56、CK7、CK20均有患者阳性,5例Ki-67≤2％,1例Ki-67为3％,6例均未发现淋巴结、肠道、卵巢转移.结论 GCC是一种少见的神经内分泌肿瘤,较经典类癌更具有侵袭性.Syn、CgA阳性为诊断所必需的,Ki-67阳性指数对肿瘤分级有指导意义.     

促泌素在小细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:比较促泌素（secretagogin ，SCGN）与传统神经内分泌标记物在小细胞癌中的表达差异。方法:收集诊断为小细胞癌的标本共39例，其中包括26例小细胞肺癌，13例食管小细胞癌。同时选取肺非典型类癌10例、鳞状细胞癌和腺癌各5 例，食管非典型类癌3 例、鳞状细胞癌和腺癌各5 例作为对照。所有标本均使用SCGN、PGP 9.5、CD56、NSE 、Syn 及CgA 进行SP两步法免疫组织化学染色。结果:97.4%（38/39）小细胞癌表达SCGN，在所有标记中的表达率最高，与NSE 、PGP 9.5 及CgA 比较有显著性差异（P<0.01）；其中SCGN 在肺和食管小细胞癌中的阳性表达率分别为100%（26/26）、92.3%（12/13），两者差异统计学意义（P>0.05）；余标记在肺和食管小细胞癌的表达率也无器官差异性（P>0.05）。 SCGN 在肺和食管非典型类癌中的阳性表达率分别为80.0%（8/10）33.3%（1/3），与相应部位小细胞癌表达率无统计学差异（P>0.05）；余标记在肺非典型类癌与小细胞癌、食管非典型类癌与小细胞癌中的表达率也均无统计差异（P>0.05）。 所有肺和食管的鳞状细胞癌、腺癌均不表达SCGN。结论:SCGN 可作为一种新型的神经内分泌标记物应用于小细胞癌的临床病理诊断，推荐选择SCGN、CD56和Syn 免疫标记组合。同时需要注意的是，SCGN 在肺和食管小细胞癌中的表达无器官差异性，且对小细胞癌与非典型类癌无鉴别诊断价值。      

低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤的临床病理特征

目的：了解低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤的临床病理特征。方法：收集2例低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤的临床资料,手术切除组织光镜切片观察,另作9项免疫组织化学标记,CKp,EMA,Vimentin,SMA,MSA,CD34,CD99,S-100,CD68。结果：2例男女各1例,肿瘤由梭形细胞区和星形细胞黏液样区构成,1例有典型的巨形菊形团样结构。肿瘤呈浸润性生长,易复发。免疫组织化学标记瘤组织cKp,EMA,Vimentin,SMA,MSA,CD34,CD99,S-100,CD68阴性,Vimentin阳性。结论：低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤的诊断靠病理组织学和免疫组织化学标记,手术切除为主要的治疗方法。     

CD56在小细胞癌组织中的表达及其对诊断的作用

背景与目的:小细胞癌(smallcellcarcinoma,SCC)是恶性度及死亡率高的少见恶性肿瘤,临床病理目前常用神经特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specificenolase,NSE),触突素(synaptophysin,SYN),嗜铬蛋白(chromograninA,CgA)标记协助诊断,本项目拟研究CD56在小细胞癌组织中的表达并探讨把CD56作为临床病理诊断小细胞癌的标记分子的可能性。方法:收集小细胞癌病例标本共80例,包括肺原发病例42例,其中伴淋巴结转移20例;食管原发病例21例,结直肠原发病例17例。另外随机选取肺非小细胞癌38例作为对照(肺鳞癌26例,肺腺111癌12例),其中淋巴结转移28例。所有标本用CD56,NSE,Syn,CgA,CK和EMA进行免疫组化染色。结果:CD56在肺小细胞癌肿瘤组织及其淋巴结转移灶组织中阳性率显著高于在肺非小细胞癌中阳性率,其在肺小细胞癌原发灶阳性率为90.5%(38/42),转移灶为90.0%(18/20),其在肺非小细胞癌原发灶阳性率为7.8%(3/38),转移灶为3.5%(1/28)(H=85.731,P<0.001),它在小细胞癌肿瘤组织中阳性率明显高于NSE,CgA,CK与EMA的阳性率,其阳性率分别为:CD5686.3%(69/80),Syn78.8%(63/80),CgA73.8%(59/80),EMA66.3%(53/80),CK61.3%(49/80),NSE56.3%(45/80)(H=38.871,P<0.001)。CD56在肺、食管及结直肠小细胞癌中阳性率比较无显著差异,其阳性率分别为肺90.5%(38/42),食管81.0%(17/21),结直肠82.4%(14/17)(H=1.651,P=0.438)。结论:CD56在小细胞癌组织中无论是原发灶还是淋巴结转移灶的阳性率均高,且无器官特异性;CD56可作为临床病理诊断小细胞癌的阳性标记物。     

Immunocytochemical analysis of breast cells obtained by ductal lavage

BACKGROUND: Intraductal breast fluids containing exfoliated mammary epithelial cells can be harvested from the breast by ductal lavage to screen for disease-associated cytologic abnormalities. In addition to epithelial cells, breast fluids contain large numbers of mammary foam cells, and the tissue of origin of these foam cells has been the subject of controversy for many years. Immunocytochemical, morphologic, and molecular studies variously have supported a mammary epithelial origin versus a histiocytic origin for this cell type. In the current study, the authors performed immunocytochemical analysis with epithelial specific and macrophage specific antibodies to characterize and quantify breast cells obtained by ductal lavage. METHODS: Breast fluids were harvested from 19 individual breast ducts in 15 female patients by ductal lavage. Cells from each specimen were processed for immunocytochemical staining using the AE1/AE3 multicytokeratin and CD68 (clone KP1) monoclonal antibodies. Cells were classified as mammary epithelial cells or mammary foam cells on the basis of morphologic criteria, and the cells were counted and evaluated for immunoreactivity with epithelial specific and macrophage specific antibodies. RESULTS: The CD68 macrophage specific antibody stained all ductal lavage cells that exhibited foam cell morphology. The AE1/AE3 multicytokeratin antibody demonstrated strong, positive staining of cells that exhibited epithelial morphology but failed to demonstrate significant staining of mammary foam cells. The lavage specimens contained a range of 3040-278,850 epithelial cells and 2230-90,480 foam cells. The median numbers of epithelial cells and foam cells per lavage sample were 15,680 and 29,200, respectively. The ratio of epithelial cells to foam cells varied among specimens ranging from 3.4 to 0.09 (median, 0.8). Seven of 19 lavage specimens contained more epithelial cells than foam cells, whereas 12 samples contained a greater proportion of foam cells. CONCLUSIONS: Immunocytochemical analysis using the AE1/AE3 multicytokeratin and CD68 antibodies supports a histiocytic origin for the majority of mammary foam cells harvested from the ductal system of the human breast by ductal lavage. Although mammary foam cells constitute a significant proportion of the cellular population obtained by ductal lavage, thousands of epithelial cells also are harvested.     

心包原发性恶性间皮瘤的临床特点及病理观察

目的:了解心包原发性恶性间皮瘤(primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma,PMPM)的临床病理特点。方法:收集2例PMPM患者的临床资料。切除组织HE染色光镜观察,免疫组织化学做CKp、CK18、EMA、MC、Vimentin、CEA、Calretinin、TTF1、Tg标记。结果:2例PMPM是以上皮细胞为主型,呈乳头状和腺管样排列。免疫组织化学标记瘤组织CKp、CK18、Vimentin、Calretinin阳性。MC例1阳性,例2阴性,EMA例1阴性,例2阳性。临床改变似心包炎和心包积液。结论:恶性心包间皮瘤临床改变似心包炎,只有病理检查才能确诊。     

涎腺淋巴上皮癌5例临床病理分析

目的:探讨涎腺淋巴上皮癌的临床病理学特征.方法:对5例涎腺淋巴上皮癌的临床特征、组织学形态和免疫组织化学表型进行观察,并对相关文献进行复习.结果:4例肿瘤发生在腮腺,1例发生于左颌下腺.其中1例继发于良性淋巴上皮病变.临床主要表现为局部包块,活动度差,伴有疼痛.组织学特点:涎腺组织中淋巴组织及纤维组织增生,淋巴样间质中见上皮样肿瘤细胞团呈片状、岛状、条索状和巢状浸润,淋巴细胞呈多少不一浸润肿瘤组织,肿瘤细胞核呈泡状,可见淋巴滤泡形成.免疫组化检测,瘤细胞AE1/AE3(+),EMA(+),p63(+),CK5/6(+),S-100(-),SMA(-),Vimentin(-),LCA(-),肿瘤间质淋巴细胞表达CD3(+)或CD20(+);原位杂交检测,瘤细胞EBER(+).结论:涎腺的淋巴上皮癌作为独立的肿瘤实体,有其特征,免疫表型呈AE1/AE3(+),EMA(+),p63(+),CK5/6(+),需与良性淋巴上皮病变等鉴别.     

A keratin epitope that is exposed in a subpopulation of preneoplastic and neoplastic mouse mammary epithelial cells but not in normal cells

Three monoclonal anti-keratin antibodies, AE1, AE3, and AE4, were used to compare the expression of keratins in normal, preneoplastic, and malignant mouse mammary epithelial cells growing in primary culture. In indirect immunofluorescence, AE1 did not stain normal cells but did stain a minority of preneoplastic and carcinoma cells. AE3 reacted with a subpopulation of epithelial cells in both the normal and abnormal cultures, except for certain cultures from one type of tumor wherein all of the epithelial cells were reactive. AE4 decorated an elaborate keratin filament network in all cultured mammary epithelial cells, regardless of neoplastic state. In double-label immunofluorescence, a guinea pig anti-keratin antiserum, which reacts preferentially with myoepithelial cells, exhibited coincident staining with AE1 in the tumor cultures and AE3 in the normal and most tumor cultures, indicating that the cells recognized by the antibodies in these populations were myoepithelial. Immunoblot experiments with cytoskeletal polypeptides extracted from the normal and tumor cells demonstrated that the set of keratins recognized by each monoclonal antibody was essentially the same in all of the cells except for a Mr 40,000 component that was present in normal cells but either absent or diminished in the cancer cells. Thus, while normal cells had Mr 40,000 and 50,000 keratins recognized by AE1, the epitope detected by this antibody was apparently concealed or "masked" in situ. AE3 reacted in immunoblots with a major keratin group (Mr 54,000-55,000) and a minor keratin (Mr 57,000), while AE4 reacted only with the Mr 54,000-55,000 keratin species. Because immunofluorescence with AE4 showed that the Mr 54,000-55,000 keratin group was present in all mammary epithelial cells, the AE3-reactive epitope must be masked in the majority of normal and tumor cells. The data therefore showed that epitopes on three major keratins, the Mr 40,000, 50,000, and 54,000-55,000 group, were "masked" in normal cells, whereas in tumor cells "masking" involved primarily the Mr 54,000-55,000 keratin. Attempts to "unmask" the epitopes recognized by AE1 in normal cells or to increase the number of cells reactive with AE3 in the normal and tumor cultures failed. Thus, certain cultured preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary cells with a myoepithelial phenotype have an altered organization of keratins that is manifested by a keratin antigenic determinant which is visible by immunocytochemistry in the abnormal cells but not in normal mouse mammary cells. This is the first demonstration that the immunoreactivity of keratins can be modified during neoplastic progression of epithelial cells.     

小腿软组织促纤维组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤临床病理观察(附1例)

目的:探讨促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤(DSRCT)的临床病理特点及免疫组化表型及鉴别诊断。方法:对1例DSRCT患者的临床特征、组织学形态及免疫组化表型进行研究,并复习有关文献。结果:DSRCT由成巢的小圆细胞组成。核深染、浆少。纤维组织增生性间质围绕肿瘤细胞巢,可伴透明变性或黏液样变。间质内可有明显血管:毛细血管丛,较大厚壁血管。提示是对肿瘤的增生性反应。核分裂像多。免疫组化多种表型,可表达上皮性、肌性和神经性分化CKAE1/AE3(+)、Vim(+)、Des(+)、NSE(+)、CD99(+)、EMA灶(+)、Myoglobin(+)等。结论:DSRCT为罕见的、侵袭力强的高度恶性肿瘤,瘤细胞具有神经、间叶和上皮标记复合表达。主要累及儿童和年轻男性,一般表现为广泛的腹腔浆膜受累,发病年龄20-30岁。95%发生在腹腔内,常位于后腹膜、盆腔、网膜和肠系膜。临床上位于腹腔外的病例非常罕见,主要在胸腔和睾丸旁区域,个别病例发生在肢体,头颈部和大脑。侵袭性高,预后差,70%因广泛转移而亡。     

Anaplastic meningioma with papillary, rhabdoid, and epithelial features: a case report

A 74-year-old man manifested disturbed consciousness and right hemiparesis. Computed tomography revealed a left frontal parasagittal meningeal tumor with extensive peritumoral brain edema and skull invasion. Subtotal removal was performed. Five years later, he underwent two more operations of massive recurrences. Pathological studies revealed anaplastic meningioma with two different histological areas. One was an epithelial and meningothelial area, and the other was a papillary and rhabdoid area. In the papillary and rhabdoid area, small tumor cells with a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio proliferated densely around the dilated central capillaries with a pseudopapillary pattern. Many rhabdoid cells (vimentin ++, cytokeratin AE1/AE3+, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA]++) tended to be distributed far from the central capillaries. There were many mitotic figures near the central vessels. Dense MIB1-positive nuclei were also observed near the central vessels. The trabecular pattern of the tumor cells in the epithelial area was quite different from the histological features of chordoid meningioma.     

Leukemogenesis in vitro induced by thymus epithelial reticulum cells transmitting murine leukemia viruses.

The role of the thymus in induction of leukemia was studied in vitro. Curltivation of normal thymus cells on thymus epithelial reticulum cell monolayers that had been grown from radiation leukemia virus-induced leukemic thymuses rendered the thymocytes leukemic. C57BL/6 thymocytes were cultivated for 3 days on leukemic thymus reticulum monolayers, and 106 thymocytes were injected i.p. into young adult C57BL/6 mice. After 3 to 4 weeks all mice died of disseminated lymphatic leukemia. Mice given thymocytes that had been cultivated on thymus epithelial reticulum monolayers from normal mice did not develop lymphomas. The leukemic thymus epithelial reticulum cells were shown to produce thymotropic as well as ecotropic and xenotropic radiation leukemia virus. (Thymotropic virus has affinity for thymus lymphocytes but noes not infect fibroblasts.) The cells were brightly positive for murine leukemia virus group-specific antigen in immunofluorescence tests. Leukemic thymus epithelial reticulum cells produced ample infectious exotropic virus in the culture supernatant, although the cells were negative in the XC syncytia test. Upon infection of mouse fibroblasts with ecotropic virus produced by the leukemic reticulum cells, XC syncytia were readily obtained. Thymocytes that were cultivated on leukemic thymus reticulum cells became positive for murine leukemia virus group-specific antigen and produced syncytia in the XC test. Thus, in vitro lymphomagenesis of the thymocytes that were cultured on leukemic thymus reticulum cells was associated with their infection with thymotropic and ecotropic radiation leukemia virus.     

纵膈异位胰腺1例并文献复习

目的：探讨纵隔异位胰腺的临床病理特点。方法：对我院收治的1例发生于纵隔的异位胰腺的临床表现、组织形态学及免疫组化进行分析,并复习相关文献。结果：患者,男,27岁,一般情况良好,无发热、胸痛、咳嗽和呼吸困难。光镜下可见胰腺导管及腺泡为病变的单一组成成分,细胞分化良好,没有异型性。免疫组织化学染色显示肿瘤细胞CK（AE1/AE3）和AACT阳性;CgA、Syn、Calretinin、TTF-1和CEA阴性。结论：纵隔异位胰腺十分罕见,需充分取材并排除畸胎瘤的可能,方可诊断。当年轻患者在纵膈发现巨大囊肿,又无明显症状,应该考虑异位胰腺。     

新疆儿童肾母细胞瘤的临床病理研究

目的 探讨儿童肾母细胞瘤的临床病理特征、免疫表型及鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析22例儿童肾母细胞瘤(包含3例会诊病例)的临床病理资料,观察肿瘤的组织形态学及免疫表型特点.结果 22例儿童肾母细胞瘤年龄6个月~11岁,≤5岁者共19例(86%),男/女比例1:1.75,维族16例,汉族6例,维族明显高于汉族.肿瘤最大径4~17 cm(平均9.9 cm).镜下:肿瘤主要由3种成分构成:未分化的胚芽组织、间叶成分和上皮成分,以混合型最多.免疫组化:AE1/AE3,Vimentin,WT1阳性率分别为73.7%,84.2%,89.5%;Ki-67值为10%~90%(平均57.4%).肿瘤伴横纹肌及神经内分泌分化时Desmin(26.3%),NSE(52.6%)阳性.结论 肾母细胞瘤是儿童常见的肾原发性恶性肿瘤,肿瘤呈三相分化,免疫组化表达AE1/AE3、Vimentin、WT1、Desmin和NSE,有助于诊断和鉴别诊断.