Subtelomeric rearrangements and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in anomalous growth-restricted fetuses with normal or balanced G-banded karyotype.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequencies of cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements and 22q11.2 deletion in anomalous growth-restricted fetuses with normal or balanced G-banded karyotypes. METHODS: This was a study of 27 consecutive fetuses at a median gestational age of 26 (range, 19-33) weeks, that had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as well as at least one major structural anomaly, and a normal or balanced G-banded karyotype. The median maternal age was 29 (range, 17-39) years. Fluorescence z in-situ hybridization (FISH) diagnosis of the cultured amniocytes with the probe TUPLE 1, and then the Chromoprobe Multiprobe-T system were used, respectively, to screen for the frequency of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and subtelomeric rearrangements involving the 41 unique chromosome ends (i.e. excluding the five short arms of acrocentric autosomes (no. 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22)). Those that had suspected deleted subtelomeres were reanalyzed with a specific subtelomeric probe, TelVysion. RESULTS: Of the 27 fetuses, three (11%) were affected with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and two (7.4%) had subtelomeric deletions (one monosomy 21q22.3, one monosomy 1p36.3). Of the 11 fetuses with congenital heart defects, three (27.3%) had 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and one (9.1%) had monosomy 1p36.3. In the remaining 16 fetuses without congenital heart defects, none had 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. However, one (6.3%) had cryptic rearrangement involving subtelomeres. CONCLUSION: Prenatal subtelomeric FISH screening is technically feasible using cultured amniocytes. We propose that 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and cryptic subtelomere rearrangements may be important etiologies of fetuses with IUGR and at least one structural anomaly, along with a normal karyotype or one that is balanced by traditional G-banding. Fetuses with congenital heart defects and IUGR should undergo FISH to exclude 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. In fetuses with IUGR and at least one major structural anomaly but without congenital heart defects, screening of subtelomeric rearrangements may contribute to further elucidation of the underlying etiology.     

First-trimester prenatal diagnosis of a familial subtelomeric translocation.

A new fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique utilizes a complete set of telomeric probes to screen for deletions or rearrangements within the subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes on a single slide. Such cryptic chromosome rearrangements would otherwise remain undetected by standard cytogenetic analysis. In this case report, we describe the first-trimester prenatal diagnosis of an unbalanced rearrangement in a family where such a cryptic subtelomeric rearrangement is segregating. Interestingly the fetus was also noted to have an increased nuchal translucency at the time first-trimester chorionic villus sampling was performed and a FISH diagnosis made. The result was subsequently confirmed on fetal material obtained after elective termination of the pregnancy. We believe this to be the first report in the literature (as by Medline, December 1999) of a first-trimester prenatal diagnosis using such subtelomeric probes where confirmation by conventional cytogenetic analysis was not possible.     

多重荧光原位杂交检测骨髓增生异常综合征患者复杂核型异常

目的 探讨多重荧光原位杂交（M-FISH）技术存骨髓增牛异常综合征（MDS）患者复杂核型异常检测中的应用价值。方法 对10例常规R显带具有复杂染色体异常（CCA）的MDS患者应用M-FISH确定复杂染色体的重排及标记染色体的组成，识刖并确定微小易位。结果 M-FISH共检出37种结构重排，包括插入易位、缺夫、易值及衍生染色体，其中34种为不平衡重排；3种为平衡重排，包括：t（6；22）（q21；q12）、t（9；19）（q13；p13）和t（3；5）（？；？），有7种重排文献未见报道，涉及17号染色体的异常及-5／5q-最为常见（10例患者中两种异常各占7例）。结论 对伴有CCA的MDS患者M-FISH技术可以明确常规细胞遗传学（CC）分析中复杂染色体异常，并发现和纠正CC分析中漏检及误检的异常，为MDS患者染色体异常的分析提供了一种较理想的方法。     

Prenatal detection of a de novo Yqh-acrocentric translocation

OBJECTIVES: To identify the extra chromosomal material on 46,XX,21p+ for prenatal diagnosis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Conventional cytogenetic studies using GTG (G bands by trypsin using Giemsa) and CBG (C bands by barium hydroxide using Giemsa) techniques were performed on chromosomes at metaphase obtained from cultured amniocytes and parental blood lymphocytes. Molecular cytogenetic techniques, QF-PCR (quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction), FISH (fluorescent in-situ hybridization), and DA-DAPI (Distamycin A and 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole) staining, were then used to clarify the extra material present on fetal chromosome 21 p. RESULTS: The extra material on fetal chromosome 21 p has originated from Yqh, most likely at PAR2 (the secondary pseudoautosomal region). The karyotype should be 46,XX,der(21)t(Y;21)(q12;p13)de novo.ish der(21)t(Y;21)(q12;p13) (EST Cdy16c07+). CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the usefulness of molecular techniques in the investigation of rare chromosomal rearrangements.     

Cryptic Subtelomeric Rearrangements and X Chromosome Mosaicism: A Study of 565 Apparently Normal Individuals with Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization

Five percent of patients with unexplained mental retardation have been attributed to cryptic unbalanced subtelomeric rearrangements. Half of these affected individuals have inherited the rearrangement from a parent who is a carrier for a balanced translocation. However, the frequency of carriers for cryptic balanced translocations is unknown. To determine this frequency, 565 phenotypically normal unrelated individuals were examined for balanced subtelomeric rearrangements using Fluorescent In Situ hybridization (FISH) probes for all subtelomere regions. While no balanced subtelomeric rearrangements were identified, three females in this study were determined to be mosaic for the X chromosome. Mosaicism for XXX cell lines were observed in the lymphocyte cultures of 3 in 379 women (0.8%), which is a higher frequency than the 1 in 1000 (0.1%) reported for sex chromosome aneuploidies. Our findings suggest that numerical abnormalities of the X chromosome are more common in females than previously reported. Based on a review of the literature, the incidence of cryptic translocation carriers is estimated to be approximately 1/8,000, more than ten-fold higher than the frequency of visible reciprocal translocations.     

Cytogenetics of mantle cell lymphoma

AIM: To determine the type and rate of secondary chromosomal aberrations and role in pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standard cytogenetic examination (SCE) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with tests for 11q22/ATM, 13q14, 17p13/p53, 9p21/p16 and chromosome 12 centromere were made in 28 patients. RESULTS: Secondary chromosomal aberrations were detected in 22 patients. Chromosomal abnormalities occurring in more than 2 cases include deletions 6q15-q23 (53% cases); 11q22/ATM (50%); 9p21 (36%, in half the cases deletion 9p21 was biallele); 13q14 (32%); trisomy 3/3q, monosomy 20 and deletions/translocations 1q and 1p (27% and 20%) and deletion 17p13/p53 (18%). Trisomies 12/12q, 6 and 18/18q, monosomies 2 and 16, deletions/translocations 2p and 16p were found in 2 cases each. The FISH technique identified 9 chromosomal anomalies missed at SCE. Deletions 6q15-q23 were seen in patients with privalent lesions of lymph nodes. Deletions 11q, 13q14, 9p21 and 17p13 occur more frequently in transformation and the blastoid variant. Monosomy 20 was found only in patients with large cell transformations. This was the only cytogenetic defect characteristic for transformed cases, in contrast to denovoblastoid ones. Thus, deletions 6q, 11q23, 13q14 and 9p21 are typical for MCL. Deletions 9p21 and 17p13 are more characteristic for large cell variants of the tumor. Deletion 17p13 occurs at the terminal stage of the disease in rapidly growing tumor mass and resistance to chemotherapy. FISH technique is effective in detection of submicroscopic rearrangements especially small deletions. No significant differences were found between transformed and de novo blastoid cases. This shows that the blastoid variant is not a specific biological form, it is rather a less typical manifestation of the disease due to some preclinical cytogenetic disorders. CONCLUSION: Progression and transformation of MCL are related to mutation of proapoptotic genes and genes proteins of which are inhibitors of active complexes of D1 cycline. Specification of these mechanisms requires further investigations in patients with different clinicomorphological forms of the disease at various stages of the disease.     

Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization reveal molecular events in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell lung carcinomas

We have used the molecular cytogenetic techniques of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to analyze two established lung cancer cell lines (A549, H520), 80 primary lung adenocarcinoma samples and 80 squamous cell lung carcinoma samples in order to identify common chromosomal aberrations. M-FISH revealed numerous complex chromosomal rearrangements. Chromosomes 5, 6, 11, 12, and 17 were most frequently involved in interchromosomal translocations. CGH revealed regions on 1q, 2p, 3q, 5p, 5q, 7p, 8q, 11q, 12q, 14q, 16p, 17p, 19q, 20q, 21q and 22q to be commonly over-represented and regions on 2q, 3p, 4p, 5q, 7q, 8p, 9p, 13q, 14q, and 17p to be under-represented. In lung adenocarcinomas the most common gains were found in 16p13 (50%); while in squamous cell lung carcinomas the common gains were found in 17q21 (45%) and these alterations were observed to be associated with their specific pathological subtype. In conclusion, the present study contributes to the molecular biological characterization in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell lung carcinomas and through evaluation of molecular events to the recently emergent focus on novel markers for lung cancer treatment.     

应用原位杂交技术比较肺腺癌和肺鳞癌的内在分子机制

目的分析肺腺癌及肺鳞癌肿瘤中染色体异常变化和基因组的改变。探讨肺腺癌及肺鳞癌细胞遗传物质的改变,揭示这两种NSCLC主要亚型发生发展的内在本质及其与临床特征之间的关系。方法应用M-FISH技术,检测肺腺癌及肺鳞癌细胞株各1株,观察其染色体数目及结构畸变情况,应用CGH技术对80例肺腺癌组织80例肺鳞癌组织中所提取的全基因组DNA进行检测,比较这两种类型的NSCLC全基因组的变化。结果M-FISH结果显示肺腺癌及肺鳞癌细胞中存在许多复杂的染色体重排,其中5、6、11、12、17号染色体最频繁参于染色体间的易位。CGH发现,在160例肺癌标本基因组中,最常见的扩增区域足1 q,2 p,3 q,5 p,5 q,7 p,8 q,11 q,12 q,14 q,16 p,17 p.19 p,20 q,21 q,22 q。最常见的缺失区域是2 q.3 p,4 p,5 q,7 q,8 p,9 p.13 q,14 q,17 p。在肺腺癌中最常见的扩增位点足16p13,阳性率达50%.而肺鳞癌中最常见的扩增位点是17q21(45%),并且这两个位点的变异在肺腺癌和肺鳞癌之间有着显著性的差异(P<0.05)。结论M- FISH和CGH技术是研究肺癌基因组变化的强有力的工具,本实验中发现的基因改变町能代表了与肺腺癌及肺鳞癌特有的病理,诊断相关和候选基因。     

Evaluation of MLPA for the detection of cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements

Chromosomal rearrangements involving the telomeres are implied as a significant cause of idiopathic mental retardation. The most frequently used technique to detect these rearrangements was fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), an expensive and labor-intensive technique. One of the most promising alternative techniques is multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Here, the authors present the evaluation of a double set of probes (the SALSA P036, P019, and P020 human telomere test kits) on a series of 95 patients and 22 normal controls. Overall, 34 patients had been studied by telomeric FISH and MLPA, which was demonstrated to be a reliable method to detect essentially all subtelomeric rearrangements characterized by FISH. In addition, in these 34 patients, 13 dose imbalances were detected by MLPA, but not by FISH analysis. Overall, 12 alterations were observed only with one of the two sets, and they corresponded to polymorphic variants, as they were inherited from healthy parents or also appear in normal controls. The remaining 61 patients were initially studied with SALSA P036, and any putative dose alteration was confirmed with the two other kits and FISH. In the whole series, the authors found 9 dose imbalances evidenced with 2 MLPA kits and confirmed by FISH, representing 10% of patients with subtelomeric rearrangements. On the other hand, one small duplication at 14q11 may be clinically relevant as it appears de novo in one patient. In conclusion, MLPA can be considered a quick, sensitive, cost-effective, and easy method to screen for subtelomeric rearrangements, but any finding based in the testing of one probe should be confirmed by other sources.     

常规细胞遗传学检查联合多重荧光原位杂交技术确定急性白血病患者复杂核型异常

目的 探讨多重荧光原位杂交(M-FISH)技术在急性白血病(AL)患者复杂核型异常和标记染色体检测中的应用价值.方法 对11例常规R显带检测显示具有复杂核型异常和标记染色体的AL患者应用M-FISH技术确定复杂染色体重排和标记染色体的组成,识别并确定微小易位和隐匿易位.结果 11例AL患者应用常规细胞遗传学(CC)技术共检出27种染色体数目异常和41种结构异常.CC技术检出的3种染色体增加和9种染色体丢失以及12种结构异常与M-FISH分析结果一致,CC技术检出的15种染色体丢失经M-FISH证实为衍生染色体,M-FISH还检出3种CC检查未发现的染色体数目增加.CC检查所检出的其余29种结构异常(包括17种标记染色体)的性质被M-FISH进一步明确.M-FISH共检出33种结构重排,有6种异常未见文献报道,分别为t(5q-;16)(?q14;q24)、der(9)(Y::9::Y::9)、der(7)(7::8::9)、ins(20;21)、der(11)(11::21::20)和der(3)t(3p-;13)(3p-;q21),这些复杂染色体重排主要由染色体不平衡易位所致.复杂核型异常几乎涉及所有染色体,在AML患者以涉及17、5、7、15和11号染色体的异常较为常见;在ALL患者则以涉及8、9、14和22号染色体的异常较为多见.结论 联合应用CC和M-FISH检查可以提高CC核型分析的分辨率,对伴复杂核型和标记染色体的AL具有一定的临床应用价值.     

CD5-negative blastoid variant mantle cell lymphoma with complex CCND1/IGH and MYC aberrations

The coexistence of CCND1/IGH and MYC rearrangements in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare finding associated with a very poor prognosis. In this study, a patient with blastoid variant (MCL) is reported. The disease was clinically aggressive and refractory to chemotherapy, and the patient only survived for 1 month following diagnosis. Conventional cytogenetic study, FISH, and multicolor FISH (mFISH) demonstrated the involvement of the BCL1/CCND1 locus in a complex translocation, t(3;11)(q25;p15)t(11;14)(q13;q32). In addition, subclonal abnormalities in the 8q24 region, manifested as a t(8;14)(q24;q32)/MYC rearrangement, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first MCL case in Korea bearing these complex genomic aberrations.     

Low-grade B-Cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation lack PAX5 gene rearrangements

The chromosomal translocation t(9;14)(p13;q32) has been reported in association with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). Although this translocation involving the paired homeobox-5 (PAX5) gene at chromosome band 9p13 and the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene at 14q32 has been described in approximately 50% of LPL cases, the actual number of cases studied is quite small. Many of the initial cases associated with t(9;14)(p13;q32) were actually low-grade B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation other than LPL. Thus, we analyzed a series of low-grade B-cell lymphomas for PAX5 gene rearrangements. We searched records from the Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center for low-grade B-cell lymphomas, with an emphasis on plasmacytic differentiation, that had available paraffin blocks or frozen tissue. We identified 37 cases, including 13 LPL, 18 marginal zone lymphomas (nodal, extranodal, splenic, and alpha-heavy chain disease), and 6 small lymphocytic lymphomas. A novel dual-color break-apart bacterial artificial chromosome probe was designed to flank the PAX5 gene, spanning previously described PAX5 breakpoints, and samples were analyzed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. All cases failed to demonstrate a PAX5 translocation, indicating that t(9;14)(p13;q32) and other PAX5 translocations are uncommon events in low-grade B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation. This study also confirms recent reports that found an absence of PAX5 rearrangements in LPL, suggesting the reassessment of PAX5 rearrangements in LPL.     

Detection of translocations diagnostic for Berkitt's lymphoma by fluorescent in situ hybridization on histological sections of paraffin blocks

AIM: To test feasibility of detection of translocations which are diagnostic for Berkitt's lymphoma with the method of fluorescence in situ hibridization (FISH) on histological sections of paraffin blocks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: FISH on histological sections for detection of t(8;14)(q24;q32) and variant t(2;8)(p12;q24) and t(8;22)(q24;q11) was performed on the material obtained from 53 patients with typical clinical, morphological and immunological picture. DNA probe LSI IgH/MYC, CEP 8 Tri-color, Dual Fusion Translocation Probe (Vysis, USA), for variant translocations DNA-probe LSI MYC, Dual color, Break Apart Rearrangement Probe (Vysis, USA) were used. RESULTS: Histological material from 31 patients contained translocations characteristic for LB: in 29 (93.5%)--t(8;14)(q24;q32), in 2--variant rearrangements of locus of gene c-myc. Translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) and its variants were not detected in 22 patients, the diagnosis was changed for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). CONCLUSION: Typical for BL clinical, morphological and immunological picture may present in extra-nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with high proliferative activity. Differential diagnosis between BL and the latter lymphoma is possible only basing on detection of translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) or its variants. If it is impossible to obtain native material, FISH on histological sections of parasffin blocks is the only possible method of differential diagnosis.     

Ultrasonographic findings and prenatal diagnosis of complete trisomy 17p syndrome: A case report and review of the literature

BackgroundTrisomy of the short arm of chromosome 17 is a rare genomic disorder. The clinical features of complete trisomy 17p syndrome have been described. Most cases of this syndrome have been found in infants and children, but only a few cases were found by ultrasound in the prenatal period.MethodsWe report a case of complete trisomy 17p syndrome, which was inherited from paternal balanced translocation t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2). A pregnant woman underwent an ultrasound examination at 24 weeks of gestation. Amniotic fluid was collected by amniocentesis. Cytogenetic and single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses were performed. We further reviewed the relationship between duplication regions and the clinical phenotype.ResultsUltrasonographic evaluation showed intrauterine growth retardation and a right choroid plexus cyst, but the gallbladder was not observed. The fetal karyotype was 46,XX,der(17)t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2)pat. The father''s karyotype was 46,XY,t(15;17)(q11.2;q11.2). The single nucleotide polymorphism array results showed arr[GRCh37] 17p13.3q11.1(525‐25309337)×3, which indicated a 25.309‐Mb duplication.ConclusionComplete trisomy 17p syndrome shows severe malformations. Intrauterine growth retardation is the most typical manifestation of this syndrome as shown by ultrasonography in the second trimester of pregnancy. The genotype‐phenotype relationships of complete trisomy 17p syndrome are not completely consistent. To further determine these relationships, additional cases are necessary to provide more information from ultrasonographic findings during pregnancy.     

Ring chromosome 5 in acute myeloid leukemia defined by whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism array

Chromosomes forming a corresponding ring cannot be clearly defined by conventional cytogenetics or FISH. Karyotypic analyses using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) may result in the identification of previously cryptic lesions and allow for more precise definition of breakpoints. We describe a case of AML with metaphase cells bearing -5, del(11)(q22), and +r. With SNP-A, a 5p-terminal deletion (11 megabases [Mb]), a 5q-terminal deletion (27 Mb), an 11q-interstitial deletion (29 Mb), and a 21q gain (3 Mb) were identified. Therefore, the G-banded karyotype was revised as 46, XY, r(5)(p15. 2q33.2), del(11)(q14.1q23.2), dup(21)(q22.13q22.2)[18]/46,XY[2]. SNP-A could be a powerful tool for characterizing ring chromosomes in which the involved chromosomes or bands cannot be precisely identified by conventional cytogenetics or FISH.     

荧光原位杂交技术快速诊断胎儿常见染色体数目异常

目的探讨荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法采集116名孕妇孕16~23周的羊水标本,应用荧光标记的21号染色体特殊位点探针（21q22,DSCR2）、13号染色体特殊位点探针（13q14,DLEU1）及18号染色体探针、X/Y染色体着丝粒探针（CEP）对未经培养的羊水间期细胞进行FISH检测;同步进行羊水细胞培养,行常规细胞遗传学染色体核型分析。结果 FISH与羊水细胞核型分析相符的染色体数目正常108例,数目异常6例,另各有1例染色体核型分析分别显示为平衡易位、臂内倒位异常,FISH结果显示正常。6例数目异常胎儿引产时抽脐血染色体检查结果与羊水产前诊断结果一致。结论 FISH技术用于快速诊断胎儿常见染色体数目异常,具有简便、快速、特异性强等优点,临床有较高的应用价值。     

High rate of detection of subtelomeric aberration by using combined MLPA and subtelomeric FISH approach in patients with moderate to severe mental retardation

OBJECTIVES: (1) To evaluate the prevalence of subtelomeric deletion in moderate to severe mental retardation population, (2) to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of combined methodology in routine workup of this sub-population. METHOD: Twenty unrelated patients using strict selection criteria were recruited for the study from the Clinical Genetic Service. Patients were initially screened by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) for subtelomeric imbalance followed by FISH analysis for anatomical integrity. This is then followed by parental subtelomeric FISH analysis. RESULTS: Three subtelomeric deletions were identified. They were Deletion 1p36, Deletion 1q44 and Deletion 10q26; these were previously unidentified by conventional technique. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of subtelomeric deletion in our cohort of moderate to severe mental retardation patients is consistent with published findings of around 10%. The figure is on the higher side if more stringent criteria is used. The combination of strict clinical criteria, MLPA and selective subtelomeric FISH was shown to be feasible and cost-effective.     

Adrenocortical carcinoma survival rates correlated to genomic copy number variants

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy accounting for between 0.02% and 0.2% of all cancer deaths. Surgical removal offers the only current potential for cure. Unfortunately, ACC has undergone metastatic spread in 40% to 70% of patients at the time of diagnosis. Standard chemotherapy with mitotane is often ineffective with intolerable side effects. The modern molecular technology of comparative genomic hybridization allows the examination of DNA for chromosomal alterations, which can lend biological insight into cancer processes. Genomes of 25 ACC clinical samples were queried on the Agilent 44K Human Genome comparative genomic hybridization array detecting regions of chromosomal gain and loss within the tumor population. Commonly shared amplifications appearing in > or =50% of tumors at P < or = 10(-4) include regions within chromosomes 5, 7, 12, 16q, and 20. Deleted genomic regions within ACC include portions of chromosomes 1, 3p, 10q, 11, 14q, 15q, 17, and 22q. Genomic aberrations in regions associated with differential survival (P < or = 0.05) and presence in > or =20% of tumors include amplifications of 6q, 7q, 12q, and 19p. Deletions within stratified survival groups include localized regions within 3, 8, 10p, 16q, 17q, and 19q. Statistical analysis of this genetic landscape reveals a set of chromosomal aberrations strongly associated with survival in an accumulation-dependent fashion. These regions may hold prognostic indicators and offer therapeutic targets that can be used to develop novel treatments for aggressive tumors.     

Detection of bone marrow infiltration of lymphoma cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization

BACKGROUND: It is sometimes difficult to detect the bone marrow infiltration of lymphoma cells, because lymphoma cells are not distinguishable from normal lymphocytes due to the similarity of their phenotype. METHODS: Bone marrow involvement of 17 samples of 15 patients with follicular lymphoma, whose lymphoma cells were confirmed to harbor the translocation of chromosome14q32, were examined by microscopic analysis of bone marrow smear and biopsy, flow cytometorical analysis (FCM), chromosomal analysis of G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH was performed using a probe, which detects the split of IGH gene on 14q32. RESULTS: The positivity of FISH was highest among these methods and FISH was able to detect the bone marrow involvement in one case who was defined as negative by bone marrow biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: FISH can be used for detection of bone marrow involvement of malignant lymphoma that carries chromosomal rearrangement involving 14q32.     

应用荧光原位杂交技术检测慢性淋巴细胞白血病的基因组异常

目的 探讨应用组合荧光原位杂交(panel fluorescence in situ hybridization,panel FISH)技术对慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphocytic leukaemia,CLL)基因组异常检测的价值.方法 分别应用序列探针D13S25(13q14.3)、RB1、p53、ATM(11q23)和着丝粒探针12号(CSP12)等5种荧光素标记的DNA探针,对17例CLL患者进行FISH检测,并和常规细胞遗传学检测结果进行比较.结果 17例CLL患者中,常规细胞遗传学检测出1例(1/17)有染色体异常,为49,XX,+3,+8,+18;组合FISH检测出10例(10/17)有染色体异常,包括D13S25缺失4例、ATM缺失2例、p53缺失1例、D13S25合并RB1同时缺失2例、多种异常1例.FISH检测的总检出率高于常规细胞遗传学检测.结论 组合FISH技术是检测CLL患者染色体基因组异常的有效手段,与常规细胞遗传学方法相结合则可明显提高CLL染色体异常的检出率.