2368例新生儿听力筛查的临床分析

目的通过新生儿听力筛查,了解新生儿听力障碍的发病状况,以利早期诊断和干预。方法应用美国B io—logic公司筛查型耳声发射仪对2368例新生儿进行听力筛查,经过初筛和复筛,对复筛未通过者建议进行脑干听觉诱发电位（ABR）检查。结果初筛异常率为24.24%,复筛异常率为4.37%,确诊听力障碍者3例,新生儿听力障碍发病率1.27‰。结论新生儿听力筛查可以及早发现新生儿听力障碍,对早期治疗及干预听力残疾有较大意义。     

260 例听力残疾患者 ABR 结果分析

目的：探讨ABR在参与听力残疾评定患者中的应用价值;方法：应用ABR对260例听力残疾患者进行检查和分析,刺激强度采用感觉级.结果：听力残疾患者中,中、重度异常患者比例较高;男性患病人群比例显著高于女性;听力残疾在低龄组中比例显著降低;对夸大残疾现象,ABR结果可予以矫正.结论：ABR在听力残疾评定中真实可信,值得临床推广应用.     

开展新生儿听力筛查的几点体会

目的通过对新生儿的听力筛查,早期发现新生儿听力损伤,以便进行早期治疗,促进早日康复,有效减少听力语音障碍的发生率。方法用畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)和脑干听觉诱发电位(ABR)对626例正常新生儿及31例高危儿进行听力筛查,未通过者42天后接受听力复查,42天后复查仍未通过者,转诊到上级医院听力中心进行听力诊断性检查。结果正常新生儿听力筛查626例,初筛通过率95.9%,复筛通过率100%,0例新生儿诊断听力障碍。高危新生儿听力筛查31例,OAE初筛通过率90.3%,复筛通过率100%,ABR初筛通过率87.1%,复筛通过率75%,1例新生儿诊断听力障碍。结论新生儿听力筛查可以早期发现听力障碍儿童,有效减少听力语音障碍的发生。     

浙江省视力和听力残疾人群生存质量调查

目的:调查浙江省视力残疾和听力残疾人群生存质量,并对其影响因素进行分析,同时探索生存质量与一般健康状况的关系。方法:采用问卷法对767名视力残疾人和听力残疾人进行入户式调查。结果:视力残疾人生存质量得分为(63.71±20.06),听力残疾人生存质量得分为(67.11±20.00);生存质量总分在年龄和残疾类别上具有显著的统计学意义(P0.05);生存质量与一般健康状况得分呈显著负相关(r=-0.658,P0.01);多元素逐步回归分析结果显示,影响残疾人生存质量的因素有年龄、残疾等级和残疾类别。结论:视力残疾人和听力残疾人的生活质量相对较低,且其一般健康状况普遍较差,年龄、残疾等级和残疾类别等对生存质量有一定影响。     

太仓市6803例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的：通过对新生儿进行听力筛查,及早发现听力障碍的儿童,了解本地区新生儿听力障碍的发病状况,探讨新生儿听力筛查的运作模式。方法采用畸变产物耳声发射仪(DPOAE)或自动听性脑干诱发电位仪(AABR)对2013年本市出生的6803例新生儿进行听力初筛,未通过者42d时采用(DPOAE+AABR)复筛,复筛未通过者3月龄时进行中耳声导抗测试和听性脑干反应(ABR)诊断检查。结果2013年活产数6894例,筛查6803例,经初筛、复筛有10例未通过需做诊断检查,最终确诊8例听力障碍,男5例,女3例,(其中1例男童后经诊断患听神经瘤),听力障碍发病率1.18译;其中双耳听力障碍3例,单耳听力障碍5例,双耳听力障碍发病率0.44译。结论新生儿听力筛查是早期发现听力障碍的有效模式,而DPOAE联合AABR是适合新生儿听力筛查的理想的检测技术。太仓市2010年开始把新生儿听力筛查纳入市母婴阳光工程的免费项目,提高了听力筛查率和听力障碍的检出率,使更多的听力障碍儿童得到了早期干预治疗。     

8384例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的了解8385例新生儿听力筛查结果,分析畸变产物耳声发射在新生儿听力筛查中的应用价值及存在问题。方法采用畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)筛查仪对出生24h后的新生儿进行初次听力筛查,未通过者于出生后42天复筛,复筛未通过者转上级医院进一步评估诊断。结果 8385例新生儿中,初筛阳性1211例,阳性率14.5%;复筛例数897例,复筛率74.07%,复筛未通过101例,复筛阳性率11.26%。结论畸变产物耳声发射具有操作简便、客观、敏感、快速和无创等特点,应用于新生儿听力筛查能有效地发现听力异常,提高筛查率,降低假阳性率,及早发现听力异常患儿,早期进行诊断和干预,提高其生活质量。     

吕梁地区新生儿听力筛查现状的研究

目的分析吕梁市开展新生儿听力筛查的现状,为制定合适的听力筛查、随访和干预策略提供依据。方法应用瞬态诱发耳声发射对吕梁市2011年3月至2011年6月出生的1147例中在我院生产的100例正常新生儿进行听力筛查,初筛未通过者分别于42天复查,复筛未通过使用听性脑干反应,40Hz听觉相关电（40Hz-aerp）和声导抗进行听力损失诊断。结果可接受听力筛查新生儿1147例,实际筛查100例,初筛率8.71%（100/1147）,初筛通过率92%（92/100）;应复筛8例,实际接受复筛7例,复率为87.5%（7/8）;复筛通过4例（57.1%,4/7）,未通过3例（1%,3/100）,应转诊1例（1%,1/100）,实际转诊1例;8例复筛新生儿中1例未按时接受检查,实际接受诊断性检查3例,其中双耳听力正常2例,确诊先天性听力损失1例。结论在吕梁市实施新生儿普遍听力筛查是可行的,而且是必要的,能为早期发现先天性听力障碍患儿并给予早期干预提供科学依据。     

杭州市2018—2020年新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的 通过分析杭州市新生儿听力筛查情况,探讨提高新生儿听力筛查成效措施。方法 选取杭州市2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日出生的全部活产新生儿为听力初筛对象,听力初筛相关资料由各筛查机构登记、录入信息系统。采用耳声发射（TEOAE）对新生儿进行听力初筛,未通过者42天采用自动听性脑干反应（AABR）进行复筛,复筛未通过者采用听性脑干反应（ABR）、声导抗等技术进行诊断。结果 2018年至2020年杭州市活产儿共345379例,新生儿听力筛查初筛342769例,初筛率为99.24%,初筛未通过21207例,初筛未通过率6.19%。复筛20436例,复筛未通过3310例,复筛未通过实际转诊3281例,最终确诊异常794例,听力障碍发生率2.32‰。结论 杭州市新生儿听力筛查初筛率稳步增长,但需要加强听力复筛召回管理,进一步完善确诊患儿的干预随访机制,减少儿童听力和言语残疾,提高生命质量。     

57653例新生儿听力筛查结果分析

目的早期发现婴儿听力损失,以便进行早期诊断和干预,促进其正常的言语发育,并探讨听力异常的高危因素。方法采用耳声发射技术对新生儿进行初筛,未通过者42天进行复筛,复筛仍未通过者采用脑干听觉诱发电位技术进行诊断性检查。结果初筛率从2006年的65%左右上升至2011年97.71%,通过率86.00%;未通过初筛者召回率为99.86%,通过率87.74%;复筛未通过者召回率逐年上升,由2006年的67.59%上升到2011年的98.81%;确诊听力障碍28例,发病率4.96/万。结论联合应用OAE和ABR可提高新生儿听力筛查的精确性,余姚市听力筛查率和未通过复筛召回率逐年上升,有效减少了余姚地区耳聋儿童的发病率。     

脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)在新生儿及婴儿听力检测中的应用价值

目的:探讨BAEP在新生儿及婴儿听力检测中的应用价值。方法:对60例出生后利用耳声发射仪做听力筛查"未通过"的新生儿及婴儿进行BAEP检测。结果:BAEP异常52例(占86.7%),作BAEP听阈测定有耳聋的48例(占80%),其中轻度耳聋27只(占60例的22.5%),中度耳聋20只(占60例的16.7%),重度耳聋33只(占60例的27.5%)。结论:对耳声发射仪做听力筛查"未通过"的新生儿及婴儿做BAEP检查,能够了解听力障碍的程度以及类型,为临床的早期诊断和早期干预提供可靠的依据。     

Factors Influencing Hearing Aid Adoption in Patients With Hearing Loss in Korea

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to identify differences in the characteristics of adopters and non-adopters of hearing aids (HAs); and 2) to investigate factors influencing the purchase of HA.MethodsThis study was conducted among 1,464 subjects (818 male and 646 female) with hearing loss. A national face-to-face survey was performed from August 2019 to October 2020 by otologists or HA experts. The questionnaire consisted of three domains: demographic, audiological, and HA-related domains. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for degree of hearing loss.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 70.4 ± 12.2 years. Of the 1,464 respondents, 1,190 (81.3%) had already purchased HA. We identified educational level, household income, hearing loss period, place of HA purchase, and government HA assistance program status as factors influencing HA adoption. Among these factors, third party reimbursement was the most important factor affecting HA purchase intent. The main reasons for not adopting HA were feeling that their hearing was adequate, inability to afford HA, and perceptions that HA are uncomfortable.ConclusionVarious factors are involved in the purchase of HA, but disabled registration status and third party reimbursement were identified as the most critical factors. In the future, the government should take a more active role in increasing the distribution of HA to patients with hearing loss.     

Hearing and Speech Perception for People With Hearing Loss Using Personal Sound Amplification Products

BackgroundHearing loss (HL) is the most common chronic disease and has been linked to negative health outcomes. Hearing aids (HAs) are regarded as the gold standard for HL management, however, the adoption rate of HAs is relatively low for various reasons. With this background, hearing devices, such as personal sound amplification products (PSAPs) received significant attention as an alternative to conventional HAs. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PSAPs in patients with mild to moderately severe HL.MethodsNineteen patients with mild hearing loss (MHL), 23 with moderate hearing loss (MDHL), and 15 with moderately severe hearing loss (MSHL) participated in the study. Electroacoustic analysis, simulated real-ear measurements (REMs), and three clinical evaluations were implemented.ResultsAll devices satisfied the electroacoustic tolerances. All devices provided sufficient gain for MHL and MDHL audiograms. However, in MSHL audiogram, the gains of PSAPs were insufficient, especially for high frequencies. In terms of clinical evaluations, sound-field audiometry showed significant improvements between aided and unaided thresholds in all groups for all devices (P < 0.001). Significant improvements of word recognition scores were only shown for HAs between aided and unaided conditions. The Korean version of the Hearing In Noise Test did not show any consistent findings for all devices and groups.ConclusionCertain PSAPs are beneficial for improving hearing and speech perception in patients with HL. Well-chosen PSAPs could be an alternative hearing rehabilitation option for these patients.     

Identifying Hearing Loss by Means of Iridology

Isolated reports of hearing loss presenting as markings on the iris exist, but to date the effectiveness of iridology to identify hearing loss has not been investigated. This study therefore aimed to determine the efficacy of iridological analysis in the identification of moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss in adolescents. A controlled trial was conducted with an iridologist, blind to the actual hearing status of participants, analyzing the irises of participants with and without hearing loss. Fifty hearing impaired and fifty normal hearing subjects, between the ages of 15 and 19 years, controlled for gender, participated in the study. An experienced iridologist analyzed the randomised set of participants'' irises. A 70% correct identification of hearing status was obtained by iridological analyses with a false negative rate of 41% compared to a 19% false positive rate. The respective sensitivity and specificity rates therefore came to 59% and 81%. Iridological analysis of hearing status indicated a statistically significant relationship to actual hearing status (P < 0.05). Although statistically significant sensitivity and specificity rates for identifying hearing loss by iridology were not comparable to those of traditional audiological screening procedures.     

Hearing Threshold of Korean Adolescents Associated with the Use of Personal Music Players

Purpose

Hearing loss can lead to a number of disabilities and can reduce quality of life. Noise-induced hearing losses have become more common among adolescents due to increased exposure to personal music players. We, therefore, investigated the use of personal music player among Korean adolescents and the relationship between hearing threshold and usage pattern of portable music players.

Materials and Methods

A total of 490 adolescents were interviewed personally regarding their use of portable music players, including the time and type of player and the type of headphone used. Pure tone audiometry was performed in each subject.

Results

Of the 490 subjects, 462 (94.3%) used personal music players and most of them have used the personal music player for 1-3 hours per day during 1-3 years. The most common type of portable music player was the MP3 player, and the most common type of headphone was the earphone (insert type). Significant elevations of hearing threshold were observed in males, in adolescents who had used portable music players for over 5 years, for those over 15 years in cumulative period and in those who had used earphones.

Conclusion

Portable music players can have a deleterious effect on hearing threshold in adolescents. To preserve hearing, adolescents should avoid using portable music players for long periods of time and should avoid using earphones.     

Analysis of Predisposing Factors for Hearing Loss in Adults

We aimed to estimate the effects of various risk factors on hearing level in Korean adults, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We examined data from 13,369 participants collected between 2009 and 2011. Average hearing thresholds at low (0.5, 1, and 2 kHz) and high frequencies (3, 4, and 6 kHz), were investigated in accordance with various known risk factors via multiple regression analysis featuring complex sampling. We additionally evaluated data from 4,810 participants who completed a questionnaire concerned with different types of noise exposure. Low body mass index, absence of hyperlipidemia, history of diabetes mellitus, low incomes, low educational status, and smoking were associated with elevated low frequency hearing thresholds. In addition, male sex, low body mass index, absence of hyperlipidemia, low income, low educational status, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption were associated with elevated high frequency hearing thresholds. Participants with a history of earphone use in noisy circumstances demonstrated hearing thresholds which were 1.024 dB (95% CI: 0.176 to 1.871; P = 0.018) higher, at low-frequencies, compared to participants without a history of earphone use. Our study suggests that low BMI, absence of hyperlipidemia, low household income, and low educational status are related with hearing loss in Korean adults. Male sex, smoking, and heavy alcohol use are related with high frequency hearing loss. A history of earphone use in noisy circumstances is also related with hearing loss.

Graphical Abstract

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