Surgical management of chronic fistula after sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundThere is no clear definition of the chronic leak after sleeve gastrectomy. There are several endoscopic approaches, including endoprothese, endoscopic clips, endoscopic sealing glue, or balloon dilation. In case of failure of the endoscopic treatment, a definitive surgical approach can be attempted. The objective was to evaluate the surgical treatment of chronic leak after sleeve gastrectomy.MethodsFrom November 2010 through March 2012, 8 patients with chronic gastric fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy had definitive surgical repair. The initial intervention, the diagnosis and management of the fistula, and the endoscopic approach were carefully reviewed.ResultsFive patients had their original laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies performed at another hospital, while 3 had laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at our institution. The mean period of time from the diagnosis of the fistula to definitive surgical treatment was 14.4 months (range 5–44 months). Seven patients initially had surgical drainage by laparoscopy (5) and by laparotomy (2), with concomitant feeding jejunostomy in 6 patients. The endoscopic treatment consisted of endoprothese in 4 patients, endoscopic sealing glue in 2 patients, and sequential approach with glue and prosthesis in 2 other patients. One patient was treated exclusively by endoscopic approach with no surgical drainage.The surgical procedures performed for chronic fistula were gastrojejunal lateral anastomosis (4), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (2), and gastrectomy with esojejunal anastomosis (2). Four patients presented with postoperative fistula, with a mean healing time of 32 days (range 22–63 days). No mortality was recorded.ConclusionIn chronic forms of fistulas with no improvements by endoscopic approach, the surgical treatment can be a solution. It remains a difficult procedure with a high percentage of leakage, but this type of fistula is more easily tolerated by the patient and heals faster.     

克罗恩病合并瘘手术治疗 24例

目的 总结分析外科手术治疗克罗恩病（CD）合并瘘的疗效和临床意义。方法对1980年1月至2005年4月期间收治的CD合并急性穿孔和瘘的手术病例进行回顾性分析。结果25年间确诊CD的181例中，合并瘘或穿孔病例24例（13．3％）。8例患者（33．3％）穿孔前明确使用过类固醇药物，9例无激素治疗史，其余7例情况不明。单一穿孔18例，2处游离穿孔4例，3处以上腹壁外瘘2例。急诊手术8例，择期手术16例；有20例在病变肠段切除的基础上，分别采取阴道或膀胱瘘口修补术4例，瘘管一期扩创切除12例，腹壁瘘管搔刮术4例；还有4例采取乙状结肠单腔造瘘加肛瘘切开术。术后5例患者（20．8％）出现并发症，其中切口感染2例，腹腔脓肿2例，吻合IEl瘘1例：均经外科引流、抗感染等保守措施治愈。死亡3例（12．5％），2例死于出血和持续高热；1例为感染合并多器官功能衰竭并造瘘口出血死亡。其余病例均痊愈出院。18例获6个月至18年的随访，5年瘘的复发率为16．7％，10年再手术率为33．3％。结论激素的应用并非构成CD合并瘘的主要因素，CD合并瘘应成为手术的明确指征。     

医原性输尿管膀胱损伤诊治分析

目的 探讨医原性输尿管膀胱损伤发生原因及防治方法.方法 医原性输尿管膀胱损伤患者47例,男7例,女40例.其中妇产科手术损伤38例、泌尿外科5例、普外科4例. 结果 术中发现输尿管损伤16例,其中断裂14例,输尿管壁部分撕裂伤2例;行输尿管断端吻合术13例,肾盂输尿管吻合术1例,1例输尿管镜手术引起输尿管穿孔者予终止手术并留置双J管,1例被迫切除肾脏;术后3～7 d发现输尿管损伤7例,其中输尿管下段被结扎4例.输尿管阴道瘘3例,均于术后2周内行输尿管下段膀胱再植术.术中发现膀胱损伤19例,膀胱壁不规则撕裂长约1～3 cm;行膀胱修补术17例,由腔镜和TVT手术引起膀胱穿孔2例予留置导尿1周;术后1周～1个月发现膀胱阴道瘘5例,均于3个月后行瘘管切除修补术.术后47例随访5个月～11年,平均47个月,患者均治愈,无并发症. 结论 医原性损伤重在预防,术中及时发现、正确处理可避免二次手术;术后出现尿瘘者选择合理治疗方案可提高治愈率.     

胆总管下端术后十二指肠瘘19例治疗分析

目的：了解胆总管下端手术后十二指肠瘘发生的原因及处理。方法：回顾性分析1975－2002年收治的19例胆总管下端手术后十二指肠瘘发生的原因，诊断和治疗。十二指肠瘘经确诊后均经手术治疗。治疗方式：脓肿引流13例，十二指肠修补5例，胃大部切除幽门旷置胃空肠吻合，空肠造口1例。结果：十二指肠瘘治愈15例，死亡4例，死亡原因：消化道大出血2例，腹膜后严重感染1例，并发重症胰腺炎1例。结论：行胆总管下端探查操作时应谨慎，避免发生医源性损伤。十二指肠后早期诊断尤为重要，十二指肠瘘手术以引流为主，并予以充分的肠内营养支持。     

Videothoracoscopy and muscle flaps in the treatment of bronchial stump fistula.

The aim of the paper is to report our surgical technique applied for treatment of broncho-pleural fistula (BPF) as well as the results of the treatment. From 1992 to 1998 we performed 127 pneumonectomies for lung cancer. In 5 cases (3.9%) bronchial stump insufficiency developed postoperatively. Three patients were treated by means of videothoracoscopy (the Multifire Endo Hernia Stapler was used to clipped the fistula). Rethoracotomy with myoplasty was performed four times in 3 patients. In one patient both the methods were employed. In 2 out of 3 cases videothoracoscopic treatment was successful and the patients were discharged without signs of BPF and pleural empyema. In one case the recurrence of the fistula occurred and the stump of the bronchus was successfully covered with the pectoral musce flap 3 days later. In two cases after rethoracotomy and myoplasty (one of them was reoperated twice) the recurrence of BPF occurred and both the patients died due to cardiopulmonary failure. Despite the limited experience, we think videothoracoscopy is worth considering as a tool for treatment of BPF.     

腹部外科手术后肠外瘘21例诊治体会

目的 回顾21例腹部手术后肠外瘘的病因、治疗和预后情况,探讨腹部手术后肠外瘘的临床治疗方法.方法 收集新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院胃肠外科2013年8月-2016年8月期间收治的腹部手术后21例肠外瘘患者资料,其中男性12例,女性9例.根据病例资料记载进行描述性统计,对所采用的治疗方法进行总结和回顾性分析,计数资料以四格表形式表述,使用Fisher确切概率法,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 所有患者中保守治疗11例,自愈2例,好转5例,死亡4例,其中乙状结肠穿孔修补术后1例,肠梗阻术后肾脏功能衰竭1例,胃癌术后早期限制性手术探查术后并发腹腔大出血2例;手术治疗10例,其中早期确定性手术1例,后期确定性手术9例,均治愈.结论 肠外瘘的早期诊断和快速处理,应及时双套管持续冲洗引流、积极控制腹腔感染并积极肠外营养支持,必要时增加肠内营养,早期抗生素抗感染,应用生长抑素抑制肠液分泌,选择合适的手术时机及恰当的手术方式,可以提高治愈率,降低病死率.     

Urethrorectal fistula. Report of 11 cases]

The authors report a series of 11 urethrorectal fistulas observed over a 25-year period. The mean age of the patients was 37 years (range: 15 to 70 years). The aetiologies were surgical trauma (5 cases), fracture of the pelvis (2 cases), inflammatory lesions (3 cases), and one fistula was congenital. The clinical features were dominated by urine discharge from the anus (11 cases), urinary tract infection (8 cases), spurious diarrhoea (6 cases), faecaluria (4 cases), pneumaturia (2 cases). Digital rectal examination was normal in 7 patients. IVU demonstrated opacification of the rectum in 5 out of 8 cases. Cystourethrography, performed in 9 patients, demonstrated the communication in each case. Urethrocystoscopy visualized the fistula in each case in which it was performed. Treatment consisted of bladder drainage by urethral catheter in all patients, allowing closure of the fistula in 2 patients. Colostomy was performed in 2 patients, internal urethrotomy and urethral catheter was performed in 2 cases. Surgical closure of the fistula was performed in 7 patients, via an abdominoperineal (3 cases), perineal (2 cases), transperitoneal (1 case) or transanosphincteric incision (1 case).     

TEVAR后移植物感染合并主动脉食管瘘的外科治疗

背景与目的 主动脉食管瘘（AEF）是一种相对罕见的疾病,通常危及生命。尽管胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）已成为治疗胸主动脉瘤、胸主动脉夹层的一种成熟手术策略,但TEVAR后继发性AEF更为棘手。笔者报告7例该疾病的治疗方式和结果。方法 回顾性分析2018—2021年间收治的7例TEVAR后继发性AEF合并移植物感染患者的临床资料。所有7例患者均接受了介入或手术治疗,其中4例患者施行了开放手术治疗,即：非体外循环下升主动脉－腹主动脉解剖外人工血管旁路术、感染移植物及感染灶切除术、食管瘘口旷置引流术;2例患者施行了TEVAR;1例患者分期施行了TEVAR和开放手术。结果 一期和分期施行开放手术治疗的5例患者,2例痊愈出院,3例死亡。单纯施行TEVAR的2例患者,计划待抗感染、营养支持后限期施行开放手术,治疗期间死亡。结论 因感染移植物及感染灶的存在,保守治疗或单纯行TEVAR往往无法使患者获得救治。虽然开放手术病死率较高,但在条件允许时,清除感染灶及移植物,并进行解剖外主动脉重建及食管瘘旷置引流,是治疗TEVAR术后移植物感染合并主动脉食管瘘的合理策略。     

妇产科术后输尿管瘘早期修复(附8例报告)

目的：探讨修复妇产科手术引起输尿管瘘的手术时机。方法：总结8例妇产科术后输尿管瘘早期手术修复的临床资料。结果：8例均一次手术成功，术后随访3－12个月，漏尿消失，IVU检查正常。结论：妇产科术后输尿管瘘早期手术修复是适宜的。     

颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的原因及处理

 目的 探讨颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的原因及处理对策。方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2011年12月采用颈椎前路手术治疗2348例颈椎疾患患者资料,其中5例发生食管瘘,男3例,女2例;年龄14~48岁,平均34岁;颈椎外伤3例,颈椎病1例,颈椎结核1例。1例患者术中发现食管瘘,给予修补;另4例均为术后发现,行清创探查引流术,其中1例探查时发现食管瘘口遂给予修补,1例仅行清创探查术,1例清创探查术后二期行内固定取出术,1例清创探查术后二期行内固定取出及肌瓣填塞术。给予禁食、营养支持、伤口引流及抗生素治疗;定期吞服亚甲蓝,观察漏口情况。结果 经过9～61周治疗,所有患者食管瘘口愈合,恢复进食。随访6～48个月,无一例发生食管瘘复发、颈椎失稳及迟发感染;吞咽功能均良好;患者原有颈部疾患治疗效果均满意,颈椎外伤患者Frankel分级平均提高1级,颈椎病患者JOA评分由术前9分提高至术后15分。结论 采用食管瘘口修补、肌瓣填塞以及引流手术,并严格禁食禁水、营养支持,必要时取出内固定物,多数颈椎前路手术并发食管瘘的患者能获得满意的疗效。术中仔细轻柔操作是预防食管瘘发生的关键。     

胆囊十二指肠内瘘14例诊治体会

目的探讨慢性胆囊炎、胆囊十二指肠内瘘的诊断及治疗原则。方法对9年间收治的14例慢性胆囊炎并十二指肠内瘘病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,从临床表现、诊断、手术方法方面加以总结。结果行胆囊切除+十二指肠瘘口修补术6例,胆囊切除+十二指肠瘘口修补+胃大部切除毕Ⅱ式吻合术3例,胆囊大部切除经胆囊十二指肠瘘口引流术5例。全部病例均-期手术痊愈出院。结论本病缺乏特异性的临床表现,术前诊断困难,术前B型超声及十二指肠肠镜检查是主要辅助诊断手段,手术治疗是唯一有效的治疗方法。     

New CT Scan Classification of Leak After Sleeve Gastrectomy

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become one of the most common bariatric procedures. Even so, the gastric leak remains the most feared complication with a difficult, non-standardized treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a new classification of leakage after LSG used in Montpellier University Hospital. We have studied the correlations between radiological findings and therapeutic outcome for the 20 gastric leaks. The presence of a leak was evaluated according to the day of appearance, the symptomatology, the location, severity on the CT scan, and the management. From May 2010 to September 2012, we prospectively collected data from 20 patients diagnosed with gastric leak after LSG. There were 16 women and 4 men with a mean age of 34 years old (range 21–52 years old). The fistula was diagnosed at postoperative day 28.1 days (range 3–77 days). Patients were grouped by the new classification in: 11—type I, 6—type II, 3—type III fistula, and 0—type IV. The visualization of leakage was observed for five cases (25 %). The initial surgical drainage was performed for 11 cases and the conservative treatment was preferred in 9 cases. Three cases necessitated a delayed surgical drainage after 1 week of conservative treatment. The surgical drainage was performed by laparoscopy in 12 cases and by laparotomy in 2 cases. The new CT scan classification of gastric leak could serve as a working basis for a consensus on the therapeutic management of this dreaded complication.     

胆囊十二指肠瘘30例临床分析

目的 探讨胆囊十二指肠瘘的诊断和外科治疗方法.方法 对1999年10月至2009年10月收治的30例胆囊十二指肠瘘临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 慢性结石性胆囊炎是引起胆囊十二指肠瘘的主要病因.术前通过内镜逆行胰胆管造影诊断1例.余病人均为术中明确诊断.30例均手术治愈,无十二指肠瘘发生.结论 胆囊十二指肠瘘术前诊断率低...     

带蒂腹直肌瓣修补膀胱阴道瘘39例疗效分析

目的:探讨带蒂腹直肌瓣修补膀胱阴道瘘的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月～2011年1月对39例较大瘘口的膀胱阴道瘘患者行带蒂腹直肌瓣修补,其中初次修补34例,2次以上修补5例;单纯瘘口修补30例,瘘口修补并输尿管膀胱再植9例。结果:39例患者中有38例获得随访,1例失访。一次手术成功率97.4%(37例);1例(2.6%)行二次修补治愈。术后随访6～36个月,均未出现阴道漏尿。结论:利用带蒂腹直肌瓣覆盖修补瘘口是治疗膀胱阴道瘘的有效方法。     

Treatment approach for vesicogenital fistula. Retrospective analysis of our data

The vesicogenital fistula are abnormal communications between female genitalia and urinary bladder. We recorded all the vesicogenital fistula diagnosed since 1986, analyzing aetiology, treatment applied, complications and results. Total number of fistula have been 20 (18 vesicovaginal and 2 vesicouterine). The distribution in vesicovaginal fistula was iatrogenic in 15 cases (83%) and tumoral in 3 cases (17%). Vesicouterine fistula were due to cesarean. The initial treatment of the iatrogenic fistula was conservative using foley catheter. Twenty percent of the patients were cured with this treatment (3 cases). Surgical repair was necessary for the other patients, using different surgical approach according to the type of the fistula, intensity and patient age. It was successful in 91% of the patients. The results shows that simple surgical approach generate less morbidity and the early intervention is not less efficient.     

尿道下裂术后近期尿道瘘的相关危险因素分析

目的 分析尿道下裂术后近期尿道瘘的相关危险因素,以利于提高尿道下裂治愈率.方法 回顾分析本院2012年6月至2014年6月所收治的149例尿道下裂患儿,均为第一次行尿道成形术(尿道下裂Ⅰ型患儿除外).且各型之间的尿道成形术式均相同.统计近期尿道瘘发生率,设定尿道下裂类型、年龄、体重指数、手术季节、合并阴茎发育不良、合并睾丸发育不良、合并阴茎睾丸发育不良、合并阴囊发育不良、合并感染为危险因素.结果 149例尿道下裂成形术后患儿共并发近期尿瘘21例(占14.09％).统计分析显示近期尿道瘘发生率与尿道下裂类型、合并感染、年龄有显著关系而与其他因素没有显著关系.结论 尿瘘仍是尿道下裂成形术后最主要的并发症,尿道下裂术后近期尿道瘘受多种因素影响,除了手术方式外最重要的因素有尿道下裂类型、合并感染、年龄.     

Glubran-2胶用于栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的 观察以Glubran-2胶栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的效果。方法 回顾性分析19例接受Glubran-2胶栓塞治疗的SDAVF患者,观察治疗后即刻栓塞效果、3个月后MRI表现、6个月后数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现及改良Aminoff-Logue评分,并根据后者评估疗效为稳定、改善或加重。结果 治疗后即刻造影示19例瘘口均完全封闭。治疗后1个月1例再次出现下肢无力和排尿困难,脊髓血管造影示瘘口复发,转外科治疗后病情稳定;治疗后3个月复查MRI示18例脊髓水肿范围均较治疗前明显缩小、血管流空影消失;治疗后6个月复查脊髓动脉DSA,18例均未见瘘口复发;改良Aminoff-Logue评分4.5(1.8,8.0),与治疗前[7.5(3.8,9.0)]差异有统计学意义(Z=－3.16,P<0.05),评定疗效为4例稳定、13例改善及1例加重。随访期间未见严重并发症。结论 Glubran-2胶用于栓塞治疗SDAVF效果较好。     

Vesicouterine fistula: a review of eight cases

Eight cases of vesicouterine fistula (VUF) (obstetrical etiology in six cases and inflammatory bowel disease in two) have been treated in the past 14 years. All six obstetrical cases were related to cesarean section. Both cases of colovesicouterine fistula presented acutely with watery vaginal discharge or fecaluria. Presenting complaints were vaginal urinary incontinence (five cases), hematuria (three), and vaginal discharge (two). Diagnosis was made with cystoscopy in seven cases and computed tomography in one. VUF usually was between posterior bladder and anterior uterine walls above the internal os. Of the initial treatments, six were surgical (three hysterectomies) with an abdominal (five) or transvaginal (one) approach. Mean follow up was 9 months (range, 2–24). Urinary incontinence resolved in all surgically treated patients. Two patients reporting cyclic hematuria were initially managed medically (medroxyprogesterone injections), with delayed surgical repair elsewhere. Surgical repair is the primary treatment for VUF. Successful pregnancy and cesarean delivery have been reported after VUF repair, without sequelae.     

肾结肠瘘六例报告

目的 提高肾结肠瘘的诊治水平。方法 回顾性分析6例肾结肠瘘患者的临床资料。男4例，女2例。平均年龄37岁。右肾4例，左肾2例。原发病为肾结石合并感染者3例，肾结石并发肾盂癌1例，肾结核1例，肾周围脓肿1例。6例临床上均无典型症状，均为逆行肾盂造影或肾穿刺造影时发现。结果 6例均行手术治疗，其中行患肾切除、结肠切除对端吻合术1例。行患肾切除、结肠瘘口切除修补术2例，行肾盂或输尿管上段切开取石、瘘管切除、肾及结肠修补术2例，肾结石并发肾盂癌1例因患肾及结肠与周围组织粘连严重，无法手术切除，仅行活检。6例中除肾结石并发肾盂癌1例术后6个月死于肺转移，余5例治愈，术后无并发症发生，随访8个月-9年，平均46个月，恢复良好。结论 肾结石合并感染是引起肾结肠瘘的主要病因，逆行肾盂造影或肾穿刺造影是确诊此病的主要方法。此病一经确诊，应尽早手术治疗。     

Laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula

PURPOSE: Vesicovaginal fistula may be a complication of urogynecologic surgery. We describe the technique of laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula as performed at our 2 institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since August 1998 laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula was performed in 15 select patients who had clear indications to undergo surgical treatment through an abdominal approach. Hysterectomy had previously been performed in 14 patients (93%). Conservative treatment was initially attempted for more than 2 months in all cases. Four patients had undergone a previous surgical fistula closure attempt with unsuccessful results. Our technique involved cystoscopy, catheterization of the vesicovaginal fistula, laparoscopic cystotomy, opening and excision of the fistulous tract, dissection of the bladder from the vagina, cystotomy closure and colpotomy with interposition of a flap of healthy tissue. Demographic as well as perioperative and outcome data were recorded. RESULTS: Average patient age was 38 years. None of the cases required open conversion. Mean operative time was 170 minutes (range 140 to 240). Mean hospital stay was 3 days (range 2 to 5). The mean duration of bladder catheterization was 10.4 days (range 9 to 15) At a mean followup of 26.2 months (range 3 to 60) 14 patients (93%) were cured. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that laparoscopic repair of vesicovaginal fistula is a feasible and efficacious minimally invasive approach for the management of this entity.