新生儿窒息后心肌酶谱检测的临床分析

目的:探讨新生儿窒息后血清心肌酶谱的变化及临床意义。方法:对60例新生儿窒息患儿与32例无窒息新生儿进行测定心肌酶谱,包括AST、LDH、CK-MB、α-HBDH,对比检测结果,评价心肌损害程度。结果:新生儿窒息时心肌酶谱不同程度增高,明显高于对照组,并与窒息程度成正比。结论:心肌酶谱测定可作为新生儿窒息后心肌损害的早期、灵敏、特异的重要诊断指标。     

窒息新生儿血小板参数与病情程度的关系探讨

目的 探讨窒息新生儿血小板参数变化及其与窒息程度、器官损害程度的关系。方法对50例窒息新生儿进行血小板数（PLT）、平均血小板体积（MPV）、血小板分布宽度（PDW）测定，分别按窒息程度、器官损害程度分组并进行组间比较。结果与轻度窒息组、单器官损害组比较，重度窒息组、多器官损害组PLT显著降低，MPV与PDW明显增高，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论血小板参数测定有助于判断新生儿窒息及器官损害程度。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性心肌损害66例临床分析

目的：探讨新生儿窒息心肌损害的状况。方法：对82例新生儿窒息患者进行测定心肌酶谱、心电图（ECG）等项目检查，以评价其心肌损害程度。结果：82例中并发心肌损害66例，血清心肌酶谱均有不同程度升高，心电图异常48例。结论：血清心肌酶谱及ECG可作为早期诊断新生儿缺氧缺血性心肌损害的重要指标。     

窒息新生儿心肌酶谱的变化

目的 探讨不同程度新生儿窒息后心肌酶谱的变化及其临床意义.方法 将轻度窒息和重度窒息组新生儿按照治疗与否分成治疗组和非治疗组,治疗组给予1,6-二磷酸果糖营养心肌治疗,同时选择正常新生儿作为对照组.各组新生儿均在入院时及生后3、7d检测肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁脱酸氢酶(HBDH),进行对比分析.结果 入院时重度窒息组与轻度窒息组和正常组比较、轻度窒息组与正常组比较心肌酶谱各指标明显升高(P均＜0.05).生后3d重度窒息组与轻度窒息组和正常组比较、轻度窒息组与正常组比较心肌酶谱各指标仍明显升高(P均＜ 0.05).生后7d重度窒息组与轻度窒息组和正常组比较心肌酶谱各指标仍明显升高(P均＜0.05),轻度窒息组与正常组比较各指标差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).治疗3d后重度窒息组与轻度窒息组和正常组比较、轻度窒息组与正常组比较心肌酶谱各指标仍明显升高(P均＜0.05).治疗7d后重度窒息组与轻度窒息组和正常组比较心肌酶谱各指标仍明显升高(P均＜ 0.05),轻度窒息组与正常组比较各指标差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).生后3d轻度窒息治疗组与未治疗组比较心肌酶谱各指标明显下降,重度窒息治疗组与未治疗组比较心肌酶谱各指标明显下降(P均＜ 0.05)；生后7d轻度窒息治疗组与未治疗组比较心肌酶谱CK、HBDH差异有统计学意义(P均＜ 0.05),CK-MB、LDH差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),重度窒息治疗组与未治疗组比较心肌酶谱各指标明显下降(P均＜ 0.05).结论 新生儿窒息可导致早期新生儿阶段心肌酶谱异常,1,6-二磷酸果糖治疗有助于改善心肌损害,应早期应用.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病合并心肌损害相关因素分析

目的 :探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病 (NHIE)伴心肌损害的心电图、血清心肌酶学改变与HIE分度的相互关系 ,心肌损害与窒息恢复时间的关系。方法 :对 16 5例HIE伴心肌损害的患儿出生后 4 8h以内的血清LDH(乳酸脱氢酶 )、CK (肌酶激酶 )、CK -MB (肌酶激酶同功酶 )、HBDH (a -羟丁酸脱氢酶 )的含量进行测定 ,并作心电图检查。结果 :心肌损害与窒息恢复时间呈明显正相关 ,P <0 0 1。 83例 (83/16 5 )患儿心电图出现改变 ,重度组改变分别大于轻、中度组 ,轻度组大于中度组。经方差分析显示 :心肌酶中CK、CK -MB变化与HIE的分度呈正相关性 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;12例 (12 /16 5 )病人于出生后 12h内出现心肌酶谱变化 ,而其中 8例的酶谱变化出现于生后 6h内。结论 :心肌损害和窒息恢复时间密切相关 ,常规检测心肌酶、心电图对HIE伴心肌损害的程度及预后判断 ,以及指导临床治疗有较大参考价值 ;生后 12小时内即可监测心肌酶学变化     

新生儿窒息合并心肌损害血清心肌酶变化(附12例分析)

目的探讨心肌酶水平对窒息新生儿心肌损害的诊断价值。方法将12例窒息新生儿为实验组,另外收集10例同期正常新生儿作为对照组。两组新生儿经股静脉穿刺采血2 ml,分离血清,在24 h内测定心肌酶活性,同时做心电图检查,统计学处理采用t检验。结果两组血清心肌酶测定结果比较显示两组血清心肌酶均值间的差别有显著性意义。窒息组均出现心电图改变。结论血清心肌酶活性测定及心电图检测可作为新生儿窒息后心肌损害的早期监测和诊断的指标,为早期治疗提供依据。     

窒息后新生儿52例血心肌酶谱变化的临床分析

目的探讨新生儿窒息后血清心肌酶谱的变化。方法对52例窒息新生儿心肌损害患者（心肌损害组）与52例无窒息新生儿（对照组）血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）、乳酸脱氢酸（LDH）及α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α—HBDH）进行对照检测。结果测定的血清AST、CK、LDH及α-HBDH值，心肌损害组较对照组稍高，差异无统计学意义；但血清CK—MB值心肌损害组较对照组高，差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。新生儿窒息时心肌酶谱中CK—MB明显增高，治疗1周后CK—MB显著下降，治疗前、后差异有非常显著性。结论心肌酶谱定量测定可作为新生儿窒息后心肌损害的早期、灵敏、特异的重要诊断指标。     

心肌酶谱与肌钙蛋白I测定对新生儿窒息诊断的评价

窒息是新生儿常见症状和主要死亡原因之一,其本质是缺氧,它可以造成多器官多系统损伤,其中以心脏受累最常见。为了对窒息新生儿心肌损害作出早期诊断,本文对2006年6月1日～2007年3月1日在我院儿科重症监护病房住院的新生儿窒息患儿的心肌酶谱（AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB）与肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）进行定量测定，以讨论心肌酶谱和肌钙蛋白I对新生儿窒息后心肌损伤的诊断价值。     

心肌酶谱与肌钙蛋白I测定对新生儿窒息诊断的评价

窒息是新生儿常见症状和主要死亡原因之一,其本质是缺氧,它可以造成多器官多系统损伤,其中以心脏受累最常见。为了对窒息新生儿心肌损害作出早期诊断,本文对2006年6月1日～2007年3月1日在我院儿科重症监护病房住院的新生儿窒息患儿的心肌酶谱（AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB）与肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）进行定量测定，以讨论心肌酶谱和肌钙蛋白I对新生儿窒息后心肌损伤的诊断价值。     

新生儿窒息后血清心肌酶检测结果分析

目的探讨新生儿窒息后血清心肌酶浓度变化与窒息程度的相关性。方法采用奥林巴斯2700全自动生化分析仪检测血清心肌酶浓度。结果新生儿窒息后血清心肌酶活性显著增高，其增高程度与新生儿窒息程度成正比。结论窒息的新生儿通过检测血清心肌酶能及早发现心肌损害，并判断其严重程度。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.