高粘稠度骨水泥PVP术和PKP术治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果对比

目的对比高粘稠度骨水泥PVP术和PKP术治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年4月于我院治疗的椎体压缩性骨折的老年患者共102例,采用高粘稠度骨水泥PVP术47例(PVP组),高粘稠度骨水泥PKP术55例(PKP组),对比两组患者骨水泥用量和渗漏率,治疗24 h及术后6个月后脊柱后凸Cobb's角、椎体高度、腰背部VAS评分、ODI评分和JOA评分。结果两组患者的手术椎体数量比较差异无统计学意义(0.05),PKP组患者中单个椎体骨水泥使用量显著高于PVP组(0.05),两组患者治疗后1、3、6月的JOA得分比较差异无统计学意义(0.05),治疗前、治疗后24 h、6个月的脊柱后凸Cobb's角、腰背部VAS评分、ODI评分和椎体高度比较差异均无统计学意义(0.05)。结论高粘度骨水泥PVP和PKP治疗老年椎体压缩性骨折,PVP使用骨水泥量少于PKP,骨水泥渗漏率相当,均可显著改善疼痛及腰部的功能。     

脊柱转移瘤姑息性切除减压内固定联合骨水泥填充的临床疗效研究

目的探讨姑息性切除减压内固定联合骨水泥填充对脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效。方法对2016年1月至2017年12月在本院行姑息性切除减压内固定联合骨水泥填充术的37例患者行回顾性研究。其中,男21例,女16例;年龄23～71岁,平均(55.0±10.4)岁;受侵犯椎体数为64个,其中胸椎37个,腰椎27个。记录术中出血量、手术时间、单个椎体骨水泥注入量,以及术前、术后视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI),通过影像学资料评估术前及术后椎体前缘、椎体中部高度变化。结果所有患者手术顺利,随访时间12～18个月,平均(14.7±2.0)个月。随访期间,未出现内固定松动者,1例患者出现手术切口感染,经抗生素治疗及换药后好转,无需外科干预。1例患者于术后16个月因肿瘤转移引起多器官衰竭而死亡。患者术后1周、术后半年及术后1年时的VAS评分及ODI指数和术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1周、术后半年及术后1年时的椎体前缘高度及椎体中部高度与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脊柱转移瘤姑息性切除减压内固定联合骨水泥填充术能明显缓解患者疼痛,改善功能障碍,维持椎体高度,保护脊柱生物力学稳定性,治疗效果持久,对于改善晚期肿瘤患者的生存质量有积极的意义。     

高粘度与低粘度骨水泥PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效及安全性分析

目的对比较经皮椎体成形术(PVP)中使用高粘度骨水泥与低粘度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效和安全性。方法将68例OVCF行PVP治疗的患者分为高粘度组与低粘度组,分别采用高粘度骨水泥与低粘度骨水泥修复,比较两组患者疼痛缓解(VAS)、脊柱功能改善情况(ODI)、骨水泥渗漏发生率、术后骨水泥肺栓塞发生率及术后邻近椎体骨折发生率情况。结果末次随访,两组VAS、ODI评分均较术前改善,但高粘度组较低粘度组改善更加明显,差异均有统计学意义(0.01)。高粘度组骨水泥渗漏发生为2.9%,明显低于低粘度组(20.6%),差异有统计学意义(x~2=5.100,0.05);高粘度组术后骨水泥肺栓塞发生率为0,明显低于低粘度组(11.8%),差异有统计学意义(x~2=4.250,0.05);高粘度组术后邻近椎体骨折发生率为0,明显低于低粘度组术后邻近椎体骨折发生率(14.7%),差异有统计学意义(x~2=5.397,0.05)。结论经皮椎体成形术中使用高粘度骨水泥疗效显著,术后并发症少。     

高黏度与低黏度骨水泥椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效观察

目的比较经皮椎体成形术（PVP）中使用高黏度聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）骨水泥和低黏度PMMA骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折（OVCF）的疗效,为日后临床PVP手术选择提供理论基础。方法对2014年1月至2015年1月期间行PVP治疗的158例OVCF患者进行回顾性研究。根据PVP术中使用的骨水泥黏度将患者分为高黏度组75例（A组）和低黏度组83例（B组）。采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）以及0swestry功能障碍指数（0DI）进行疼痛评分及脊椎功能评分,并比较两组患者骨水泥渗漏及邻近椎体骨折的发生情况。结果随访时间为12～18个月,平均随访时间为（14．3±3．6）个月。两组患者年龄、性别比、体质量指数（BMI）、BMD、VAS评分、ODI指数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后3天及末次随访两组患者的VAS、ODI指数较术前降低（P〈0．05）,术后3天及末次随访两组患者椎体高度较术前升高（P〈0．05）而两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A组渗漏率（9.3％）明显低于B组（25．3％）（P〈0．05）。A组邻近椎体骨折率（6．67％）与B组（4．82％）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组均未发现其他并发症。结论高黏度及低黏度骨水泥均可有效治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,而使用高黏度骨水泥渗漏率明显低于低黏度骨水泥,在此方面更具优势。     

单侧与双侧经皮椎体成形术对老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者腰椎功能及疼痛程度的影响对比分析

目的:对比单侧与双侧经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折(OVCF)的临床疗效.方法:2020 年6 月至2023年 6月本院行PVP治疗的70 例老年OVCF患者,根据穿刺方法分为单侧组(n=36,单侧穿刺行PVP手术)和双侧组(n=34,双侧穿刺行PVP手术).比较两组手术相关情况,在术前、术后 3 m、6 m采用ODI和VAS量表评估两组患者腰椎功能及疼痛程度,并统计并发症情况.结果:单侧组手术时间更短、透视次数和骨水泥用量更少(P＜0.05).双侧组术后 6 m ODI、VAS评分低于单侧组(P＜0.05).结论:双侧穿刺行PVP治疗OVCF在缓解疼痛及改善腰椎功能方面更优,但单侧穿刺可缩短手术时间,减少透视次数和骨水泥用量.     

高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术对绝经骨质疏松压缩骨折的疗效评价

目的：评价高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗绝经骨质疏松压缩骨折的临床疗效,为该病的临床治疗方案选择提供参考依据。方法：以我院2010年4月至2012年4月收治的170例绝经骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表分为观察组、对照组,各85例,均实施PVP治疗,观察组术中应用高黏度骨水泥,对照组术中应用低黏度骨水泥。比较两组患者疼痛、功能、影像学指标变化及术后骨水泥渗漏发生情况,探讨高黏度骨水泥对治疗效果与安全性的影响。结果：两组患者术后视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)均较术前下降,观察组术后15 d、术后3个月VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评分均较术前降低,日本骨科协会评估治疗分数(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)评分均升高,观察组术后6个月ODI评分低于对照组,其JOA评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后椎体高度压缩率、椎体后凸Cobb角均较术前下降,观察组术后椎体高度压缩率、椎体后凸Cobb角低于对照组,其椎体高度恢复率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后骨水泥渗漏发生率为13.41%,低于对照组的51.85%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：PVP术中应用高黏度骨水泥能够明显降低绝经骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者术后骨水泥渗漏风险,对患者疼痛的早期缓解及机体功能的早期恢复均具有积极意义,值得推广。     

高黏度骨水泥与传统骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的疗效比较

目的比较高黏度骨水泥与传统聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的疗效,探讨高黏度骨水泥在临床应用中的优势。方法选择2009年7月~2013年7月治疗并获得随访160例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,其中男性64例,女性96例;年龄61~88岁,平均年龄69.1岁。分高黏度骨水泥组[91例(112个椎体)]和传统骨水泥组[69例(86个椎体)]。高黏度骨水泥组,采用以色列Disc-O-Tech公司Confidence骨水泥,施行经皮椎体成形术(PVP);传统骨水泥组,采用PMMA骨水泥,施行PVP。术后对比两组患者视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、责任椎Cobb角的恢复情况及术后骨水泥渗漏情况,并随访观察。结果高黏度骨水泥组与传统骨水泥组VAS评分(1.5±0.8vs1.4±0.9)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);高黏度骨水泥组Cobb角恢复优于传统骨水泥组(13.6°±3.1°vs 19.8°±3.0°),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);高黏度骨水泥组渗漏率远低于传统骨水泥组(19.6%vs 41.9%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者术后获得3~48个月(平均16个月)随访,其中3例出现神经根症状,所有患者未出现感染、肺栓塞等并发症。结论高黏度骨水泥与传统PMMA骨水泥相比,在纠正椎体Cobb角及降低骨水泥渗漏发生率方面效果更佳,明显提高了PVP的安全性及有效性。     

椎体成形术中注入不同剂量骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效分析

探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)注入不同剂量骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的有效性和安全性。 方法自2015年6月至2017年1月,从首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院骨科随机挑选90例符合入选标准的OVCF患者,根据PVP术中骨水泥不同注入剂量,分为低剂量组(小于4 mL)、常规剂量组(4～6 mL)和高剂量组(大于6 mL),每组各30例,并对3组患者的手术时间、术中骨水泥用量、骨水泥渗漏,以及术前、术后1个月和术后1年的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评分进行分析。对数据行单因素方差分析、Bonferroni校正法及χ²检验。 结果3组患者均顺利完成手术,无严重手术并发症的发生。(1)手术时间：低剂量组(22.30±2.71) min、常规剂量组(23.10±5.00) min,高剂量组(26.17±3.50) min, 3组间总体比较差异有统计学意义(F＝8.382, P＝0.000),高剂量组的手术时间要明显高于前2组,差异均有统计学意义(P＝0.001、0.008),而前2组的手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)术中骨水泥用量：低剂量组(3.37±0.41) mL、常规剂量组(5.17±0.50) mL、高剂量组(6.53±0.64) mL,3组间总体比较差异有统计学意义(F＝273.194, P＝0.000)。(3)骨水泥渗漏：低剂量组8例、常规剂量组18例、高剂量组21例,高剂量组和常规剂量组骨水泥渗漏发生率明显高于低剂量组,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝6.787、11.279, P＝0.027、0.003);而高剂量组和常规剂量组骨水泥渗漏发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.659, P＝1.251)。(4)VAS评分：低剂量组、常规剂量组、高剂量组患者术前VAS评分分别为(8.70±1.21)、(8.50±1.17)、(8.17±1.12)分;术后1个月VAS评分分别为(3.37±1.03)、(3.83±1.23)、(3.47±1.11)分;术后1年VAS评分分别为(0.93±0.87)、(0.97±0.77)、(1.23±0.86)分。3组患者术后1个月和术后1年VAS评分明显小于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P值均小于0.05),但3组间总体比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)。(5)ODI评分：低剂量组、常规剂量组、高剂量组患者术前ODI评分分别为(41.20±2.43)、(40.83±2.20)、(39.93±2.08)分;术后1个月ODI评分分别为(23.07±2.70)、(23.17±2.95)、(22.80±3.20)分;术后1年ODI评分分别为(11.33±1.83)、(11.27±1.82)、(11.47±1.78)分。3组患者术后1个月和术后1年ODI评分明显小于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P值均小于0.05),但3组间总体比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均大于0.05)。 结论PVP术中注入低剂量骨水泥可以达到同样良好的术后疼痛缓解以及功能恢复效果,可以明显缩短手术时间,降低骨水泥渗漏的风险。     

骨科机器人辅助经皮椎体后凸成形治疗多节段脊柱转移瘤

背景:经皮椎体后凸成形治疗多节段脊柱转移瘤存在手术时间长、透视剂量大、骨水泥易渗漏等相关问题。机器人辅助下经皮椎体后凸成形治疗可优化手术,减少并发症的发生。目的:评价机器人辅助下经皮椎体后凸成形治疗多节段脊柱转移瘤的安全性和优势所在。方法:回顾分析2018年1月至2019年4月收治的43例无神经损伤症状多节段脊柱转移瘤患者的临床资料,根据手术方法分为机器人辅助组(n=22)和传统透视组(n=21)。2组患者性别、年龄、病椎数量、原发肿瘤来源、术前目测类比评分等一般资料比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。收集2组患者手术时间、透视次数、透视剂量、椎弓根突破率、穿刺内倾角及骨水泥渗漏情况;对比2组术前、术后2d及末次随访目测类比评分、椎体中线高度、Cobb角度。结果与结论:①机器人辅助组和传统透视组治疗的病椎数量分别为79个和70个;②机器人辅助组平均手术时间、透视次数明显少于传统透视组,透视剂量低于传统透视组,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.001);③机器人辅助组椎弓根突破率为6%,传统透视组为21%,差异有显著性意义(χ^2=6.040,P=0.014);④机器人辅助组穿刺内倾角大于传统透视组(P<0.001);⑤机器人辅助组骨水泥渗漏率显著低于传统透视组(8%,23%,χ^2=6.869,P=0.009);⑥术前、术后2d、末次随访2组间目测类比评分、椎体中线高度、Cobb角比较,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑦提示机器人辅助下经皮椎体后凸成形治疗多节段脊柱转移瘤可缩短手术时间,减少透视次数,降低透视剂量,穿刺准确率高,骨水泥渗漏风险低。     

侧推椎体内注射聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体隐匿性骨折的应用研究

目的 探讨侧推椎体内注射聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体隐匿性骨折的临床治疗效果。方法 选择民航总医院2016年3月至2019年9月采用经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty, PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体隐匿性骨折患者68例,侧推组40例,对照组28例,两组患者在年龄、性别、病情分级上无统计学差异。通过对比两组患者的骨水泥注入量以及骨水泥分布情况评价侧推的临床效果;采用术后随访的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue, VAS)评价手术效果;测量对比Cobb角以及椎体前缘的椎体高度(vertebral height, VH)评价脊柱畸形的矫正效果。结果 骨水泥注入量和分布侧推组与对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。侧推组术后3 d与对照组VAS比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),侧推组和对照组术前和术后6个月、术后12个月VAS比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。VH侧推组和对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Cobb角术后12个月侧推组和对照组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05...     

骨移植体及骨移植替代物在体内的血管化

探讨了骨移植体及骨移植替代物在体内血管化的机理、意义及过程,以更好地促进骨缺损移植修复的效果.通过对近期有关文献所作相关研究的综述,总结出各类骨移植体及骨移植替代物体内血管化的特点及影响因素.骨移植体及骨移植替代物体内血管化过程是移植手段能够奏效的重要保障.组织工程化人工骨作为一种日益重要的骨移植替代物,进一步提高其在体内的血管化进程,是更好发挥其生命活力的关键.     

Long bone histomorphogenesis of the naked mole-rat: Histodiversity and intraspecific variation

Lacking fur, living in eusocial colonies and having the longest lifespan of any rodent, makes naked mole-rats (NMRs) rather peculiar mammals. Although they exhibit a high degree of polymorphism, skeletal plasticity and are considered a novel model to assess the effects of delayed puberty on the skeletal system, scarce information on their morphogenesis exists. Here, we examined a large ontogenetic sample (n = 76) of subordinate individuals to assess the pattern of bone growth and bone microstructure of fore- and hindlimb bones by using histomorphological techniques. Over 290 undecalcified thin cross-sections from the midshaft of the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibia from pups, juveniles and adults were analyzed with polarized light microscopy. Similar to other fossorial mammals, NMRs exhibited a systematic cortical thickening of their long bones, which clearly indicates a conserved functional adaptation to withstand the mechanical strains imposed during digging, regardless of their chisel-tooth predominance. We describe a high histodiversity of bone matrices and the formation of secondary osteons in NMRs. The bones of pups are extremely thin-walled and grow by periosteal bone formation coupled with considerable expansion of the medullary cavity, a process probably tightly regulated and adapted to optimize the amount of minerals destined for skeletal development, to thus allow the female breeder to produce a higher number of pups, as well as several litters. Subsequent cortical thickening in juveniles involves high amounts of endosteal bone apposition, which contrasts with the bone modeling of other mammals where a periosteal predominance exists. Adults have bone matrices predominantly consisting of parallel-fibered bone and lamellar bone, which indicate intermediate to slow rates of osteogenesis, as well as the development of poorly vascularized lamellar-zonal tissues separated by lines of arrested growth (LAGs) and annuli. These features reflect the low metabolism, low body temperature and slow growth rates reported for this species, as well as indicate a cyclical pattern of osteogenesis. The presence of LAGs in captive individuals was striking and indicates that postnatal osteogenesis and its consequent cortical stratification most likely represents a plesiomorphic thermometabolic strategy among endotherms which has been suggested to be regulated by endogenous rhythms. However, the generalized presence of LAGs in this and other subterranean taxa in the wild, as well as recent investigations on variability of environmental conditions in burrow systems, supports the hypothesis that underground environments experience seasonal fluctuations that may influence the postnatal osteogenesis of animals by limiting the extension of burrow systems during the unfavorable dry seasons and therefore the finding of food resources. Additionally, the intraspecific variation found in the formation of bone tissue matrices and vascularization suggested a high degree of developmental plasticity in NMRs, which may help explaining the polymorphism reported for this species. The results obtained here represent a valuable contribution to understanding the relationship of several aspects involved in the morphogenesis of the skeletal system of a mammal with extraordinary adaptations.     

豌豆骨移位代月骨的应用解剖

在15只成年上肢标本和57套腕骨标本上观察了豌豆骨的形态和血供。豌豆骨的骨内、外血管网发达,吻合丰富,有3～5支营养血管。以尺侧腕屈肌腱为蒂进行移位代替月骨,血供有保证。豌豆骨的纵径刚好与月骨的横径相近,故将纵置的豌豆骨改为横置方位:适当保留豌豆骨周围部分软组织,可以填补月骨空间,又能保存骨周围血管网。     

人体腕骨显微骨硬度分布特征的研究

目的 探讨人体腕骨显微骨硬度的分布特征及其临床意义。方法 纳入3具新鲜冰冻成人尸体标本(62岁男性、58岁男性、45岁女性),将右侧腕骨软组织剥离后,用慢速锯分别在舟骨、月骨、头状骨、钩骨、大多角骨和小多角骨切取厚3 mm的骨组织标本。舟骨选取舟骨结节、腰部内外侧和舟骨体部,月骨选取腕关节面、掌侧面、背侧面和远端,头状骨、钩骨、大多角骨和小多角骨选取外层皮质不同区域,应用德国KB-5型显微维氏硬度仪测试标本不同区域的硬度值,采用50 gf力加载50 s、维持12 s的标准操作方法进行硬度值测定,每个区域选取 5 个有效值,全体有效值的平均值作为该部位的骨硬度值。观察不同骨骼间及骨骼内部不同区域的骨硬度值差异。结果 3具标本中共取得舟骨、月骨、头状骨、钩骨、大多角骨和小多角骨标本切片18片,测量位点255个。腕骨不同骨骼骨硬度从高到低依次为钩状骨(39.04±5.79)HV、头状骨(38.98±6.17)HV、舟骨(37.72±5.85)HV、大多角骨(35.89±4.75)HV、月骨(33.65±5.42)HV及小多角骨(31.82±5.54)HV,不同骨骼间总体骨硬度差异有统计学意义(F=10.783,P＜0.01)。舟骨、月骨内部不同区域骨硬度分布近似,舟骨结节、腰部外侧、腰部内侧和舟骨体部骨硬度分别为(37.07±5.77)、(37.51±6.39)、(40.00±5.64)、(36.31±5.47)HV,其中腰部内侧骨硬度最大,舟骨体部骨硬度最小,4部位间骨硬度比较差异无统计学意义(F=1.129,P＞0.05)。月骨腕关节面、掌侧面、背侧面和远端骨硬度分别为(33.57±3.61)、(34.58±6.04)、(35.47±5.24)、(30.97±5.88)HV,其中背侧骨硬度最大,远端骨硬度最小, 4个部位间骨硬度比较差异无统计学意义(F=2.040,P＞0.05)。结论 健康人腕骨不同骨骼间硬度各有不同,舟骨和月骨内部各部位骨硬度分布均匀一致。测量腕骨显微骨硬度值,了解其分布特征,有助于了解腕骨微观生物力学性能,亦可指导腕骨骨折内固定方法的选择,设计制作更加符合人体生理状态下的腕部骨骼假体及建立腕部肌骨组织的有限元模型。临床试验注册 中国临床试验注册中心,注册号为ChiCTR-BPR-17010818。     

多代连续饮用四种饮水的雌性大鼠骨生物力学性能和骨代谢水平的比较

目的观察雌性SD大鼠多代连续单纯饮用自来水、纯净水、矿物质水和天然水,对其骨质密度、骨生物力学性能及骨代谢的影响。方法取前期实验暴露于四种饮水条件下的F2代断乳健康雌性SD大鼠,各组30只,饮用与F1代相同饮水,除饮水外其他条件完全相同。饲养10个月后处死,腹主动脉取血并分离血清检测大鼠骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、骨钙素（BGP）、血清I型前胶原羧基端前肽（PICP）、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽（ICTP）,同时取右侧股骨,进行骨密度和骨生物力学检测。结果血清中BGP含量天然水组高于自来水组（P〈0.05）;PICP含量纯净水组和天然水组低于自来水组（P〈0.01）;ICTP含量天然水组低于自来水组（P〈0.01）。拉伸试验显示：自来水组大鼠股骨最大桡度高于天然水组、矿物质水组和纯净水组（P〈0.01）;自来水组弹性桡度高于天然水组（P〈0.01）和矿物质水组（P〈0.05）。自来水组大鼠股骨最大应变高于天然水组、矿物质水组和纯净水组（P〈0.01）;断裂应变自来水组高于矿物质水组和天然水组（P〈0.01）。杨氏模量自来水组低于天然水组（P〈0.05）。结论长期饮用不同水质的水,可能对大鼠骨骼的生长发育会造成一定的影响。     

Vascular tumors of bone: A study of 17 cases other than ordinary hemangioma,with an evaluation of the relationship of hemangioendothelioma of bone to epithelioid hemangioma,epithelioid hemangioendothelioma,and high-grade angiosarcoma

Cases filed as vascular tumor of bone other than ordinary hemangioma were reviewed. They were included in the study if there was adequate histologic material and clinical information, clear evidence of bone origin, and at least 5 years follow-up. The study group comprised 17 cases, of which 13 were categorized as hemangioendothelioma of bone, 1 as epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and 3 as high-grade angiosarcoma. Hemangioendothelioma of bone had growth patterns varying from vasoformative to solid, but well-formed vessels were present in at least some area in all cases. The cells generally had a rounded, epithelioid character, regular nuclei, and relatively few mitotic figures; occasional features included spindle cells and scattered enlarged, hyperchromatic or pleomorphic nuclei. Lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate ranged from prominent to slight or absent, and myxoid or hyaline stroma was never more than focal. Epithelioid hemangioma could not be separated from hemangioendothelioma of bone. The single epithelioid hemangioendothelioma for the most part had cords of relatively uniform epithelioid cells in a prominent myxoid stroma but focally demonstrated an angiosarcoma-like appearance, with irregular vascular spaces and marked nuclear pleomorphism. The high-grade angiosarcomas exhibited predominantly irregular vasoformation combined with solid areas, diffuse nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism, and, in 2 cases, numerous mitotic figures (the third case had only a small biopsy and a postradiation amputation specimen). Of the hemangioendotheliomas of bone, 7 were unicentric and 6 were regionally multicentric either concurrently or sequentially. Three patients had intraosseous local recurrence, 2 had discontinuous regional skin or soft tissue involvement (including the popliteal artery in 1), and 1 had a solitary lung metastasis, but none died of tumor. The patient with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma had multicentric tumors in widely separated bones and died with liver and lung metastases. Two of the high-grade angiosarcomas were unicentric, and the third was regionally multicentric, with a popliteal artery-soft tissue component as well. All 3 of these patients died with metastases in various sites.     

A fixation-decalcification procedure for bone biopsies

A procedure for the simultaneous fixation and decalcification of bone biopsies is described. Mild acidic fixatives (such as Bouin's fluid) are effective decalcifying agents when made calcium-free by a continuous circulation through a column of anion-binding ion exchange resin. The procedure has been found relatively fast, safe, economic and to provide excellent histology of biopsies containing cancellous bone.     

Does the degree of laminarity correlate with site‐specific differences in collagen fibre orientation in primary bone? An evaluation in the turkey ulna diaphysis

de Margerie hypothesized that preferred orientations of primary vascular canals in avian primary cortical bone mediate important mechanical adaptations. Specifically, bones that receive habitual compression, tension or bending stresses typically have cortices with a low laminarity index (LI) (i.e. relatively lower cross-sectional areas of circularly (C) orientated primary vascular canals, and relatively higher areas of canals with radial (R), oblique (O) or longitudinal (L) orientations. By contrast, bones subject to habitual torsion have a high LI (i.e. relatively higher C-orientated canal area) [LI, based on percentage vascular canal area, = C/(C + R + O + L)]. Regional variations in predominant collagen fibre orientation (CFO) may be the adaptive characteristic mediated by LI. Using turkey ulnae, we tested the hypothesis that site-specific variations in predominant CFO and LI are strongly correlated. Mid-diaphyseal cross-sections (100 +/- 5 micro m) from subadult and adult bones were evaluated for CFO and LI using circularly polarized light images of cortical octants. Results showing significant differences between mean LI of subadult (40.0% +/- 10.7%) and adult (50.9% +/- 10.4%) (P < 0.01) bones suggest that adult bones experience more prevalent/predominant torsion. Alternatively, this relationship may reflect differences in growth rates. High positive correlations between LI and predominant CFO (subadults: r = 0.735; adults: r = 0.866; P < 0.001) suggest that primary bone can exhibit potentially adaptive material variations that are independent of secondary osteon formation.