克罗恩病并发肠瘘的诊断与治疗

目的探讨克罗恩病(CD)并发肠瘘的诊断与治疗方法。方法对1978至2004年收治的62例CD并发肠瘘患者的临床资料进行分析。结果本组肠外瘘68例次,其中多发瘘6例次;肠内瘘8例次。肠瘘以末端回肠瘘(27例次)和回结肠吻合口瘘(21例次)为主。手术方式主要为回结肠吻合口拆除重建(26例次)和回盲部切除回结肠吻合(14例次)。首次肠瘘、术后服用免疫药物者复发率15.4%,明显低于未服药患者(34.8%);复发时间为(40±17)个月,明显长于不服药组的(8±3)个月;两组比较,P<0.01。结论CD合并的肠瘘以肠外瘘为主。主要手术方法为瘘口切除与肠吻合术。术后应用免疫抑制药物可降低CD合并肠瘘的复发率。     

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目的　研究生长抑素和生长激素在肠外瘘治疗中的作用与方法及其对现行肠外瘘治疗方法与策略的改进。方法　 1996年以来收治的 388例肠外瘘病人 ,84例接受了早期快速自行愈合疗法。 35例病人接受了早期确定性手术。结果　在快速自行愈合组 ,80例成功自愈。其中单纯生长抑素组共 2 4例 ,2 1例自行愈合(87 5 % )。生长抑素加生长激素组 6 0例 ,5 9例成功自愈 (98 3% )。单纯生长抑素组平均自愈时间为 (33 0±31 5 )天。生长抑素加生长激素组平均自愈时间 (2 8 8± 18 5 )天。行早期确定性手术的 35例病人均存活 ,其中4例术后发生吻合口再漏 ,经冲洗引流后均自行愈合。结论　生长抑素和生长激素在肠外瘘发生后序贯使用 ,可提高肠外瘘的自行愈合率。对早期肠外瘘可试行早期确定性手术 ,在围手术期加用生长激素 ,可确保其成功     

慢性放射性肠炎的外科治疗

目的探讨慢性放射性肠炎外科治疗的方法及临床效果。方法对49例慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻、肠瘘、肠狭窄、肠出血、严重结肠直肠炎及肠穿孔的患者进行治疗,其中47例平均施行(2·8±2·1)次手术。26例行病变肠段切除、一期肠吻合术;14例行病变肠段切除、近端肠造口术,其中6例为永久性肠造口,8例二期手术肠造口还纳;7例行病变肠段旷置术。结果本组无一例发生吻合口瘘,47例(96%)临床治愈,死亡2例。结论慢性放射性肠炎出现外科并发症需及时手术治疗,应根据患者全身及腹腔情况选择正确术式,围手术期处理及吻合口解剖部位的选择是手术成功的关键。     

结直肠癌切除术后吻合口瘘的治疗

目的探讨结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的治疗措施。方法回顾性分析45例结直肠癌术后发生吻合口瘘患者的临床资料。结果556例结直肠癌患者,术后发生吻合口瘘45例(8．1%),其中40例(88．9%)与直肠手术有关。术后吻合口瘘发生时间3 h-51 d。42例采用非手术治疗,36例(85．7%)治愈,平均瘘口愈合时间为(28．9±15．4)d；6例未愈合,其中5例改行结肠造瘘,1例合并吻合口狭窄放人金属支架扩张狭窄。8例(17．8%,包括5例非手术治疗失败者)予以手术治疗。死亡4例(8．9%)。结论结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘以非手术治疗为主,必要时予以手术治疗。     

肠外瘘12例治疗体会

肠外瘘是腹部外科常见而严重的并发症及危重症。笔者在过去 16年中对 12例肠外瘘患者采取早期手术治疗 ,均获得成功 ,现报告如下。临床资料本组 12例患者中 ,男 9例 ,女 3例。年龄 13～ 67岁 ,平均 34岁。 12例肠瘘共有瘘口 14个。复杂瘘 1例 ,十二指肠瘘 1例 ,小肠瘘 9例 ,结肠瘘 2例。致瘘因素 :十二指肠残端瘘 1例 ,胃大部切除毕Ⅱ式术后横结肠梗阻近端瘘 1例 ,出血坏死性肠炎术后小肠、结肠复杂瘘 1例 ,小肠外伤、梗阻肠切除吻合口瘘 3例 ,阑尾残端瘘 2例 ,肠伤寒穿孔修补术后瘘 2例 ,妇产科刮宫术后小肠瘘 1例 ,女性结扎术后小肠瘘 1例…     

皮下埋植吻合口在结肠损伤中的应用（附53例报告）

目的 探讨皮下埋植吻合口在结肠损伤中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析53例一期行吻合术并皮下埋植吻合口的结肠损伤患者的临床资料.结果 53例患者手术均顺利完成,无术中死亡病例.手术时间为2.3～4.8h,平均（3.4±1.1）h;术后通气时间为2.4～5.5d,平均（3.5±1.1）d;住院时间6～45d,平均（10.5±3.5）d.53例患者中,3例患者术后出现多器官功能衰竭而死亡;9例患者出现吻合口瘘,予以伤口换药或覆盖造口袋后10～55d后痊愈;5例术后出现伤口感染或脂肪液化,伤口换药7～15d后痊愈;4例术后1个月内出现肠梗阻,予以保守治疗后痊愈.余病例均无明显并发症.结论 皮下埋植吻合口在结肠损伤一期吻合术中有一定的临床可行性,便于术后及时发现和尽早地处理吻合口瘘,减少吻合口瘘的并发症.     

直线型切割吻合器在右半结肠切除术中22例的应用体会

目的探讨直线型切割吻合器在右半结肠切除术中的应用。方法结肠癌患者行右半结肠切除术时应用直线型切割缝合器(安得55)行侧侧吻合术为治疗组;应用常规回肠-结肠端端吻合术为对照组。统计两组间患者手术时间、术中出血量、吻合口瘘、肠梗阻及吻合口狭窄例数、肠功能恢复时间、术后12d内排便次数的差异。应用Ficher's精确概率检验及t检验比较两组数据。结果治疗组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后12d内排便次数较对照组明显减少(P0.05);而术后吻合口瘘、肠梗阻、吻合口狭窄、肠功能恢复时间治疗组虽有减少但两组无显著性差别(P0.05)。结论右半结肠切除中应用直线型切割缝合器行侧侧吻合术有较好的应用价值。     

带蒂大网膜覆盖肠道吻合口周围预防吻合口瘘的临床疗效

目的 探讨采用带蒂大网膜覆盖高危性肠道吻合口周围预防吻合口瘘的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年5月至2012年5月河南省肿瘤医院普通外科收治的133例具有肠道吻合口瘘高危因素患者的临床资料.根据术中是否采用带蒂大网膜覆盖吻合口周围分为两组.改良组(带蒂大网膜覆盖吻合口周围)患者69例;对照组(带蒂大网膜未覆盖吻合口周围)患者64例.手术由同一组医师完成,肠道重建均使用同一家公司吻合器吻合,肠道肿瘤患者均施行根治性切除术.比较两组患者吻合口瘘发生率、病情程度和治疗转归.计数资料采用x2检验.结果 改良组患者吻合口瘘发生率为4.3％ (3/69),其中小肠吻合口瘘、小肠结肠吻合口瘘、结肠吻合口瘘各1例.对照组患者吻合口瘘发生率为12.5％ (8/64),其中十二指肠吻合口瘘1例、小肠吻合口瘘2例、小肠结肠吻合口瘘2例、结肠吻合口瘘3例.两组患者吻合口瘘发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.483,P＜0.05).改良组3例吻合口瘘患者最高体温＜38.2℃,平均WBC计数为8.4×109/L;体格检查无明显腹膜炎播散表现;吻合口区域腹腔引流管有少量浑浊样引流物,无明显肠内液引流物;腹部和盆腔CT检查示局部炎性包裹,吻合口周围少量的液气混杂密度影.对照组8例吻合口瘘患者最高体温＞38.5℃、平均WBC计数为14.4×109/L;体格检查具有明显的按压痛、反跳痛表现;腹腔引流管有肠内容物流出.改良组3例吻合口瘘患者经对症支持治疗痊愈.对照组8例吻合口瘘患者中,7例患者二次手术行清创引流,同时1例行空肠造瘘,3例行回肠造瘘;经过二次手术治疗后体温逐渐恢复正常、腹部疼痛症状消失;二次术后2个月后拔除空肠造瘘管,4个月后行回肠造瘘还纳术.1例患者因全身炎症反应、MODS死亡.结论 带蒂大网膜覆盖肠道吻合口周围,能有效降低吻合口瘘的发生率,并能减轻吻合口瘘所致的全身炎症反应.     

选择性经盲肠末端回肠置管造瘘术在保护结肠直肠高危吻合口的临床应用

目的:探讨经盲肠末端回肠置管造瘘术(transcecum tube ileostomy,TTI)在保护结肠直肠高危吻合口的临床效果。方法:将我院63例有结肠直肠高危吻合口瘘因素的病人分为TTI组(32例)和造瘘组(31例),TTI组行结肠直肠原发病灶常规手术切除一期吻合后附加TTI,造瘘组行结肠直肠原发病灶常规手术切除附加预防性末端回肠造瘘,观察两组病人术后造瘘引流量、术后吻合口相关并发症发生率和造瘘相关并发症发生率、附加手术时间、再手术率、造瘘维持时间及治疗费用等,进行统计分析。结果:TTI组和造瘘组病人造瘘平均引流量分别为(520±60)mL/d和(630±80)mL/d;吻合口相关并发症发生率分别为15.6%(5/32)和45.2%(14/31);造瘘相关并发症发生率分别为12.5%(4/32)和38.7%(12/31);附加手术时间分别为(25±12)min和(40±24)min;再手术率分别为0和67.7%(21/31);造瘘维持时间分别为(17.6±3.4)d和(117.0±22.5)d;治疗费用分别为(31 500±3600)元和(40 300±3900)元,两组均具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:附加TTI简单易行,转流肠内容物效果较好,对生活质量影响小,对结肠直肠高危吻合口有保护作用,且无需造瘘回纳,有一定的临床应用价值。     

急诊左半结肠切除Ⅰ期肠吻合口瘘的预防

为探讨预防急诊左半结肠切除Ⅰ期肠吻合瘘的措施。本组对26例急诊行左半结肠切除术的患者,术中排出小肠、结肠内的杂物,并用庆大霉素+生理盐水、0.2％甲硝唑液交替灌洗结肠,行Ⅰ期结肠—结肠或结肠—直肠吻合,并于结肠内置双腔管,由肛门引出行术后减压。结果提示:本法在预防急诊左半结肠切除Ⅰ期肠吻合口瘘方面有良好效果,避免了Ⅱ期手术。     

An 11-year experience of enterocutaneous fistula

BACKGROUND: Enterocutaneous fistula has traditionally been associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, related to fluid, electrolyte and metabolic disturbance, sepsis and malnutrition. METHODS: A retrospective review of enterocutaneous fistula in 277 consecutive patients treated over an 11-year period in a major tertiary referral centre was undertaken to evaluate current management practice and outcome. RESULTS: Most fistulas occurred secondary to abdominal surgery, and a high proportion (52.7 per cent) occurred in association with inflammatory bowel disease. A low rate of spontaneous healing was observed (19.9 per cent). The healing rate after definitive fistula surgery was 82.0 per cent, although more than one attempt was required to achieve surgical closure in some patients. Definitive fistula resection resulted in a mortality rate of 3.0 per cent. In addition, one patient died after laparotomy for intra-abdominal sepsis and an additional 24 patients died from complications of fistulation, giving an overall fistula-related mortality rate of 10.8 per cent. CONCLUSION: Early recognition and control of sepsis, management of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, meticulous wound care and nutritional support appear to reduce the mortality rate, and allow spontaneous fistula closure in some patients. Definitive surgical management is performed only after restitution of normal physiology, usually after at least 6 months.     

'Laparostomy': a technique for the management of intractable intra-abdominal sepsis

Following laparotomy for severe intra-abdominal sepsis, the abdominal cavity was left open to heal by granulation in 18 patients. In 14 patients, operation was required because of recurrent gastrointestinal perforation or anastomotic dehiscence. In three, the indication for this procedure was recurrent pancreatic abscess. Of the 17, 13 had previously undergone multiple operations which had failed to control sepsis. Laparostomy was performed as a primary procedure in only one case, a patient with fulminating pancreatitis requiring pancreatic necrosectomy. All patients received parenteral nutrition. The overall mortality was 28 per cent. However, there was only one death among the last 9 patients treated compared with 4 in the previous 9. The median sepsis score in the first 9 (19, range 10-26) was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from that in the subsequent 9 patients (17, range 8-21). Three of the four who had initially presented with severe acute pancreatitis died. No patient eviscerated and only 9 (50 per cent) required mechanical ventilation for a median duration of 5 days. The median time for wound healing was 10 weeks and 6 patients have subsequently undergone definitive surgery with satisfactory results. Laparostomy is a valuable technique in the management of severe, intractable intra-abdominal sepsis.     

Home total parenteral nutrition: An alternative to early surgery for complicated inflammatory bowel disease

This paper examines the safety and feasibility of providing short-term, in-home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for whom the alternative is prolonged hospitalization or early surgery. The records of all patients with IBD who were receiving temporary home TPN between June 1996 and July 2000 were reviewed. A quality-of-life phone interview was conducted at the time of review. Fifteen patients (11 men and 4 women) were identified whose average age was 35 years. The underlying diagnosis was Crohn’s disease in 10 and ulcerative colitis in five. The indications for home TPN were complex internal fistulas and resolving sepsis in two, postoperative septic complications (anastomotic leak/enterocutaneous fistula) in five, high-output proximal stomas in four, prolonged ileus/partial obstruction in three, and spontaneous enterocutaneous fistula in one. The average duration of home TPN was 75 days (range 7 to 240 days). Two patients (13%) failed home TPN (1 with uncontrolled sepsis; 1 with dehydration) and were readmitted to the hospital. Home TPN was discontinued in one patient whose enterocutaneous fistula failed to heal with nonoperative treatment. Home TPN was successful in 12 patients (80%): eight (53%) who underwent planned definitive surgery and four (27%) whose conditions resolved without surgery. Complications of home TPN were line sepsis and pulmonary aspergillosis in one patient. All patients preferred home TPN to further hospitalization and reported good or excellent quality of life at home. Home TPN is a safe alternative to prolonged hospitalization or early surgery in patients with complicated IBD. Presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Quebec City, Canada, September 2001.     

Operative strategy in the treatment of enterocutaneous fistulas

An overall plan for the management of patients with enterocutaneous fistulas is presented. It comprises 4 sequential but frequently overlapping stages which include control of the fistula output, drainage of sepsis, intravenous nutrition, and excision of the fistula if there is no spontaneous closure. When the fistula persists, radiological investigations usually reveal the cause, and definitive surgery is required. This is conducted 6–8 weeks after all signs of sepsis have gone and the patient has been restored to nutritional health. For fistulas of the distal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, the surgical procedure is a radical one involving complete dissection of the entire small intestine, resection of the segment of bowel involved, and primary anastomosis. Occasionally, especially when there has been abdominal irradiation, it is not possible to excise the diseased bowel, and bypass is preferred. Fistulas of the second part of the duodenum are treated by the serosal patch technique in which the jejunal wall is sutured directly to the opening of the fistula. Surgery is also often required early in the course of treatment when abscesses are drained and proximal diversion (with or without excision of the involved segment of bowel) may be required to control the fistula output. Definitive surgery at this stage frequently results in recurrence of the fistula and carries a high mortality rate.     

Management of fistulas in Crohn's disease

AIM: This study was conducted to clarify operative indications, surgical treatment, and postoperative complications of intra-abdominal fistulas in Crohn's disease. METHODS: Of 213 patients undergoing surgical treatment for Crohn's disease in our institution between 1972 and 2000, 55 patients (25.8%) found to have 81 intra-abdominal fistulas were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The most common indication for surgery was intestinal obstruction. A fistula represented a single indication for surgical treatment in 9 operations (15.5%). All patients with intra-abdominal fistulas underwent resection of the diseased intestinal segment. Closure of the fistulous defect of the affected lesion was achieved by suture (n = 27), stapled fistulectomy (n = 12), or resection (n = 11). Resection of the diseased bowel was achieved by en bloc removal of the fistula in 15 cases. When the fistula opened through the abdominal wall (n = 12), the diseased portion of the intestine was resected, and the fistulous tract was debrided. Only 1 patient died postoperatively from multiple organ failure because of anastomotic breakdown. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical treatment of an intra-abdominal fistula in Crohn's disease is based on resection of the diseased intestinal segments, and the affected lesion can be sutured. This procedure can be achieved safely, and the incidence of postoperative complications is low.     

Effect of the combination of fibrin glue and growth hormone on incomplete intestinal anastomoses in a rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis

BACKGROUND: The presence of established intra-abdominal sepsis has been considered a contraindication to primary anastomoses. Our hypothesis was that fibrin glue (FG), growth hormone (rhGH), and combination of them synergistically improve intestinal primary anastomotic healing in a rat model of intestinal fistulae with peritonitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats, induced intestinal fistulae with peritonitis after 24 h, were performed an enterectomy and intestinal anastomoses. Group A, rats (n = 60) had a complete anastomoses (end-to-end single layer anastomoses using 12 inverted interrupted 6-0 sutures) without peritonitis, group B, rats (n = 60) had a complete anastomoses after 24 h of peritonitis, group C rats had an incomplete anastomoses (four inverted interrupted sutures), groups D, E, F rats (n = 60) received FG, rhGH, or both of them, respectively. rhGH was given daily for 5 days. Anastomoses indicated the anastomotic bursting pressure (ABP), tensile strength, and hydroxyproline content, were determined. RESULTS: On POD 1, ABP of group C and group D was significantly lower than that of other groups (P < 0.01); On POD 3, ABP could not be determined because of intestinal dehiscence in groups C and E, ABP was significantly higher in groups D and F than that of groups A and B (P < 0.01); the ABP increased after 5 days of operation in groups A, B, and F. At the same time, that of group D decreased (P < 0.01). On POD 5, the tensile strength was significantly higher in groups A, D, and F than that in groups C, and E. On POD 5, hydroxyproline content was higher in groups D and F compared to that in group C (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that FG improve intestinal primary anastomotic healing within post-operative 5 days in a rat model of intestinal fistulae with peritonitis. RhGH alone fails to improve intestinal anastomotic healing, and the combination of FG and rhGH have no synergistic effect to improves intestinal anastomotic healing.     

Is mechanical bowel preparation necessary in patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgical outcome in patients with or with no bowel preparation before cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion, specifically assessing local and systemic complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients undergoing cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion between January 1991 and December 1999 were assessed retrospectively. Twenty-two receive no bowel preparation (group 1) and were compared with 64 who had (group 2). Patients had similar demographic characteristics, stage and grade of tumour. Patients in group 2 received a standard 4-day bowel preparation and group 1 received no lavage or enemas. All patients underwent a standard iliac and obturator lymph node dissection, and cystoprostatectomy or anterior exenteration and ileal conduit urinary diversion. All patients received intraoperative metronidazole and gentamicin intravenously, and two further doses after surgery. RESULTS: Deaths after surgery were comparable in the two groups (two in group 1 and four in group 2) and the incidence of wound infection was similar (three and seven, respectively). There were no significant differences between the respective groups for fistula and anastomotic dehiscence (two and six) or sepsis (three and six). Group 2 had a higher incidence of wound dehiscence (one) than in group 1 (none). The incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus was lower in group 1 (one vs 12), as was the length of hospital stay (31.6 days vs 22.8 days). CONCLUSIONS: Bowel preparation had no advantage for the surgical outcome but it increased the length of hospital stay.     

从围手术期外科之家角度审视复杂肠外瘘的手术治疗

复杂肠外瘘病人常经历2次以上腹部手术,且瘘发生后多有严重的腹腔感染,以及重要器官的功能损害.复杂肠外瘘手术常涉及全腹部多个脏器,剥离面大、手术应激反应重、手术时间长,且常对原有手术部位再次手术,更增加了手术的复杂性.因此,肠外瘘手术与一般腹部外科操作既有共性,又有其特殊性与复杂性.复杂肠外瘘的围手术期处理要求明显高于一...     

Enterocutaneous fistula: are treatments improving?

BACKGROUND: We studied the etiology, treatment, and outcome of enterocutaneous fistulas in 106 patients to evaluate our current practice and the impact of newer therapies-octreotide, wound vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), and fibrin glue-on clinical outcomes. Review of the literature and our own 1990 study indicate a mortality rate of 5% to 20% for enterocutaneous fistula, and a healing rate of 75% to 85% after definitive surgery. METHODS: We reviewed all cases of gastrointestinal-cutaneous fistula from 1997 to 2005 at 2 large teaching hospitals. We identified 106 patients with enterocutaneous fistula; patients with irritable bowel disease and anorectal fistulas were excluded. RESULTS: The origin of the fistula was the small bowel in 67 patients, colon in 26, stomach in 8, and duodenum in 5. The etiology of the fistula was previous operation in 81 patients, trauma in 15, hernia mesh erosion in 6, diverticulitis in 2, and radiation in 2. Of the 106 patients in the study, 31 had a high output fistula (greater than 200 mL/day), 44 had a low output fistula, and, in 31 patients, the fistula output was low but there was no record of volume. Initial treatment was nonoperative except for patients with an abscess who needed urgent drainage. In 24 patients, the effect of octreotide was monitored: in 8 patients, fistula output declined; in 16 patients, octreotide was of no benefit. Fibrin glue was used in 8 patients and was of benefit to 1. The wound VAC was used in 13 patients: 12 patients still required operative repair of the fistula, whereas the fistula was healed in 1 patient. The main benefit of the VAC system was improved wound care in all patients before definitive surgery. Total parenteral nutrition was used in most patients to provide nutritional support. Operative repair was performed in 77 patients and was successful in 69 (89%), failing in 6 patients with persistent cancer or infection. Nonoperative treatment was used in 29 patients and resulted in healing in 60%. Of 106 patients, 7 (7%) died of fistula complications. The cause of death was persistence or recurrence of cancer in 4 patients and persistent sepsis in 3. CONCLUSION: Enterocutaneous fistula continues to be a serious surgical problem. The wound VAC and fibrin glue had anecdotal successes (n = 2), and one-third of patients responded to octreotide. We believe that octreotide should be tried in most patients and that the wound VAC has a role in selected patients. Although 7% overall mortality is lower than in previous studies, the number managed without operation (27%) remains the same. In addition to early control of sepsis, nutritional support, and wound care, a well-timed operation was the most effective treatment.     

Course of enterovesical fistulas in Crohn's disease

Enterovesical fistulas occurred in 38 of 683 patients (5.6 percent) with Crohn's disease admitted to The Mount Sinai Hospital between 1960 and 1977. There were 22 ileovesical fistulas, 8 colovesical fistulas, and 8 fistulas of combined ileal and colonic origin. These cases fell into three different pathophysiologic categories: 16 patients presented with sepsis after a mean duration of 7 years of Crohn's disease, 19 presented without sepsis after a mean of 10 years of disease, and 3 elderly cancer patients presented with an average 25 years disease duration. Sepsis was usually due to deep pelvic or lower quadrant abscess with spontaneous rupture into the bladder. Nonseptic fistulization was a later, more gradual process, reflecting slow penetration into the bladder from a site of chronic cicatrizing bowel disease. Cancer was a very late complication, arising in each patient from an excluded loop. Although medical treatment was successful in delaying surgery in 6 patients and obviated surgery altogether in 2 patients, 36 of 38 patients (95 percent) eventually required operation. Postoperative mortality in this series was limited to two patients (5 percent) with preoperative intraabdominal abscess and sepsis. Five other deaths, unrelated to urinary complications, were caused by intestinal cancer in three patients and by intestinal complications of recurrent Crohn's disease in two patients. The urologic course of patients with enterovesical fistula was completely benign. All operated patients were cured of their enterovesical fistulas, and no urologic sequelae developed. Subsequent reoperations that were required in 45 percent of these patients were all for recurrent bowel disease and not for fistula or other urologic problems.