急诊室创伤患者创伤评分与并发症和救治的关系

目的 探讨急诊室用创伤评分（TS）在创伤患者快速救治中的价值。方法 采用TS对1826例创伤患者进入和离开急诊室时的创伤严重程度进行评估，同时实施影像等检查和救治。结果 TS分值定为1～16分。分值越低表示伤情越重。1826例创伤患者入急诊室时。TS分值10分以上占73．06％，10分以下（包括10分）占26．94％；离开急诊室时，TS分值10分以上占91．84％．TS分值10分以下（包括10分）占8．16％；两者比较差异均有显著性（P均〈0．001）。TS分值越低，在诊治过程中低血压、休克等严重并发症发生率越高。液体需要量与TS分值有明显相关性，TS分值越低，液体需要量越大。结论 TS使用简便快速，能较好地反映损伤严重程度和伤情，对急诊室医生及早掌握病情，尽快完成急诊接诊程序和救冶很有价值。     

酒精中毒并严重创伤相关性分析及救治探讨

目的:探讨酒精中毒合并严重创伤的特点、中毒与创伤程度的相关性及其救治特点。方法:回顾性分析本科3年间收治的酒精中毒并发严重创伤患者70例的临床资料。根据饮酒量将酒精中毒患者分为轻、中、重三组,创伤患者进行创伤记分(TS),对三组病人酒精中毒和创伤严重程度进行相关性分析、诊治结果进行分析比较,并对各种病因的创伤进行讨论。结果:酒精中毒合并创伤主要发生在年轻男性,其TS≤12分,其创伤严重性与酒精中毒程度呈负的直线相关(r=-0.8663),中度酒精中毒并严重创伤发病率高达49%,重度酒精中毒创伤者死亡率高达75%,三组死亡率差异明显,P<0.05。结论:根据TS分值对酒精中毒并创伤病人进行严重性评估,有较高的可靠性。轻、中度酒精中毒病人严重创伤发病率高,伤情诊断较容易,昏迷期病人死亡率高,要注意颅内损伤的存在,特别要注意迟发性颅内血肿的发生,酒精中毒和创伤要同时进行治疗。     

急诊严重创伤救治"一键通"模式的设计与应用

目的观察"一键通"模式在急诊创伤患者救治中的应用效果。方法将移动互联网"一键通"技术运用于急诊严重创伤救治领域,在急诊科红区抢救室设立"一键通"总站点,其他相对应科室设立分站点,实行"一对一""一对多"通讯模式进行沟通,分析"一键通"应用前后急诊严重创伤患者的抢救室确定治疗方案时间和抢救室滞留时间。结果应用"一键通"后,严重创伤患者在抢救室确定治疗方案时间由(50.15±7.12) min缩短至(32.09±5.78) min,滞留时间由(192.17±18.21) min缩短至(131.09±14.33) min。结论 "一键通"模式可有效缩短严重创伤患者确定治疗方案时间及抢救室滞留时间。     

早期机械通气在重症创伤救治中的应用66例分析

重症创伤往往伴有休克、严重的颅脑或胸部损伤,引起严重的低氧血症,使得伤情熏,病死率高。为改善组织氧供,我科从2008—03—2010—03对急诊创伤外科救治的66例重症创伤患者早期应用机械通气,现予以总结如下。     

重型颅脑损伤伴休克的急诊救治探讨

重型颅脑损伤伴休克常见于颅脑外伤合并严重多发创伤患者,因其伤情复杂,病情危重,病死率高达70%左右,早期明确诊断和急诊的有效处置为成功救治赢得了时间和创造了条件.现将本院1995年10月至2002年10月收治的42例重型颅脑损伤伴休克患者急诊救治分析如下.     

创伤失血性休克87例急救体会

目的：提高创伤与失血性休克的急救水平。方法：利用创伤评估系统对87例患者进行伤情评估,根据受伤严重程度给予及时的院前及入院后救治。结果：本组87例中治愈83例,死亡4例,均为车祸现场距离医院太远,抢救不及时所致。结论：充分利用创伤评估系统及时评估,重视＂黄金1 h＂及＂白金10 m in＂及合理的液体复苏可以提高对患者的急救水平。     

基于“5G+医疗”的武威市区域创伤中心救治体系建设在急诊创伤中的应用价值

目的：探究基于“5G+医疗”的武威市区域创伤中心救治体系建设及其在急诊创伤中的应用价值。方法：收集甘肃省武威肿瘤医院2023年1月-2023年6月接诊的急诊创伤患者180例为研究对象。按照“5G+医疗”救治体系实施的前后进行分组,分为2023年1月-2023年3月常规救治的对照组82例以及2023年3月-2023年6月实施“5G+医疗”救治体系的观察组98例。对照组予常规救治。观察组予“5G+医疗”创伤救治。比较两组医师到达时间、CT检查时间、抢救室滞留时间、抢救成功率、损伤严重程度评分（ISS）评分、不良事件总发生率。结果：观察组医师到达时间、CT检查时间、抢救室滞留时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组抢救成功率明显高于对照组（98.98%vs 91.46%,P<0.05）。干预后两组ISS评分均降低,且观察组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组不良事件总发生率明显低于对照组（3.06%vs 10.98%,P<0.05）。结论：基于“5G+医疗”的武威市区域创伤中心救治体系能够缩短创伤患者救治时间,提升抢救成功率,减轻损伤程度,降低不良事件的发生风险。     

90例创伤患者临床急救护理

通过对90例创伤患者经过快速接诊、评估,保持呼吸道通畅,维持有效循环,严密监测重要脏器功能变化,及时协调各科室工作及控制出血,抢救成功率达96.7%,圆满完成抢救工作任务.认为有效的急救护理可提高严重创伤惠者的救治率,保证抢救工作顺利进行.     

急诊严重创伤133例救治的临床分析

目前,在我国每年死于各类创伤的总人数已达70万,在人口死因构成中占第四位,而严重创伤则是人们日常生活中最主要的杀手之一。如何提高严重创伤特别是多发伤患者的救治成功率已成为医院急诊外科研究的一个迫切课题。我们回顾性分析了急诊救治的严重创伤病例资料,并进行临床分析。1资料与方法1.1临床资料病例来源于2001-01~2006-01我院急诊科接诊的2356例创伤病例,其中严重创伤133例(占同期创伤抢救人数的5.6%)。在133例严重创伤患者中,男性86例,女性47例,年龄6~77岁,17岁以下12例(9.2%),18~30岁69例(51%),31~45岁23例(18%),46~59岁16例(12%),…     

严重创伤患者流行病学特征及预后影响因素分析

目的:探讨院前急救中严重创伤患者人口学资料及预后与病情、现场救治措施的相关性,为严重创伤救治提供理论依据。方法:回顾性研究2010年1月-2013年6月福建省急救中心院前急救的785例严重创伤患者的临床资料。结果:车祸患者构成比66.7%、死亡构成比64.9%;车祸伤患者发病集中于18:00-0:00,高处坠落伤集中于10:00-12:00和16:00-18:00;爆炸伤发病集中于10:00-18:00;其他类型集中于6:00-0:00。年龄、休克指数分值、GCS分值、ISS分值是死亡的保护性因素;现场包扎固定、气管插管、补液、吸氧是其危险性因素。结论:不同类型严重创伤的发病时间有差异,预后与现场救治措施密切相关,并受年龄、病情严重程度影响。     

急诊绿色通道在分检地震伤员中的作用

目的分析“5·12”汶川特大地震后不同时段地震伤员在我院急诊科停留时间,探讨急诊绿色通道在分检地震伤员中的作用,为救治特大灾害伤员积累经验。方法回顾性分析2008年5月12日14时28分至5月15日14时27分汶川地震伤员在四川大学华西医院急诊科救治停留的时间,并分为震后24h内、震后24～48h和48-72h三个时段进行比较。结果震后72h内我院收治伤员536例,其中24h内收治伤员207例,伤员在急诊科平均停留时间为129min;24—48h收治伤员104例,伤员在急诊科平均停留时间97min;48～72h内收治伤员226例,伤员在急诊科平均停留时间为86min。第一个24h与第二个24h和第三个24h比较,地震伤员在急诊科的停留时间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但第二个24h和第三个24h比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,表明建立建全急诊绿色通道,对加快应急状态下伤员救治处理有重要意义。结论应根据实际情况,及时更新绿色通道,使地震伤员在急诊科的停留时间不断缩短,保证伤员尽快得到专科处理,为抢救危重伤员赢得宝贵时间。     

Do trauma teams make a difference? : A single centre registry study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between trauma team activation according to well-established protocols and patient survival. METHODS: Single centre, registry study of data collected prospectively from trauma patients (who were treated in a trauma resuscitation room, who died or who were admitted to ICU) of a tertiary referral trauma centre Emergency Department (ED) in Hong Kong. A 10-point protocol was used to activate rapid trauma team response to the ED. The main outcome measures were mortality, need for ICU care, or operation within 6h of injury. RESULTS: Between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2005, 2539 consecutive trauma patients were included in our trauma registry, of which 674 patients (mean age 43 years, S.D. 22; 71% male; 94% blunt trauma) met trauma call criteria. Four hundred and eighty two (72%) correctly triggered a trauma call, and 192 (28%) were not called ('undercall'). Patients were less likely to have a trauma call despite meeting criteria if they were aged over 64 years, had sustained a fall, had a respiratory rate <10 or >29 per minute, a systolic blood pressure between 60 and 89 mm Hg, or a GCS of 9-13. In a sub-group of moderately poor probability of survival (probability of survival, P(s), 0.5-0.75), the odds ratio for mortality in the undercall group compared with the trauma call group was 7.6 (95% CI, 1.1-33.0). CONCLUSIONS: In our institution, undercalls account for 28% of patients who meet trauma call criteria and in patients with moderately poor probability of survival undercall is associated with decreased survival. Although trauma team activation does not guarantee better survival, better compliance with trauma team activation protocols optimises processes of care and may translate into improved survival.     

Immediate prediction of blood requirements in trauma victims

Current recommendations for the management of trauma victims include immediate crossmatching of 4 to 6 units of blood. Unused crossmatched blood is withdrawn from the available blood pool for 48 hours and costs the patient $33 per unit. Growing blood shortages and increasing laboratory costs demand reexamination of this practice. The purpose of this study was to examine blood usage in trauma victims and to develop new guidelines for emergency room requests for blood. The following clinical variables were reviewed in 250 trauma victims to determine their value as predictors of blood usage: age, sex, mechanism of injury, initial vital signs, trauma score (TS), and injury severity score (ISS). The best predictor of blood use was the trauma score. Of the total group, 71% had a TS greater than 14; 91% of these patients did not require transfusion. Twenty-eight percent of the total group had a TS equal to or less than 14; 70% of these patients did require transfusion. The data strongly suggest that type and screen can safely replace type and crossmatch as the initial blood bank requests in patients with trauma scores greater than 14. Blood requirements in patients with a trauma score less than or equal to 14 continue to warrant immediate crossmatching.     

Factors contributing to paramedic onscene time during evaluation and management of blunt trauma

Prehospital patient management decisions are complex because the traumatized patient population is heterogeneous with respect to demographics, mechanism of injury, physiological response to injury, and time from injury to medical care. One hundred and nine blunt trauma patient evaluations by paramedics in a county-wide semirural emergency medical services (EMS) system were analyzed to determine paramedic time on the scene and the factors that might influence onscene time. Onscene time linearly correlated with a prolonged transport time. Hemodynamic and respiratory dysfunction were also associated with increased onscene time. Mean onscene time was not significantly different between high (greater than 13) and low (less than or equal to 13) trauma score (TS) groups, although patients with low TS did receive more interventions (more intravenous lines, more frequent intubation, and more frequent pneumatic antishock garment use). Similar results were found when high (greater than 10) and low (less than or equal to 10) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) groups were compared. The correlation of emergency department TS with initial prehospital TS and onscene time demonstrated a small improvement in TS with increasing onscene time for the patient with an initial TS greater than or equal to 13. However, patient groups with either a low TS or a low GCS score showed no significant improvement in TS with increasing onscene time. Without a strict management algorithm, paramedics use a variety of cues to guide their actions during the onscene management of blunt trauma. Future studies should address the impact of strict management algorithms on onscene time and ultimate patient outcome.     

休克指数及CRAMS创伤评分法在腹部闭合伤早期抗休克治疗中的效果研究

目的 验证休克指数及CRAMS创伤评分法的应用在腹部闭合伤患者早期抗休克治疗中效果的研究。方法 (1) 将45例腹部闭合伤患者按随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组,两组均接受腹部闭合伤抗休克常规治疗,干预组按照干预策略既定的方案进行抗休克指数的监测及CRAMS创伤评分法查看两组之间的存活率是否存在统计学差异。（2）回顾45例腹部闭合伤病例,将其分为腹腔出血组和腹腔无出血组,探讨休克指数,CRAMS创伤评分法诊断出血的灵敏度。 结果 (1) 干预组与对照组相比,在腹腔脏器闭合性损伤时把休克指数与CRAMS创伤评分法相结合,与单纯的依靠收缩压和心率相比,在统计学上无明显差异。（2）通过对45例病例2个指标的灵敏度分析,监测休克指数与CRAMS创伤评分法对于判断腹腔内出血的灵敏度高于监测心率和收缩压。 结论 据试验结果我们可以推断：结合休克指数与CRAMS创伤评分法在腹部闭合伤患者抗休克的治疗中较单纯依靠心率和收缩压更具有临床意义。在急诊科,我们可以增加对于腹部闭合伤患者抗休克治疗时的休克指数与CRAMS创伤评分法的监测,可提高对于腹部闭合伤患者的病情判断、指导抢救及预后。     

广州市中心城区院前创伤急救流行病学分析

目的 分析广州市中心城区创伤院前急救的流行病学,探讨其特点及趋势。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法,收集1996年1月至2004年12月广州市中心城区“120”呼叫资料及院前创伤资料并进行分析。结果 院前急救逐年增加的同时（9年间增加了3．56倍）,创伤病例增加更明显（增加了7．88倍）,构成比由最初的17．16％增至37．98％,创伤以颅脑创伤所占比例最大（6．86％）。创伤患者年龄及死亡年龄主要集中在21～40岁,分别占57．20％和62．04％,70岁以上年龄段创伤出现第2个小高峰,占8．09％。男性是女性患者的2倍以上。结论 广州创伤伤亡人数逐年上升,创伤增加更明显,是院前急救的主要原因,其中以颅脑创伤占第一位,青壮年为主。需采取有效防治措施减少创伤事故的发生,同时,提高院前急救人员的抢救水平和快速反应能力。     

Sensitivity and specificity of trauma team activation protocol criteria in an Italian trauma center: A retrospective observational study

BackgroundThe trauma team (TT) model could reduce mortality, morbidity, and duration of hospital stay, costs, and complications. To avoid over- or undertriage for trauma team activation, robust criteria have to be chosen.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a TT activation protocol for major trauma patients to predict the need for emergency treatment.MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out in the Emergency Department (ED) of a major Italian trauma center. Patients with trauma or burns who accessed the ED in 2015 with a triage red or yellow priority treatment code were included, while pediatric patients were excluded. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values were calculated for each TT activation criteria and the aggregated criteria.ResultsData from 240 patients were collected: 40.42% of patients had a congruent triage while 50% were overtriaged and 9.58% undertriaged. A correct triage led to a lower hospital stay (p < 0.01), while undertriage was not associated with patients’ death (p = 0.16). All criteria had a specificity higher than 95%, a total sensitivity of 80.83% and a total positive predictive value of 43.49%.ConclusionThis study highlighted that the TT activation criteria had high specificity and sensitivity, while the positive predictive value of the criteria was lower. Mechanisms of injury criteria were less specific and sensitive in detecting the TT activation correctly. As nurses play a pivotal role in the triage of traumatized patients and the TT, reduction of under- and overtriage is essential to improve the patients’ health outcome.     

重型颅脑外伤患者急诊抢救护理体会

目的:总结重型颅脑外伤患者,急诊抢救护理经验。方法:对92例重型颅脑损伤患者进行抢救,围绕“急”、“快”、“准”、“细”实施相应护理措施。结果:92例中抢救成功84例,抢救成功率为91%。结论:迅速对病情作出判断,快速准确地降低颅内压、吸氧、吸痰、气管内插管、包扎伤口止血,细心、严密观察患者的意识、瞳孔和生命体征的变化及病情发展趋势,做好紧急手术的术前准备,能为抢救患者生命赢得时间。     

急诊创伤患者死亡的相关因素与救治对策分析

目的探究影响急诊创伤患者死亡的相关因素,并分析其救治对策。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月于我院接受急救但无效死亡的46例急诊创伤患者(死亡组)和同期抢救成功的178例急诊创伤患者(存活组)的临床资料。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归方程分析两组患者的年龄、性别等相关因素,评估影响急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素,并通过总结患者的死因,分析其临床救治对策。结果经单因素分析,两组年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、就诊时间、损伤部位、机械通气情况有显著差异(P<0.05);而两组的性别、致伤原因、损伤数量、抢救措施比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、损伤部位、机械通气均属于急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。46例死亡患者中,中枢性呼吸循环衰竭25例(54.35%),多器官功能衰竭12例(26.09%),失血性休克7例(15.22%),其他2例(4.35%)。结论年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、损伤部位、机械通气均属于急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素,临床应引起重视,提高抢救质量。