大巴山区汉中参叶挥发油化学成分和抗菌活性研究

从大巴山区的新鲜汉中参叶中利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,采用GC/MS联用技术首次对其挥发油组分进行分离和分析,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。从汉中参叶挥发油中共检出了75种组分,确定出73种化合物,其主要组分是β-荜茄澄烯(21.39%)、棕榈酸(17.19%)、植醇(5.50%)、菲(5.05%)、降姥鲛-2-酮(4.22%)、α-亚麻酸(octadecatrienoic acid,3.35%)等。对汉中参叶挥发油进行了抗菌试验,结果表明汉中参叶挥发油对试验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用,特别是对金黄色葡萄球菌CMCC26112株和白色假丝酵母菌CMCC850216株的抗菌活性表现得更为显著。     

抱茎蓼花的挥发油成分及其抗菌活性的研究

目的 提取野生抱茎蓼花中的挥发油,分析挥发油的组分,探讨其生物活性,为开发这一资源提供理论依据.方法 用水蒸气蒸馏法从抱茎蓼的花中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油组分进行分离和鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量,并利用正构烷烃系列物质对各组分进行定性确定,对抱茎蓼花的挥发油进行抗菌实验.结果 从抱茎蓼花的挥发油中检出69个组分,鉴定出66个组分,占全油的96.92%;抱茎蓼花的挥发油有明显地抗菌活性.结论 抱茎蓼花的挥发油中主要以单萜和倍半萜为主,含量较高的组分是石竹烯(12.01%)、3-己烯-1-醇(10.78%)、α-里哪醇(6.88%)、3-辛烯-3-醇(6.32%)等,其挥发油对大肠埃希菌、伤寒沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显地抑制和灭活作用.     

苍术挥发油化学成分及其抗菌活性的研究

目的研究苍术挥发油的化学成分及抗菌活性。方法运用水蒸气蒸馏法从苍术根茎中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其挥发油组分进行分离和鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量;对苍术的挥发油做了抗菌试验。结果苍术的挥发油中主要成分为β-胺叶油醇(24%)、二苯基-4-甲醛(18%)、β-胺叶烯、α-胺叶油醇和茅术醇等。其挥发油对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞等病原菌有显著地抑制和灭活作用。结论实验结果为综合开发利用苍术医药资源提供了理论依据。     

簕欓花椒叶挥发油的GC-MS分析及抗菌抗肿瘤活性研究

目的:研究簕欓花椒(Zanthoxylum avicennae)叶挥发油的化学成分及其抗菌和抗肿瘤活性。方法:用水蒸气蒸馏法从簕欓花椒叶中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油成分进行分析。结果:从挥发油中鉴定出72种物质,占总成分的98.15%,含量较高的组分为芳樟醇(24.36%)、β-榄香烯(12.03%)、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇(11.73%)、石竹烯氧化物(10.84%)等。簕欓花椒叶挥发油对实验菌株均具有一定的抗菌活性;对四种肿瘤细胞株都具有一定的抑制活性,其中对白血病细胞K-562的抑制活性最强,IC50值为1.76μg/mL。结论:簕欓花椒挥发油具有多种活性成分,为进一步研究其药理作用提供了科学依据。     

秦巴山区5种花挥发性物质抗氧化和抗菌活性研究

目的:提取含笑花、紫玉兰花、栀子花、藿香花以及蔷薇花中的挥发性物质,探讨这5种花挥发性物质的抗氧化活性和抗菌活性为其开发利用可提供科学依据。方法:用水蒸气蒸馏法从含笑花、紫玉兰花、栀子花、藿香花以及蔷薇花中分别提取挥发性物质,测定其对羟基自由基的清除作用来确定抗氧化活性效果,测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)来确定这5种花挥发性物质的抗菌活性。结果:5种花的挥发性物质均有明显的抗氧化活性,这5种花的挥发性物质均具有显著地抗菌活性。结论:这5种花的挥发性物质抗氧化活性大小依次为含笑花﹥藿香花﹥紫玉兰花﹥栀子花﹥蔷薇花;抗菌活性大小依次为藿香花﹥紫玉兰花﹥蔷薇花﹥栀子花﹥含笑花。     

忍冬果实挥发油的化学成分分析及其体外抗氧化活性

目的分析忍冬果实挥发油的化学成分,测定其体外抗氧化活性。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取忍冬果实挥发油;利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析挥发油的化学成分;以ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除作用为指标评价25%挥发油的体外抗氧化活性。结果从忍冬果实挥发油中共鉴定了53种组分,占挥发油总量的80.85%,主要成分为棕榈酸、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、亚油酸、芳樟醇、反式-橙花叔醇等。而且25%挥发油对ABTS、DPPH自由基具有较好的清除作用。结论忍冬果实挥发油以酸类、萜类、醇类为主,具有较好的体外抗氧化活性。     

土荆芥果实挥发油GC-MS分析及其生物活性研究

目的:研究土荆芥果实挥发油的化学成分、抗菌活性和对HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析土荆芥果实挥发油的化学成分,同时采用连续二倍梯度液体稀释法和转染法测定其抗菌活性,MTT法观察土荆芥果实挥发油对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用.结果:从土荆芥果实挥发油中共鉴定出21种成分,主要为3-异丙基-6-甲基-7-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚-2-酮(66.93％),1-甲基-4-(1-甲基已烯基)环已烯(15.67％)及邻甲基异丙苯(12.96％);土荆芥果实挥发油对白色链株菌、表皮葡萄球菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌和变形杆菌有良好的抗菌活性;对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖有很强的抑制作用(P＜0.01),孵育48,72 h后的IC50分别为0.0341,0.069mg·L-1.结论:荆芥果实挥发油主要成分为单萜类,具有良好的抗菌作用及抑制HepG2细胞增殖作用.     

一年蓬挥发油的气相色谱-质谱分析及体外抑菌活性研究

目的 对一年蓬中挥发油成分进行气相色谱-质谱联用分析,并进行初步的体外抗菌活性研究.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用方法对其进行成分鉴定,同时用面积归一法测定其含量.以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为代表菌种,对一年蓬挥发油进行抗菌活性研究.结果 共鉴定出29个化合物,占挥发油总量的85.99%,主要成分有:烯烃类,如β-莰烯、β-广藿香烯、β-蒎烯等;芳香醇、酮、醛、酚类化合物,如a-松油醇、顺茉莉酮、安息香醛、百里酚等.体外抑菌活性表明,一年蓬挥发油对两种试验菌种有明显的抑制作用.结论 该实验为进一步开发利用一年蓬资源提供了重要的科学依据.     

不同产地姜黄挥发油的化学成分及其抗氧化活性

目的对不同产地姜黄挥发油成分及其抗氧化活性进行比较。方法气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法对挥发油化学成分进行分析,DPPH法对其抗氧化活性进行测试。结果四川、海南、泰国和越南产的姜黄挥发油中分别鉴定出31、33、26和25种化学成分,分别占总含有量的74.215%、66.618%、64.055%和66.748%。其中,共有成分11个,主要包括芳姜黄酮、α-姜黄酮、芳姜黄烯、姜烯、β-倍半水芹烯、β-红没药烯、(+)-α-大西洋(萜)酮等。而且,4个产地的姜黄挥发油均表现出一定的抗氧化活性,依次为海南四川泰国越南。结论不同产地姜黄挥发油的化学成分和抗氧化活性均有显著差异。     

斜叶黄檀香材挥发油成分及抗氧化活性研究

目的测定斜叶黄檀香材挥发油含量,鉴定挥发油组分,并评价其抗氧化能力。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取斜叶黄檀香材挥发油,并应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析其组分,峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。利用清除DPPH自由基、过氧化氢及还原力测定斜叶黄檀香材挥发油抗氧化活性。结果斜叶黄檀香材挥发油含量为(13.1±1.2)mL·kg~(-1),挥发油中共分离鉴定出33个组分,主要为榄香素(89.74%)、甲基丁香酚(2.67%)及去氢白菖烯(2.12%)等。斜叶黄檀香材挥发油对DPPH自由基及过氧化氢自由基均表现出较强的清除作用,其清除能力与挥发油呈良好的量效关系。结论榄香素为斜叶黄檀香材挥发油的主要成分,斜叶黄檀香材总挥发油有良好的抗氧化活性。     

Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis.

Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant sources. It is a popular folk medicine possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities. It has also been used as a health drink in various Asian, European and American countries. Several groups of researchers have focused their attention on the biological activity of propolis and its active principles. Many scientific articles are published every year in different international journals related to the pharmacological properties of propolis. This review article compiles recent findings (since 1995) on the pharmacological properties of propolis focusing on its antihepatotoxic, antitumour, antioxidative, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory properties. The possible mechanism of action of propolis as well as the active compounds are discussed.     

天然桃叶珊瑚苷及其衍生物的化学结构和药理作用研究进展

桃叶珊瑚苷在植物界中分布广泛,是玄参、杜仲、车前草等常用中药的有效成分之一,其药理作用也受到越来越多地关注,然而,桃叶珊瑚苷衍生物则鲜有报道。对桃叶珊瑚苷衍生物的结构类型(主要包括6-O取代型、10-O取代型、6,10-O双取代型、6′-O取代类型和其他类型)及近10年桃叶珊瑚苷及其衍生物的抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、神经保护、抗肿瘤等药理活性进行综述。     

中药——天然生物活性寡肽之库

寡肽作为生物医药的重要组成部分,其组成简单、安全指数高,但受限于寡肽药物设计理论和发现途径远远小于其他结构类型药物,使得新型生物活性寡肽的获得成为该领域研究的热点和难点。中药作为天然的寡肽库,含有大量的活性寡肽。其中中药寡肽具有神经保护、保肝、抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗氧化、增强免疫力等生物活性。重点对近10年来国内外学者从中药中发现的活性寡肽的序列、生物活性进行综述,并探索活性寡肽与中药分类之间的关联,初步提示补虚、活血化瘀等类中药作为天然寡肽源头成果多、易成功,为活性寡肽新药的开发提供方向和思路。     

Antifertility activity of Artemisia vulgaris leaves on female Wistar rats

AIM： To evaluate the antifertility activity of Artemisia vulgar＆ leaves on female Wistar rats. METHOD： The plant extract was tested for its effect on implant formation at two dose levels, 300 and 600 mg.kg 1, respectively. The effective methanolic plant extract was further studied for estrogenic potency on ovariectomised immature female Wistar rats. RESULTS： The data presented in this study demonstrate the antifertility potential of Artemisia vulgar＆ methanolic leaf extract, which shows a strong and significant decrease in implant formation （100%）, and a strong estrogenic effect resulting in a significant increase in uterine weight in immature ovariectomised rats. These observations suggest that the methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves has strong anti-implantation activity and estrogenic activity. CONCLUSION： The methanolic plant extract ofA. vulgaris has antifertility activity.     

Biological effects of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) extract

The chloroform extract of nutmeg has been evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic and antithrombotic activities in rodents. The extract inhibited the carrageenan‐induced rat paw oedema, produced a reduction in writhings induced by acetic acid in mice and offered protection against thrombosis induced by ADP/adrenaline mixture in mice. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The antiinflammatory, gastroprotective and antioxidant activities of Hieracium gymnocephalum extract

The present study investigated the antiinflammatory, gastroprotective and antioxidant activities of a CH(2)Cl(2) extract of western Balkan endemic Hieracium gymnocephalum Griseb. ex Pant. (Compositae). The carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test was used as an experimental model for screening the antiinflammatory activity. The extract was administrated p.o. in doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to rats and its effects compared with indomethacin, used p.o. as a reference drug. The results showed that the investigated extract reduced the oedema in a concentration-dependent manner. The obtained antiinflammatory effect was 5.9%, 11.7%, 31.2% and 44.1% at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, being statistically significant at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Indomethacin had a strong antiinflammatory effect of 73.4% at a dose of 8 mg/kg, but caused large gastric lesions. When the plant extract in the highest tested dose (200 mg/kg) was concomitantly given with indomethacin, the antiinflammatory effect was slightly enhanced, but the gastric lesions were significantly reduced. The antioxidant activity of the H. gymnocephalum extract, investigated using DPPH radical assay, OH-radical assay and TBA-test, was not substantial.     

天然多环多异戊烯基间苯三酚衍生物研究进展

多环多异戊烯基间苯三酚衍生物(polycyclic polyprenylated acylphoroglucinols,PPAPs)为藤黄科植物的主要活性成分,其结构新颖,且具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁等多种生物活性,是目前天然产物研究的热点之一。对近年来从植物中分离得到的226个天然多环多异戊烯基间苯三酚衍生物化学结构、生物活性等方面的研究概况进行综述,以期为该类化合物的进一步研究提供参考。     

兰科植物生物碱类化学成分及药理活性研究进展

生物碱类化学成分结构复杂、种类繁多,广泛存在于兰科各属植物中,且大多具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血糖、细胞毒性等生物活性。系统综述了兰科生物碱类化学成分的植物分布、种类结构及药理作用,为兰科植物中生物碱类成分的结构类型、结构解析及生物活性的深入研究提供理论参考。     

Biological activities of synthetic saponins and cardiac glycosides

Comparisons of the biological activities of diosgenyl (DIO) beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1 --> 2)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (2DXalpha) and beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3GLbeta) or methyl glycyrrhetinate (GAM) 2DXalpha and 3GLbeta with those of the other DIO- or GAM- glycosides confirmed our assumption that both haemolytic and antifungal activities of DIO-glycosides (steroid saponins) generally parallel each other, while almost all haemolytic GAM-glycosides (triterpenoid saponins) have no antifungal activity. By comparisons of digitoxigenyl (DIG) 2DXalpha, beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2DXbeta) and 3GLbeta with the other DIG-glycosides, the previous supposition on DIG-diglycosides (cardiac diglycosides) has been developed into the assumption that those having a (1 --> 4), (1 --> 3) or (1 --> 2)beta sugar linkage show stronger anti-ATPase and antiviral activities than those with a (1 --> 6) or (1 --> 2)alpha linkage.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.)

In this study, water extract of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) (WEN) was studied for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic properties. The antioxidant properties of WEN were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities. WEN had powerful antioxidant activity. The 50, 100 and 250 μg amounts of WEN showed 39, 66 and 98% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively, while 60 μg/ml of -tocopherol, exhibited only 30% inhibition. Moreover, WEN had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities at the same concentrations. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), quercetin, and -tocopherol. In addition, total phenolic compounds in the WEN were determined as pyrocatechol equivalent. WEN also showed antimicrobial activity against nine microorganisms, antiulcer activity against ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis and analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced stretching.