下颌下腺切除对大鼠胃粘膜影响的组织学和组织化学观察

用组织学和组织化学方法，观察了下颌下腺切除对大鼠胃粘膜结构和代谢活动的影响。结果显示，下颌下腺切除术后１０ｄ，胃体和胃窦粘膜均明显薄对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）（分别减少１６．６３％和１９．７７％）；壁细胞数量无明显变化，术手１０－２８ｄ，胃粘膜酸性粘液物质有所减少。术后４－２８ｄ，胃粘膜表面粘液细胞和腺上皮细胞Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ染色均减弱，术后２－１０ｄ，壁细胞内ＳＤＨ活性增强，至术后２１ｄ恢复正常。术后     

下颔下腺切除对大鼠胃粘膜影响的组织学和组织化学观察

用组织学和组织化学方法，观察了下颌下腺切除对大鼠胃粘膜结构和代谢活动的影响。结果显示，下颌下腺切除术后１０ｄ，胃体和胃窦粘膜均明显薄于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）（分别减少１６．６３％和１９．７７％）；壁细胞数量无明显变化。术后１０～２８ｄ，胃粘膜酸性粘液物质有所减少。术后４～２８ｄ，胃粘膜表面粘液细胞和膝上皮细胞Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ染色均减弱。术后２～１０ｄ，壁细胞内ＳＤＨ活性增强，至术后２１ｄ恢复正常。术后２ｄ，胃粘膜毛细血管内皮细胞Ｍｇ＋＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性略增强；术后１０～２８ｄ，活性略减弱。胃粘膜表面粘液细胞和晚上皮细胞ＡｃＰ活性在术后４～２１ｄ增强，术后２８ｄ恢复正常。本实验结果提示，下颌下腺的某些生物活性物质是维持胃粘膜正常结构和代谢活动的必需因素，其中表皮生长因子或许更为重要。宁夏医学院组织学胚胎学教研室     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中胃窦粘膜5—HT免疫反应细胞变化的定…

用成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠１０２只，分为实验性胃溃疡组、盐水对照组和正常对照组。在溃疡４、６、１０、１４、２１及２８ｄ分批死取材，用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法显示胃窦粘膜的５－ＨＴ细胞。在光镜下观察胃溃疡自愈过程中，５－ＨＴ阳性细胞的形态和数量变化。结果表明，溃疡组５－ＨＴ细胞数密度在溃疡４～２８ｄ时明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；盐水组在第４ｄ时亦出现增高趋势（Ｐ＜０．０１），但第６ｄ后基本恢复正常。     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞的形态变化

用半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色方法，观察大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中颌下腺颗粒曲管（ＧＣＴ）细胞的变化。ＧＣＴ细胞可分为三种类型：宽暗颗粒细胞、亮颗粒细胞和狭窄玩颗粒细胞。溃疡术后４天，宽暗颗粒细胞和颗粒明显减少；术后１０天，宽暗颗粒细胞和颗粒略增多；术后１４－２１，宽暗颗粒细胞和颗粒均明显增多，颗粒更加粗大，含颗粒少的细胞向含颗粒多的细胞过度明显，这些变化尤以术后１４天更明显；至术后２８天，各项变化趋于恢     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中胰岛A细胞变化的超微结构研究

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中胰岛Ａ细胞变化的超微结构研究（北京医科大学组织学与胚胎学系，北京１０００８３黄岩，石爱荣）成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠１２只，随机分为两组，正常对照组（３只）和溃疡组（９只），后者又分溃疡后６ｄ、１４ｄ和２８ｄ３个时间点。常规电...     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中胃窦粘膜5－HT免疫反应细胞变化的定量研究

用成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠１０２只，分为实验性胃溃疡组、盐水对照组和正常对照组。在溃疡４、６、１０、１４、２１及２８ｄ分批处死取材，用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法显示胃窦粘膜的５－ＨＴ细胞。在光镜下观察胃溃疡自愈过程中，５－ＨＴ阳性细胞的形态和数量变化。结果表明，溃疡组５－ＨＴ细胞数密度在溃疡４～２８ｄ时明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；盐水组在第４ｄ时亦出现增高趋势（Ｐ＜０．０ｌ），但第６ｄ后基本恢复正常。与盐水组比较，溃疡组５－ＨＴ细胞的数密度在各时间点明显高于盐水组（Ｐ＜０．０ｌ）。因而提示：胃窦粘膜５－ＨＴ细胞参于了大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中的调节作用。     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间胰岛A细胞的结构和功能变化

目的　探讨胰岛Ａ细胞参与溃疡自愈调节的可能途径。　方法　应用形态计量、放射免疫测定及透射电镜方法，研究大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间胰岛Ａ细胞的面数密度、超微结构及血清胰高血糖素的变化。　结果　与正常组及盐水组比较，Ａ细胞面数密度于溃疡后６ｄ、１０ｄ 明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。溃疡后１４ｄ 开始呈减小趋势，２８ｄ 基本恢复正常。Ａ细胞超微结构变化在溃疡后第６～１４ｄ 较明显，主要表现为：（１）细胞核增大，异染色质减少，核周隙扩张；（２）部分Ａ 细胞粗面内质网增多，有的呈板层状排列，有的扩张成囊泡；（３）部分Ａ 细胞内分泌颗粒增多，大小不等，密度不一。血浆胰高血糖素水平从溃疡后１４ｄ 到２１ｄ 呈增高趋势（Ｐ＜ ０．０１），２８ｄ 时接近正常。　结论　胰岛Ａ细胞的形态和功能变化表明，它通过增加其细胞数目及增强其合成与分泌胰高血糖素的功能，积极参与了胃溃疡自愈的调节过程。     

荧光定量RT-PCR检测去下颌下腺大鼠睾丸annexin 5 mRNA和Bax mRNA的表达

目的 观察下颌下腺切除对大鼠睾丸膜联蛋白5(annexin 5)和Bax mRNA表达的影响.方法 切除大鼠下颌下腺.分别于术后14d、28d和42d处死大鼠,提取睾丸总RNA,反转录,设计特异性引物和Taqman探针.荧光定量RT-PCR检测annexin 5和Bax mRNA的表达.结果 荧光定量PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,切除下颌下腺14d和28d后,实验组大鼠睾丸annexin 5 mRNA分别升高了38.5%和55.3%,但无显著性差异;实验组大鼠睾丸Bax mRNA分别升高了70.6%和80.5%,其升高具有显著性差异(P<0.05和P<0.01);切除下颌下腺42d时,实验组大鼠睾丸annexin 5和Bax mRNA分别升高5.6%和2.3%,几乎恢复到与对照组相同的水平.结论 下颌下腺切除后14d和28d可造成大鼠睾丸annexin 5和Bax mRNA的表达升高;切除后42d,annexin 5和Bax mRNA又恢复到正常水平.     

大鼠下颌下腺切除对肝再生的影响

目的：探讨大鼠下颌下腺切除后对肝再生的影响。方法：将21只雄性SD大鼠分成三组：3只正常大鼠作为对照组(N组)；9只行肝大部切除术(H组)；9只行肝大部切除术和双侧下颌下腺切除术(E十H组)。应用增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组化和核仁组成区嗜银蛋白(AgNOR)染色方法，对N组，H组，E H组的肝组织进行检测和计量。结果：术后第1天及第3天E H组的PCNA指数、AgNOR数及残余肝脏重量均明显低于H组。结论：结果表明大鼠下颌下腺切除后，肝细胞增殖延迟，肝再行过程延缓，提示下颌下腺分泌的EGF对肝再生起重要调节作用。     

腮腺唾液对大鼠胃粘膜的保护作用

已知上发生长因子(EGF)有促进胃粘膜、DNARNA和蛋白质合成,促进上皮组织增生和分化,抑制胃酸分泌及促进溃疡愈合的作用。EGF首先从大鼠颌下腺分离出来,摘除大鼠颌下腺后,其基础胃酸分泌量比仅做假手术的对照大鼠显著增加,胃粘膜结     

Augmented intestinal trefoil factor (TFF3) and loss of pS2 (TFF1) expression precedes metaplastic differentiation of gastric epithelium

The trefoil peptides spasmolytic polypeptide (SP), intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), and pS2 show lineage-specific expression in the normal gut and are strongly induced after mucosal injury. We assessed the relationship between this induction and the development of the regenerative epithelial lineage over time in the rat stomach and verified these observations in the metaplastic and dysplastic human stomach. Antral or colonic ulcers were induced in Wistar rats by application of serosal acetic acid and tissues harvested 2 hours to 125 days later. Human endoscopic biopsies or gastric resection specimens were also assessed. Tissues were examined by radioimmunoassay, immunoblotting, or immunohistochemistry for ITF, SP, and transforming growth factor alpha (rat) or ITF and pS2 (human) expression. ITF and SP mRNA in antral ulcer margins was localized by in situ hybridization. ITF and SP peptide expression rose steadily in ulcer margins after 4 days, with the rise in ITF being more pronounced. By 40 days, several hundred-fold elevations in ITF levels were present, with a field effect in uninvolved mucosa. Hyperproliferative, elongated glands of undifferentiated cells expressing abundant trefoil peptides and acid sulfomucins were present after day 12 and persisted after ulcer healing. ITF mRNA was aberrantly expressed in basal and mid-regions of these regenerative glands. In contrast, transforming growth factor alpha peptide expression rose promptly after injury then fell to baseline levels with healing. Seven months after injury, gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and severe dysplasia with conserved ITF expression were seen. ITF was also induced in human intestinal metaplasia and conserved in all gastric cancers, whereas expression of the gastric peptide pS2 was progressively reduced in the progression from metaplasia to dysplasia. Persistent, selective overexpression of ITF, possibly acting in an autocrine fashion, is a feature of regeneration after antral ulceration, and may provide insight into the nature of metaplastic phenotypes arising from chronic gastric injury. The loss of pS2 expression in metaplasia and cancer supports a role for this protein in gastric tumor suppression.     

三叶因子1在实验性胃溃疡自愈期大鼠下颌下腺的表达及意义

目的 探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间下颌下腺三叶因子1(TFF1)的表达变化.方法 采用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR法,分别从蛋白水平及基因水平检测42只溃疡组、21只盐水组和6只正常组大鼠下颌下腺TFF1的表达.结果 免疫组织化学SP法显示,正常大鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管的多颗粒细胞呈TFF1免疫反应阳性,各级导管管腔内也有TFF1阳性物质,纹状管管腔游离面可见线条状TFF1阳性物.溃疡组下颌下腺TFF1肽积分吸光度值明显增加,高于相应的盐水对照组和正常组(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中1d、2d、4d、6d TFF1肽积分吸光度值逐渐增加,6d最高,10d、14d、23d也显著高于盐水对照组.RT-PCR结果 显示,下颌下腺有TFF1 mRNA转录,且溃疡组TFF1/GAPDH mRNA吸光度比值在溃疡2～23d均高于盐水对照组和正常组(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 下颌下腺TFF1肽在大鼠实验性胃溃疡形成和愈合过程中高表达,主要通过导管系统排泄,参与实验性胃溃疡的愈合.     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间胰岛素原mRNA原位杂交的形态与计量研究

为了探讨胰岛素水平与消化道溃疡的关系，将成年雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠制成胃溃疡动物模型，用地高辛标记的ｐｒｏ－ＩｎｓｃＲＮＡ探针原位杂交方法，观察大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间胰岛Ｂ细胞内ｐｒｏ－ＩｎｓｍＲＮＡ的变化，并对其杂交信号进行定量分析。结果显示，在胃溃疡模型术后第６和第１０ｄ，胰岛Ｂ细胞内的杂交信号增强，表明在溃疡愈合早期ｐｒｏ－ＩｎｓｍＲＮＡ的表达量增加。结合本室以往的研究结果，初步讨论了胰岛素参与胃溃疡自愈的调节过程及其意义     

Regeneration of gastric mucosa during ulcer healing follows pathways that correspond to the ontogenetic course of rat fundic glands

Gastric ulcers in humans are notoriously chronic and recurring lesions. Although the average individual who undergoes no treatments requires many years for healing, most studies on the healing process of the experimentally induced ulcers have mainly focused on the early stages. Natural history of the ulcer healing has not been completely revealed. We have undertaken long-term investigation up to the 150th day after the cryo-injury to shed light on the natural history of the ulcer healing process compared with developmental changes of postnatal fundic glands. By the 30th day, restitutive gastric glands were mostly seen to cover the ulcer lesions, where well-developed gland-type mucous cells, showing Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin (GSA)-II labeling, appeared to occupy the basal portion. Most of the bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells were superimposed on the GSA-II-positive cell zone, forming the proliferative zone. By the 150th day, the restitutive glands were complete, with all epithelial components and topology of the normal fundic glands. The process of the ulcer healing was quite compatible with the developmental changes of the postnatal fundic glands. These results imply that the regeneration of gastric epithelium during the ulcer healing follows pathways linked to the ontogenetic course of the fundic gland.     

三叶因子2在大鼠下颌下腺内的表达及其与实验性胃溃疡愈合的关系

目的 探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间三叶因子2(TFF2)在大鼠下颌下腺的表达及其与胃溃疡愈合的关系. 方法 48只雄性SD大鼠分为溃疡组和正常组,采用免疫组织化学和RT-PCR法,检测溃疡组和正常组大鼠下颌下腺中TFF2肽和基因的表达情况. 结果 TFF2免疫反应阳性物质主要位于纹状管、闰管和小叶间导管、颗粒曲管少颗粒细胞的胞质,管腔内亦有阳性物质表达,近腔面处较多.和正常组相比,溃疡1d时TFF2阳性物质面密度和积分吸光度明显增高,2d时最低,4、6d时逐渐升高(P<0.01),10～23d时均维持在较高水平(P<0.05).溃疡1、2、4、6、10、14、23d TFF2/GAPDH吸光度比值除2d溃疡组略有增高外,其他各溃疡组明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05). 结论 大鼠下颌下腺中TFF2参与了胃溃疡愈合过程的调节.     

The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and isoproterenol on the postnatal differentiation of rat submandibular gland

The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on the postnatal differentiation of rat submandibular gland and on the isoproterenol-induced changes of differentiation were studied. The rats were injected with BrdU for three consecutive days, beginning at two days of age. The total dose of BrdU was 0.9 mg/g body weight. BrdU caused a severe retardation of growth up to 15 days of age. A rapid growth of the animals between 15 and 22 days indicated a recovery from the effect of BrdU. The growth of the submandibular gland was retarded similarly with a corresponding decrease in DNA, RNA and protein content. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the submandibular gland was not altered in the BrdU-treated animals at one and three days after the last injection of the analog. At days 15 and 22 the rate of thymidine incorporation was greater in the submandibular gland of BrdU-treated rats as compared to littermate controls. Isoproterenol stimulated thymidine incorporation into the submandibular glands of two-week-old rats. This stimulation was not observed in rats which received BrdU at age 7–9 days, prior to the administration of isoproterenol. Electron microscopic observations, including a quantitative analysis of the frequency distribution of the various cell types in the terminal tubules and developing acini, indicated a retardation of acinar cell differentiation in the glands of BrdU-treated rats. In addition, there was an increase in the number and size of the secretory granules in the terminal tubule cells. BrdU treatment, however, caused no obvious pathologic alterations in the submandibular gland. Administration of isoproterenol for five days, beginning at five days of age, caused an apparent acceleration of the differentiation of acinar cells. In the glands of isoproterenol-treated rats the acinar cells were enlarged and were filled with homogenous secretory granules. Pretreatment with BrdU partially inhibited the effects of isoproterenol on differentiation and hypertrophy of the submandibular gland. With the given dose of BrdU, approximately 5% of thymine was replaced by bromouracil in the DNA of the submandibular gland. Such a replacement would be consistent with a direct effect of BrdU on the cytodifferentiation in the submandibular gland. However, because of the severe retardation of growth of the BrdU-treated rats, indirect effects can not be excluded.     

脾虚胃溃疡大鼠分裂原激活的蛋白激酶信号传递分子的研究

目的探讨脾虚证时分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号传导通路中信号分子表皮生长因子（EGF）、胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）的变化及加味四君子汤治疗脾虚证的机理.方法HE染色、免疫组织化学反应、免疫印迹法.结果脾虚胃溃疡大鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞内EGF阳性反应产物的含量增加,胃黏膜磷酸化的ERK减少,胃溃疡愈合延迟;经过加味四君子汤治疗后,上述异常变化得到纠正. 结论EGF信号传递分子表达的变化可能是脾虚胃溃疡的发病机理之一,加味四君子汤能通过纠正这些变化而发挥治疗作用.     

Morphological study of granular convoluted tubules in the submandibular gland of the mouse during the growth of a sarcoma-180 subcutaneous tumor

Histological and cytological changes in the submandibular glands of adult male mice arising during the growth of sarcoma-180 subcutaneous tumors were studied. The submandibular glands of the mice were examined by morphometric analysis at 1, 3, 6, 10, 20, 30 and 64 days after inoculation of the tumor cells. There was a slow increase in the relative cross-sectional area of the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) in the section of the submandibular gland of the animals as the tumors grew. The increased proportional area of the GCT was significantly different from that of the control's from day 30. However, the mean weight of the glands was not increased. The proportional area of the granular cluster in the cells of the GCT of tumor cells in inoculated animals decreased about 5% on the first day and then quickly increased by 16% on the third day in comparison with those of the controls, eventually reaching a maximum of 74% (control, 54%) by day 30. In addition, the average number of granules per GCT cell decreased in the first three days, then increased to normal levels from day 6, going above the normal level from day 20 of the tumor growth. These changes in the glands of tumor-bearing animals disappeared within 20 days after removal of the tumor. These results indicate that the growth of the sarcoma-180 subcutaneous tumor caused morphological changes in the GCT and GCT cells, suggesting an alternation in the requirements of the secretions contained in the granules, such as the epidermal growth factor, during the growth of the tumor.