复方苦蛇乳膏皮肤刺激性和过敏性实验研究

目的:对复方苦蛇乳膏进行皮肤刺激试验和过敏试验,为科学评价其安全性提供依据。方法:采用家兔皮肤刺激试验,分完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,连续给药5 d后观察;采用豚鼠皮肤过敏试验,于0、7、14 d左侧脱毛皮肤致敏,第28 d右侧脱毛皮肤激发,观察是否引起皮肤过敏或全身性过敏反应。结果:复方苦蛇乳膏对家兔完整皮肤无刺激性,对破损皮肤有轻度刺激性;豚鼠皮肤过敏试验未出现皮肤明显红斑、水肿等皮肤过敏反应及其它全身性过敏反应。结论:复方苦蛇乳膏是安全性较好的外用制剂。     

小儿热清按摩凝胶皮肤毒性实验研究

目的 研究小儿热清按摩凝胶对动物皮肤的毒性作用.方法 采用健康幼年豚鼠进行皮肤急性毒性试验,健康幼年家兔进行皮肤刺激性试验,健康幼年豚鼠进行皮肤过敏性试验.结果 小儿热清按摩凝胶对幼年豚鼠完整皮肤和破损皮肤均无急性毒性反应,对幼年家兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤均无刺激性,对幼年豚鼠完整皮肤无致敏作用.结论 小儿热清按摩凝胶外用加以按摩,辅助治疗小儿急性上呼吸道感染是安全的.     

复方透骨草液外用毒性评价

目的:考察复方透骨草液外用的毒性,为临床应用的安全性提供实验依据。方法:①家兔皮肤急性毒性实验:家兔皮肤1 d内4次涂抹复方透骨草液,观察动物的急性毒性反应,14 d后检测血液生化指标ALT、AST、BUN、CREA、TP和ALB,大体解剖观察心、肝、脾、肾等主要脏器,并计算脏器指数。②家兔皮肤刺激实验:分别采用家兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤模型,连续7 d涂抹复方透骨草液,观察给药期及恢复期皮肤的红斑及水肿情况,记录皮肤刺激反应评分,判断药物是否具有刺激作用及刺激强度。恢复期结束行病理学检查。③豚鼠主动皮肤过敏预实验:豚鼠于第1、7、14天涂抹复方透骨草液进行致敏,以0.9%NaCl溶液为阴性对照,1%1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯溶液为阳性对照;末次致敏后14 d进行激发,激发后连续观察72 h,对皮肤的红斑和水肿情况进行初步评价。结果:①家兔1 d内外用大剂量复方透骨草液无明显急性毒性表现;与对照组相比,各项血液生化指标及主要脏器均无明显异常。②连续7 d涂抹复方透骨草液后,家兔完整皮肤未出现明显的红斑、水肿反应,无刺激性;家兔破损皮肤均出现轻度刺激症状(勉强可见红斑),且随着给药次数增加,药物对皮肤的刺激程度增强,末次给药后呈轻度刺激表现,停药后刺激症状逐渐消失,但部分动物的破损皮肤仍可见局部表皮增厚、真皮内纤维组织增生。③豚鼠外涂复方透骨草液激发后6、24、48、72 h均未出现红斑、水肿反应,无致敏性。结论:家兔外用相当于人临床用量45倍的复方透骨草液后未见急性毒性反应。复方透骨草液对家兔完整皮肤无刺激性,但对破损皮肤有一定的刺激性,对豚鼠无致敏性。     

红花微乳皮肤刺激性实验研究

目的:通过红花微乳对家兔皮肤的刺激性反应实验,以评价其安全性。方法:依据常规方法,将红花微乳涂抹于白色家兔背部正常及破损脱毛皮肤,观察其产生的皮肤刺激性变化。结果:红花微乳对正常皮肤和破损皮肤区,均有一定的皮肤刺激性,但都比较轻微,停药后可迅速恢复。结论:红花微乳对家兔皮肤的局部刺激性小,符合外用制剂刺激性要求。     

复方煤焦油洗剂皮肤用药的毒理学研究

目的 探讨复方煤焦油洗剂皮肤用药的安全性.方法 通过对家兔皮肤急性毒性实验、对豚鼠皮肤刺激性实验及皮肤过敏性实验,观察复方煤焦油洗剂对动物经皮肤用药的急性毒性、刺激性和过敏性.结果 复方煤焦油洗剂对家兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤未引起急性毒性反应;对豚鼠完整皮肤和破损皮肤有轻度刺激性,但给药48 h后,这种刺激性消失;对豚鼠完整皮肤无致敏作用.结论 复方煤焦油洗剂无明显毒性,皮肤用药的安全性良好.     

复方血竭微乳对豚鼠皮肤刺激性实验观察

目的：对复方血竭微乳进行皮肤刺激性试验,以了解其安全性。方法：将复方血竭微乳及空白微乳约0．5ml涂于豚鼠完整皮肤及破损皮肤,在完整皮肤和破损皮肤进行一次给药和多次给药皮肤刺激性试验,观察复方血竭微乳及其空白微乳是否会引起豚鼠皮肤刺激性。结果：复方血竭微乳及其空白微乳一次给药对完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组均未出现红斑、水肿等现象,无刺激现象;复方血竭微乳及其空白微乳多次给药对破损皮肤有轻微刺激作用。结论：复方血竭微乳多次给药对豚鼠完整皮肤无刺激性,对破损皮肤有轻度刺激性,但给药后72h刺激性反应自行消退。     

克癣净乳膏外用安全性评价实验研究

【目的】对克癣净乳膏进行临床前安全性评价。【方法】进行豚鼠皮肤过敏实验、家兔皮肤刺激性实验和家兔皮肤急性毒性实验。将豚鼠分为克癣净乳膏组20只、空白基质组5只和阳性致敏对照组5只,经致敏接触和激发接触,观察皮肤过敏反应情况,按出现红斑程度评分。将家兔16只分为克癣净乳膏完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组、空白基质完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,分别外涂受试物,每组4只,观察皮肤刺激反应强度。将不同剂量的克癣净乳膏用于家兔背部正常和破损去毛区皮肤,观察其产生急性毒性情况。【结果】克癣净乳膏对反复致敏后的豚鼠无皮肤过敏与全身过敏反应,皮肤刺激性强度对家兔正常皮肤和破损皮肤平均反应分值在给药后24、48h或72h后均低于0．49分,也未产生急性毒性反应。【结论】克癣净乳膏用于临床前实验中未产生明显的过敏反应、皮肤刺激反应和毒性反应,使用安全。     

洁尔康消毒液的毒性试验

<正> 洁尔康消毒液具有防腐、灭菌、杀虫的外用消毒作用。1992年6～7月,我们对该消毒液进行了局部用药的毒性及刺激性试验。其结果报告如下: 一、皮肤急性毒性试验:选用成年家兔12只,雌雄各半,分完整皮肤组,破损皮肤组和赋形剂组,前两组为高剂量组(用药浓度1:50)。于给药前24小时,将家兔背部脊柱两侧毛脱掉,脱毛范围相当于其体表面积的10％左     

紫花地丁复方止痒凝胶的止痒与消肿抗炎作用实验研究

目的：通过动物模型探讨自制中药紫花地丁复方止痒凝胶剂止痒、消肿抗炎作用及对皮肤的刺激性。方法：采用磷酸组胺致痒豚鼠模型,二甲苯致小鼠耳郭肿胀、角又菜胶致大鼠足肿胀模型,观察紫花地丁复方止痒凝胶对动物皮肤瘙痒及抗炎消肿作用,并设曼秀雷敦薄荷膏为阳性药物对照组;采用家兔同体前中后三部分自身对比法,评价紫花地丁复方止痒凝胶对皮肤的急、慢性刺激反应。结果：紫花地丁复方止痒凝胶组对磷酸组胺致豚鼠局部皮肤瘙痒有较好的止痒作用,对二甲苯致小鼠耳郭肿胀及角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀均有较好的消肿作用,且与曼秀雷敦薄荷膏作用相当;急性皮肤刺激显示复方止痒凝胶对家兔破损皮肤有轻度刺激作用,而慢性皮肤刺激提示无刺激性。结论：中药紫花地丁复方止痒凝胶剂具有良好的止痒、抗炎消肿作用,且安全性好。     

暖贴巾对实验动物皮肤毒理学研究

目的 观察暖贴巾对实验动物皮肤的毒性作用．方法 用暖贴巾分别对豚鼠完整皮肤与破损皮肤进行急性毒性试验、家兔完整皮肤与破损皮肤进行刺激试验、豚鼠皮肤进行过敏试验。结果 暖贴巾对豚鼠完整皮肤与破损皮肤无急性毒性反应，对家兔完整皮肤与破损皮肤无刺激反应，对豚鼠皮肤无过敏反应。结论 暖贴巾对实验动物皮肤未见毒性、刺激性和过敏性反应，说明其毒性极低，为临床使用提供了一定的安全依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.