香丹注射液中原儿茶醛的含量测定及临床安全性概述

目的 采用高效液相色谱测定法对香丹注射液中原儿茶醛含量进行测定,并通过相关文献评定香丹注射液的临床安全性.方法 以标准品丹参素、原儿茶醛、丹参酚酸B为内标,色谱柱: KromasilC18柱(4.6×20 mm,5 μm);流动相:流动相A:水-二甲基甲酰胺-冰醋酸(90∶4∶2),流动相 B:甲醇.梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 ml/min;检测波长:281 nm.结果 原儿茶醛在0.55～4.95μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 8,平均含量为0.174mg/ml.香丹注射液上市前已做动物试验和临床试验,只要提高其纯化技术,加强临床监督,值得在临床上推广.     

高效毛细管电泳分离和测定丹红注射液中水溶性活性成分

目的探讨高效毛细管电泳分离和测定丹红注射液中水溶性活性成分。方法磷酸盐缓冲溶液浓度为50mmol／L,pH7．2,电压为15kV,温度为25℃,检测波长为210nm,未涂层石英毛细管（内径为75μm）,毛细管总长为48．5cm,有效柱长为40cm,在优化的电泳分离条件下分析得到丹红注射液中水溶性活性成分原儿茶醛、丹参素、原儿茶酸的电泳图,考察3种分析物的线性、检测限和方法的重现性。结果丹红注射液中的原儿茶醛、丹参素和原儿茶酸混合物在11min内完全基线分离。结论高效毛细管电泳可用于丹红注射液的定量分析。     

薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定香丹注射液中原儿茶醛的含量

目的 建立薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定香丹注射液中原儿茶醛的含量。方法 以原儿茶醛为对照品，展开剂为二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（8：5：0．8）分离得到原儿茶醛，采用紫外分光光度法，检测波长281nm，测定原儿茶醛的含量。结果 原儿茶醛在0．55～4．95μg／ml范围内线性关系良好，r=0．9998。平均含量为0．174mg／ml，加样回收率为97．3％～102．3％，RSD为1．6％。结论 实验结果表明，薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定香丹注射液中原儿茶醛的含量，方法操作简便，准确度高，精密度好，可作为样品的检测方法。     

超高效液相色谱法测定丹红注射液中丹参素和原儿茶醛的含量

目的：建立同时测定丹红注射液中丹参素和原儿茶醛含量的超高效液相色谱法。方法：采用BEH ShieLd PR18色谱柱（2.1 mm ×100.0 mm,1.7μm）,以甲醇-（体积分数）0.5%冰醋酸水溶液（11：89）为流动相,流速0.2 mL·min-1,检测波长279 nm,柱温30℃。结果：丹参素和原儿茶醛的峰面积与含量呈良好的线性关系（ r=0.9999）,两种成分的回收率分别为100.03%和99.22%,RSD值分别为0.08%和0.59%,三批丹红注射液中丹参素的含量为1.4599～1.4759 g·L-1,原儿茶醛的含量为0.2290～0.2360 g·L-1。结论：所建立的丹红注射液中丹参素和原儿茶醛含量的超高效液相色谱法简便、准确、快速,为该制剂的质量控制提供了有效手段。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定双丹口服液中没食子酸、丹参素和原儿茶醛的含量

目的建立同时测定双丹口服液中3种活性成分没食子酸、丹参素和原儿茶醛含量的分析方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Sino Chrom ODS-BP C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）柱,流动相为甲醇-3%冰醋酸水溶液（8∶92）,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为280 nm。结果没食子酸、丹参素和原儿茶醛分别在5.0～100.0μg/mL（r=0.999 8）、7.5～150.0μg/mL（r=0.999 9）、5.0～100.0μg/mL（r=0.999 8）范围内具有良好的线性关系,加样回收率（n=6）依次为99.2%、99.8%、100.3%。结论本方法操作简便,结果准确,重复性好,适用于双丹口服液的质量控制。     

薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定丹参注射液中原儿茶醛的含量

目的：建立薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定丹参注射液中原儿茶醛的含量。方法：以原儿茶醛为对照品，二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（8：5：0.8）为展开剂，分离得到原儿茶醛，采用紫外分光光度法，检测波长281nm，测定原儿茶醛的含量。结果：原儿茶醛在0.50-4.50μg／ml范围内线性关系良好，r=0.9997。平均含量为0.202mg／ml，加样回收率为98.0％～103.0％。结论：实验结果表明，薄层层析-紫外分光光度法测定丹参注射液中原儿茶醛的含量，方法操作简便、准确度高、精密度好，可用于丹参注射液的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定5种不同产地丹参中丹参素和原儿茶醛含量

目的 :测定 5种产地丹参中丹参素、原儿茶醛的含量。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法 ,Kro masil分析柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 6mm ,5 μm ;流动相 :甲醇 10g/L冰醋酸 2 0 80 ;紫外检测波长 :2 80nm ;流速 :1.0ml/min。结果 :丹参素在 4 .2～ 33.6 μg/ml,原儿茶醛在 0 .36～ 1.80 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好 ,丹参素和原儿茶醛最低检测限分别为 10 .5ng和 0 .6ng ,回收率分别为 99.36 % (RSD为 1.2 6 % )和 97.5 4% (RSD为 0 .81% )。结论 :该方法简便、灵敏、准确 ,样品处理简便易行 ,在考察评价丹参药材质量上有实用价值。不同产地的丹参 ,其丹参素和原儿茶醛含量有一定差异。     

HPLC法同时测定丹参类药材中水溶性活性成分的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定丹参和甘肃丹参中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B含量的方法，通过3种水溶性活性成分测定，评价野生和甘肃栽培丹参、野生和栽培甘肃丹参的质量。方法色谱柱为C18色谱柱（4．6mm×250mm，5μm）；流动相为甲醇-冰醋酸-水（20：80：1）；流速1．0ml/min。二元梯度洗脱。结果丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B分别在58—1455ng、15-162ng、825-8250ng范围内线性关系良好，回收率分别为102．20％、101．53％和103．03％。结论方法简便、准确、分离效果好，可作为丹参水溶性活性3种成分的同时定量测定方法。     

HPLC法同时测定丹红注射液中3种有效成分的含量

目的 建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定丹红注射液中丹参素、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B含量测定方法.方法 采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱(5 μm,150 mm×4.6 mm);以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长281 nm.结果 丹参素、原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B分别在17.64～211.68 mg/L,4.95～59.4 mg/L、7.73～92.7 mg/L范围内,线性关系良好(r≥0.9998);平均回收率分别为100.8%、99.5%和100.5%.相对标准差<1.56%.结论 本实验为丹红注射液3种有效成分的测定提供了简单、准确、快速的分析方法.     

复方丹参注射液中丹参活性成份考察

考察市售复方丹参注射液中丹参活性成份,并对丹参素及原儿茶醛的含量进行测定。方法：采用高效液相色谱法。结果：平均加样回收率为98．32％,RSD为1．69％,不同厂家复方丹参注射液中丹参素的含量范围为0．56－2．30mg/ml,原儿茶醛的含量范围为0．17－0．69mg/ml。本方法不能检测到复方丹参注射液中脂溶性活性成分。其中丹参水溶性活性成分的含量差异较大。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.