皮肤红唇复合瓣法修复单侧完全性唇裂的临床分析

目的 介绍应用皮肤红唇复合瓣法修复单侧完全性唇裂的手术方法,并对其临床效果进行分析.方法 在裂侧唇缘设计一皮肤红唇三角瓣,内旋推向健侧,再造唇珠;口轮匝肌、鼻小柱和鼻翼外侧角的松解、复位固定;鼻底构建与鼻堤形成等多种方法,于2008年4～12月,对45例单侧完全性唇裂患儿进行手术修复.结果 术后随访1～6个月,45例单侧完全性唇裂患儿术后双侧唇高、鼻翼和唇红对称,鼻堤和唇珠明显,无鼻底凹陷,效果满意.结论 皮肤红唇复合瓣法修复单侧完全性唇裂,具有设计简单易行,切除组织量较少,瘢痕小,唇珠外形佳等特点.     

无鼻翼切口的Mulliken法修复双侧完全性唇裂唇鼻畸形

目的:探讨无鼻翼切口的Mul l i ken术式修复双侧完全性唇裂唇鼻畸形术后美容效果。方法:应用原长法的原则进行唇裂整复,术中恢复口轮匝肌的连续性,并行牙龈沟的再造及鼻底的封闭,利用侧唇的粘膜肌肉瓣修复唇珠,通过裂缘和前唇切口将大翼软骨、侧鼻软骨与粘膜和鼻翼皮肤潜行剥离,贯穿缝合上提并固定大翼软骨内侧脚,贯穿缝合将一侧大翼软骨外侧脚悬吊固定至对侧鼻软骨,同期初步矫正鼻畸形。结果:36例患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访3个月～1年,前颌骨均有不同程度的回缩,人中明显,唇珠丰满,红唇缘整齐,鼻小柱得以延长,鼻翼塌陷得以纠正,鼻畸形有一定程度的改善。结论:采用无鼻翼切口的Mul l i ken法修复双侧完全性唇裂同期矫正鼻畸形,可获得良好的唇鼻部效果。     

下鼻甲粘骨膜瓣在完全性唇裂鼻底修复中的应用体会

目的:探讨裂隙较宽的完全性唇裂整复术中鼻底修复的方法改进。方法:设计蒂在下的下鼻甲粘骨膜瓣,唇部切口按长庚法设计,制作下鼻甲粘骨膜瓣,患侧颊粘膜瓣及健侧唇"C"粘膜肌瓣共同修复完全裂开的鼻底。结果:127例完全性唇裂患者中,98例为单侧,29例为双侧,术后创口均甲级愈合,鼻底封闭良好,鼻外形矫正到位,左右基本对称。讨论:下鼻甲粘骨膜瓣制作简单,损伤小,能促使裂侧鼻翼外角自由内收,术后无异常并发症,是完全性唇裂鼻底良好修复的一种有效方法。     

改良单侧唇裂整复术临床应用探讨

目的:以Millard法为基础的唇裂手术方法其术后远期效果受到术者、术式、畸形程度等诸多因素的影响,手术效果难以恒定。为此本文对单侧唇裂整复术的手术方式进行了新的探讨。方法:单侧唇裂患者75例,平均手术年龄5个月,包括单侧不完全性唇裂和单侧完全性唇裂。皮肤与肌瓣定点分别设计,患侧鼻小柱点依据健侧鼻孔大小而定,唇部解剖标志自然状态下复位;肌瓣设计以Millard法为主并对其进行改良,其健侧鼻小柱定点移至患侧鼻小柱根部,不行患侧鼻底下的切口设计,对患侧口轮匝肌进行充分地分离,将其与健侧口轮匝肌相对位缝合。结果:上唇解剖标志自然,上下唇比例协调,组织充足;人中凹存在,皮肤瘢痕明显减少;唇沟部分自然并与邻区相连,同时为二期手术创造了良好条件,利于再次手术;无上唇过紧现象,手术效果较为满意。结论:研究提示按新的定点和设计提出的手术方案,是一种较理想的修复单侧唇裂的新方法,对于单侧唇裂不同畸形程度的患者均可适用。     

双侧唇裂功能性修复87例临床观察

目的：利用双侧唇裂口轮匝肌解剖,探讨肌肉功能性修复的美容效果。方法：在双侧唇裂保持原长法的基础上,进行口轮匝肌功能重建,将裂隙两侧的口轮匝肌分离并向前唇中分移动恢复环匝肌的完整性,并行唇龈沟的再造及鼻底的封闭,唇红及唇珠利用侧唇的粘膜修复。结果：87例患者从年龄5个月～19岁,术后远期唇部外形满意,动态效果好,唇部瘢痕不明显,唇红丰满。结论：将侧唇中的口轮匝肌广泛分离及前唇前庭沟加深的双侧唇裂功能性修复,使唇外形美观,红唇丰满,远期动态效果好,值得临床上推荐。     

单侧微小型唇裂的微小皮肤切口修复术

目的 探讨尽可能减少白唇部皮肤切口瘢痕的单侧微小型唇裂(单侧Ⅰ度唇裂)的修复方法.方法 遵循微创技术操作原则,采用鼻堤Z成形术切口,行白唇区、鼻基底区口轮匝肌浅面皮下剥离,部分离断降鼻肌并松解患侧鼻翼基部在上颌骨的粘连,切取患侧口轮匝肌瓣向内向上推进与健侧口轮匝肌重叠缝合,固定于鼻小柱基部患侧皮下深层,结合唇系带松解、去表皮唇黏膜下组织瓣填充于红唇凹陷部位以修复红唇唇裂.结果 7例先天性单侧微小型唇裂修复后均甲级愈合.后随访6～18个月,唇裂鼻堤、红唇凹陷修复效果明显,且患侧鼻孔宽大及唇高短缩畸形亦有改善.结论 鼻堤切口结合去表皮唇黏膜下组织瓣修复单侧唇裂,可在尽可能避免白唇切口瘢痕的前提下,明显改善单侧微小型唇裂存在的鼻堤、红唇凹陷、鼻孔宽大畸形,并延长了患侧唇高,可达到满意的手术效果,并符合微创技术原则.     

去表皮唇红黏膜肌瓣联合自体脂肪填充在单侧唇裂二期唇珠及唇红修复中的应用

目的 探讨单侧唇裂二期患者术后唇珠及唇红修复的手术方法。方法 回顾性分析自2017年1月至2020年12月,广西医科大学第二附属医院医疗美容科收治的15例单侧唇裂二期患者临床资料,均采用去表皮唇红黏膜肌瓣联合自体脂肪填充术修复唇珠及唇红,手术采用去表皮唇红黏膜肌瓣修复唇珠外形及组织容量,术后6个月再行自体脂肪填充,填充唇红及白唇的瘢痕凹陷区域,增加唇红的容量,淡化唇裂术后的瘢痕。由医师评价唇珠及唇红外形术后满意度,患者自我评价满意度。结果 去表皮唇红黏膜肌瓣联合脂肪填充术后所有患者唇珠结构明显、形态饱满,唇部整体形态良好,瘢痕淡化,无并发症发生。结论 去表皮唇红黏膜肌瓣联合自体脂肪填充手术是一种用于单侧唇裂二期患者术后唇珠及唇红修复的有效方法。     

鼻前庭矩形瓣法单侧唇裂修复术

目的：探讨鼻前庭矩形瓣法修复单侧唇裂的临床可行性，评价该方法的优越性。方法：应用遵循整形外科原则的鼻前庭矩形瓣法对80例单侧唇裂患者行立体三维修复。术后对外观及功能进行评价。结果：所有病例均Ⅰ期愈合。随访6个月～3年，除3例患儿红唇唇珠欠丰满，2例患侧鼻翼扁塌，2例切口有轻微瘢痕增长外，其余病例静态、动态效果良好。所有病例患侧唇峰均下降充分，两侧唇峰对称，人中形态好，人中嵴的形态接近正常。修复后的上唇更为丰满、松动，红唇丰满，唇珠明显。结论：应用鼻前庭矩形瓣法进行单侧唇裂的立体三维修复，符合整形外科原则，且不牺牲人中部位的组织及破坏了人中嵴、人中窝等重要美容结构。手术效果良好，值得推广应用。     

双侧唇裂术后继发畸形的人中及唇珠重建

以往矫正双侧唇裂继发畸形的手术方法主要强调鼻畸形的矫正 ,而忽视了对人中和唇珠这两个重要的美容结构的塑造。为了使双侧唇裂继发畸形矫正术后的效果更理想 ,我们设计了一种重建人中及唇珠的新方法 ,经临床应用效果满意。1　手术方法1.1　切口设计　沿前唇与两侧唇交界设计纵行切口 ,如原手术瘢痕较明显可同时将瘢痕切除 ,再沿前唇红、白唇交界设计横行切口 ,与两纵行切口相连。1.2　唇珠形成　先在前唇红唇口腔侧粘膜做Ｖ Ｙ成形 ,向下推红唇粘膜 ,然后沿皮肤设计切口切开前唇皮肤形成蒂在上的前唇皮瓣 ,再在鼻小柱基底横行切开前唇肌层…     

长庚法修复单侧不完全性唇裂

目的探讨长庚法功能性修复单侧不完全性唇裂的疗效.方法应用长庚法修复46例单侧不完全性唇裂.在设计旋转切口时,长庚法与Millard法相似;在设计患侧唇的推进瓣时,应尽量避免鼻翼基底的水平切口,更不宜做绕鼻翼外脚的弧形切口;C唇瓣向外、上旋转与鼻翼基底的口轮匝肌缝合,以提供对鼻翼的支撑及加高鼻堤;鼻底的宽度应参照健侧并通过C瓣的旋转实现.结果 46例中,44例的创口Ⅰ期愈合,1例抓伤、1例湿疹致创口Ⅱ期愈合.患侧唇的高度、长度与健侧一致,患侧鼻底宽度适中且有较好的丰满度,鼻翼外脚形态自然,患侧人中嵴较明显,红唇部形态自然、丰满,唇珠微突,鼻小柱形态好.结论长庚法功能性修复单侧不完全性唇裂,定点简单,操作方便,创伤小,术后能获得良好的鼻唇外形和功能.     

A new technique for perioral muscle reconstruction and lip lengthening in complete unilateral cleft lip

BackgroundAdequate skin lengthening and symmetry may not be consistently obtained in unilateral cleft lip repair, especially in patients with complete cleft. The purpose of this study was to present the model of muscle dissection and approximation to facilitate lip lengthening and symmetry.MethodsThe design followed the rotation-advancement (RA) method without skin measurement. A curvilinear skin incision was made from subnasale to the Cupid's bow peak (CBP). Muscle dissection was continued to the contralateral nostril floor beneath the columellar base to facilitate downward rotation in the medial lip. Wide muscle dissection was performed in the lateral lip segment from the nasal mucosa passing the alar base. The lateral lip muscle was advanced and sutured to the medial lip muscle in a Z-plasty fashion. A small skin backcut was made above the CBP. Primary nasal correction was performed. A series of 138 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were included in this study. Standard photographs were collected for measurement in the nasolabial region.ResultsAdequate lengthening and symmetry of the lip was obtained. The ratio of vertical philtral height was 0.99±0.05 between the cleft and noncleft sides. The C flap was used for supplementary skin lengthening in 58% of cases. Postoperative lip retraction requiring massage occurred in 13%. Overall nasolabial appearance was satisfactory.ConclusionThe new technique of perioral muscle reconstruction facilitated to obtain lip lengthening and symmetry in the repair of complete unilateral cleft lip.     

应用鼻底三角瓣法修复单侧不完全性唇裂

目的　应用改进的鼻底三角瓣法修复单侧不完全性唇裂 ,以获得更加良好的上唇外形。方法　对单侧不完全性唇裂的首次手术 ,于患侧鼻底部设计三角皮瓣转移下降上唇 ,白唇部裂隙切口直线缝合。结果　 6 6例患者修复后上唇外形良好 ,双侧上唇高度对称 ,人中形状完整。结论　鼻底三角瓣法适用于单侧不完全性唇裂的修复     

Straight line repair of unilateral cleft lip: new operative method based on 25 years experience.

The resultant scar in the primary repair of unilateral cleft lip should ideally be straight and the mirror image of the philtrum on the non-cleft side. In 1993, we reported a new operative technique for unilateral cleft lip, in which we designed a straight line for the incision on the white lip. In order to produce the nostril floor, we used the white lip tissue in the area between the alar base and alveolus at the cleft side as a flap. We also used a small triangular flap above the white skin roll to prevent Cupid's peak from being drawn up. Unlike the rotation-advancement method, our technique does not leave a transverse scar at the alar base. Instead, it leaves a scar only along the line coincident with the natural philtral ridge. However, during observations of our patients, we noticed that the small triangular flap designed to be 1.5mm tended to become a conspicuous angular scar as the patients grew older. In addition, drooping of Cupid's peak on the cleft side was often observed with this small triangular flap. To make it less conspicuous, we made some modifications to the small flap above the white skin roll. With this new technique, we designed a semi-circular flap (1.5 x 3mm) above the white skin roll, instead of the small triangular flap. The suture line of our refined procedure draws a gentle curve, which looks almost straight because of skin elasticity. Moreover, the semi-circular flap causes less drooping of the upper lip than the triangular flap. We believe that revising the shape of the small flap on the white skin roll greatly improves patients' appearance. In this report, we present our refined techniques of primary repair of unilateral cleft lip.     

应用唇缘黏膜瓣修复单侧完全性唇裂的鼻底畸形

目的探讨在单侧完全性唇裂修复术中,既能减小鼻底张力,又简单易行,且能确保鼻底修复的方法。方法在唇缘设计两片黏膜瓣,以减小鼻底张力,同时闭合鼻底、口鼻前庭瘘。结果应用本方法治疗37例患儿,伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,瘢痕增生不明显,鼻底闭合良好,鼻底、鼻槛丰满。结论应用唇缘黏膜瓣修复鼻底,能有效治疗单侧完全性唇裂患者的鼻底畸形。     

Correction of cleft lip nasal deformity in Orientals using a refined reverse-U incision and V-Y plasty.

A total of 45 patients with cleft lip nasal deformities were operated on between September 1997 and December 1999. We reviewed 35 of them. Out of these, 31 patients had unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities and four patients had bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. The age range of the patients was from 3 years to 56 years. A reverse-U incision with V-Y plasty was used in 20 patients with mild to moderate unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. An open rhinoplasty incision combined with the reverse-U incision and V-Y plasty was used in 11 patients with severe unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. A bilateral reverse-U incision and a trans-columellar incision were used in the four patients with bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. After advancement of the mucochondrial flap, alar transfixion sutures were used to ensure firm contact between the nasal skin and the redraped reverse-U flap. A composite graft for columellar lengthening was used in six cases of severe unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity and the four cases of bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Ancillary procedures included correction of a lateral displacement of the alar base, lip scar revision, a cartilage graft for tip augmentation, iliac bone grafting for correction of hypoplasia of the maxilla or for an alveolar cleft and corrective rhinoplasty. A self-made nasal retainer was applied for 6 months in all patients to maintain the corrected contour of the nostril. The follow-up period ranged from 11 months to 26 months, with an average of 18 months. The final results were evaluated based on the degree of symmetry of the nostrils, the redraping of the alar-columellar web and the exposure of the nostrils. Good results were obtained in 29 patients where alar-columellar web deformities were either absent or minimal and a satisfactory symmetry of the nostrils was achieved. Four patients had fair results and two patients had poor results. In conclusion, we suggest that the reverse-U incision with V-Y plasty is a useful method for achieving symmetry of the nostrils in cleft lip nasal deformities in Orientals. In addition, this technique provides ample advancement and repositioning of the mucochondrial flap and simultaneous correction of the nasal vestibular web.     

Use of levator labii superioris muscle flap in the muscle repair of cleft lips

Summary In order to facilitate and improve muscle repair in wide cleft lips, a levator labii superioris muscle flap has been used to augment the orbicularis oris muscle. The neurovascular pedicle of this muscle flap can be preserved to eliminate the possibility of ischemic muscle fibrosis and atrophy. Eleven patients between the ages of 4 months and 24 years having wide cleft lips underwent this procedure. Seven had a unilateral and 4 had a bilateral cleft lip deformity. In one patient who had a bilateral complete cleft lip, the levator labii superioris muscle was directly approximated to the contralateral muscle. In the other three patients with bilateral cleft lips, the levator labii superioris muscle flaps were approximated to the contralateral orbicularis oris muscles. In all 7 of the unilateral cases, the levator labii superioris muscle flaps were used to obtain a tension free closure and for filling out the defect below the nostril sill. None of the patients had wound infection, wound dehiscence or scar widening. The functional loss resulting from the transposition of the flap is compensated for by the remaining synergistic muscle, the zygomaticus minor. This method of muscle repair seems to be completely benign, and the muscle flap dissection can be performed easily and safely. Requests for reprints: Dr. O. Kivanc, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330 Balcali Hospital, Adana, Turkey     

口轮匝肌重建联合黏膜V—Y成形修复双唇裂术后红唇凹陷畸形

目的探讨口轮匝肌解剖重建联合前唇黏膜“V—Y”成形术修复双唇裂术后中央部红唇凹陷畸形的手术方法。方法对16例双唇裂术后前唇凹陷畸形者行前唇部红唇“V”形切口，解剖分离出红唇两侧口轮匝肌并缝合，将前唇黏膜瓣“Y”形缝合，使前唇丰满。结果患者红唇凹陷畸形得到矫正，红唇形态良好，静态与动态畸形矫正效果满意。随访2个月至2年，远期疗效稳定。结论红唇部口轮匝肌解剖重建联合前唇黏膜“V—Y”成形术，是一种操作简单、效果稳定的功能性修复双唇裂红唇凹陷畸形的较好方法。     

榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形

目的探讨榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形的疗效。方法 2009年1月-2011年8月,收治43例单侧唇裂修复术后继发人中嵴畸形患者。男23例,女20例;年龄18～31岁,平均23.6岁。左侧26例,右侧17例。唇裂采用MillardⅠ式修复15例,MillardⅡ式修复28例。唇裂修复术至此次手术时间为15～30年,平均21.7年。术中切取双侧口轮匝肌肌瓣,水平分成上、下两层;双侧下层肌瓣相互重叠缝合,上层肌瓣形成榫卯型结构,缝合于皮下。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。40例患者获随访,随访时间6～34个月,平均13.4个月。双侧人中嵴隆起、对称,人中凹形态接近正常,上唇动态效果满意。术后6个月38例明显改善,2例改善不明显。结论榫卯型口轮匝肌肌瓣手术操作简便,修复单侧唇裂术后继发人中嵴畸形能较好恢复解剖结构,术后获得良好上唇外形和功能。