尿毒症毒素研究进展

透析是终末期肾病的治疗方法之一,透析清除毒素的效果与毒素的性质相关。对毒素的认识在不断发展和深入。本文就对尿毒症毒素的新认识加以阐述。     

尿毒症毒素的认识新进展

透析作为终末期肾病的一种有效治疗方法 ,主要清除中小分子水溶性毒素 ,随着对尿毒症毒素研究的深入 ,已发现传统的透析方式并不能清除许多新的毒素。本文就尿毒症毒素的新认识和未来透析可能的发展方向进行阐述     

尿毒症毒素的最新认识

近年来 ,陆续报道发现一些新的尿毒症毒素 (如AGEs、IgLCs、糖修饰蛋白、瘦素、DIP I、DIP Ⅱ、GIP I、补体等 )并对原来阐述的尿毒症毒素有新的认识 (如尿素、多胺、PTH等 ) ,本文对这方面的研究进展作一综述。     

尿毒症毒素研究进展

透析是终末期肾病的治疗方法之一，透析清除毒素的效果与毒素的性质相关。对毒素的认识在不断发展和深入。本文就对尿毒症毒素的新认识加以阐述。     

毒素除皱：美丽后面的隐忧

当时间在美丽的脸庞上刻下深深的印痕,继拉皮、去眼袋、化学剥脱术等等风潮之后,一种毒性很强的毒素——A型肉毒杆菌毒素(Botulinum Toxin Type A),由于具有消除皱纹的奇妙功效,正在全球范围内掀起新一轮美容潮流。在美国,它被制作成名为BOTOX的药物;在中国,则被冠以"生物除皱素"这样动听的名字而登堂入室。然而,专家指出,这股美容潮流可能对公众健康构成严重的潜在威胁。     

尿毒症中分子毒素与血液灌流

本文对尿毒症患者体内中分子物质的种类及其毒性,以及血液灌流在清除中分子物质中的作用作一综述.     

尿毒症中分子毒素与血液灌流

本文对尿毒症患者体内中分子物质的种类及其毒性,以及血液灌流在清除中分子物质中的作用作一综述。     

尿毒症毒素的认识新进展

透析作为终末期肾病的一种有效治疗方法，主要清除中小分子水溶性毒素，随着对尿毒症毒素研究的深入，已发现传统的透析方式并不能清除许多新的毒素。本文就尿毒症毒素的新认识和未来透析可能的发展方向进行阐述。     

外源性毒素对雄性动物生殖的影响

外源性毒素 (如砷、二英等 )可通过各种途径进入动物体内并不断蓄积 ,对机体产生毒性作用 ,并可能对雄性动物的生殖产生不良影响。现就常见的矿物性毒素和外源性雌激素对雄性生殖的影响及其作用机制作一综述     

基因毒素治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

基因毒素治疗系通过外源性的酶将细胞内的非毒性药物前体转变为毒性药物从而杀死肿瘤细胞的方法。本文从基因毒素的分类、作用机制等方面作一综述。     

Minimally invasive otoplasty

Over the past five years we have successfully performed what we call a minimally invasive technique. The objectives of this technique are minimal incisions, limited dissection, and absence of internal permanent sutures for antihelix definition. In this article, we describe the surgical technique and analyze its advantages. There has been a reduction in complications and other problems associated with the conventional techniques. Received: 20 January 1997 / Accepted: 18 August 1997     

Minimally invasive thyroidectomy

Background: Conventional thyroidectomies by a direct approach through the neck require long incisions in the neck that can result in prominent scars, hypesthesia, and paresthesia. Minimally invasive procedures have recently been adopted for the surgical treatment of thyroid disease as a means of preventing such problems. Methods: In the present paper, the anterior chest approach and axillary approach to endoscopic thyroidectomy are described. Results: Twenty‐two patients were treated by the anterior chest approach to endoscopic thyroidectomy and 28 patients by the axillary approach. The only complication was one case of postoperative emphysema. The patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results of the procedures and with the minimal degree of postoperative hypesthesia, paresthesia and discomfort. Conclusion: Endoscopic thyroidectomy may become the procedure of choice for the surgical treatment of carefully selected patients with thyroid disease.     

Advanced therapy for prostatitis: Minimally invasive and invasive therapies

The clinical syndromes of chronic prostatitis range from well-defined chronic bacterial infections to poorly defined chronic pelvic pain syndrome, previously referred to as prostatodynia and abacterial prostatitis. Faced by the obscure nature of the disease, its protracted course, and the poor response to oral medication, urologists have considered alternative treatment options. This article reviews the indications and outcomes of minimally invasive and invasive therapies for chronic prostatitis syndromes and discusses their potential use and benefits.     

Minimally invasive surgery

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), or laparoscopic surgery, plays a vital role in residency training in a number of surgical disciplines including general surgery, surgical oncology, colorectal surgery, pediatric surgery, and thoracic surgery. The tremendous patient demand for MIS over the past 2 decades has resulted in surgeons rapidly embracing this technique. Many general surgery residencies cover basic laparoscopy within their residency program; however, the experience with more advanced cases is more variable. This career resource guides the interested medical student and physician to opportunities for fellowship training in MIS. It includes a discussion of the specialty, training requirements, grant funding, research fellowships, and pertinent societies.     

Minimally invasive esophagectomy

Background We aimed to assess the outcomes including the effect on quality of life (QoL) of a group of patients having a minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). Methods Patients with esophageal cancer were offered MIE over a 22-month period. Data on outcomes were collected prospectively, including formal quality-of-assessments. Results There were 25 patients offered MIE. Two patients were converted to a laparotomy to improve the lymphadenectomy. There were no deaths. Respiratory problems (pneumonia, 28%) were the most common in the 64% of patients who had a complication. The median blood loss was 300 ml, time of surgery 330 min, and time to discharge 11 days. There was a decrease in the measured QoL both in general and specifically for the esophageal patients, taking 18–24 months to return to baseline. Conclusions MIE was performed with morbidity similar to other approaches. There were no clear benefits shown in this group of patients with respect to postoperative recovery or short- to medium-term QoL.     

Minimally invasive esophagectomy

BACKGROUND: Open esophagectomy can be associated with significant morbidity and delay return to routine activities. Minimally invasive surgery may lower the morbidity of esophagectomy but only a few small series have been published. METHODS: From August 1996 to September 1999, 77 patients underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy. Initially, esophagectomy was approached totally laparoscopically or with mini-thoracotomy; thoracoscopy subsequently replaced thoracotomy. RESULTS: Indications included esophageal carcinoma (n = 54), Barrett's high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (n = 17), and benign miscellaneous (n = 6). There were 50 men and 27 women with an average age of 66 years (range 30 to 94 years). Median operative time was 7.5 hours (4.5 hours with > 20 case experience). Median intensive care unit stay was 1 day (range 0 to 60 days); median length of stay was 7 days (range 4 to 73 days) with no operative or hospital mortalities. There were four nonemergent conversions to open esophagectomy; major and minor complication rates were 27% and 55%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive esophagectomy is technically feasible and safe in our center, which has extensive minimally invasive and open esophageal experience. Open surgery should remain the standard until future studies conclusively demonstrate advantages of minimally invasive approaches.