环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤+霉酚酸酯+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白四联方案预防无关供体造血干细胞移植中的移植物抗宿主病

目的评价环孢素A(CsA) 甲氨蝶呤(MTX) 霉酚酸酯(MMF)和低剂量抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)预防无关供体造血干细胞移植(URD-HSCT)中移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的疗效。方法13与11例白血病患者分别接受URD-HSCT和相关供体(RD)-HSCT。移植预处理方案:19例应用全身放疗 环磷酰胺方案、5例应用改良BuCY(羟基脲、马利兰、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺)方案;无关移植病人供体与受体之间HLA-A、B、DR基因位点完全相合11例,1个基因位点不合2例。所有相关移植病人供体与受体之间血清学位点均为全相合;预防GVHD方案:所有病人均接受CsA MTX方案,行URD-HSCT病人在CsA MTX方案基础上加用MMF和ATG。结果移植后所有患者均获得造血重建,移植中预处理相关毒性(RRT)发生率和程度在无关与相关移植中二者无差异(P>0.05);急性GVHD(aGVHD)在无关与相关移植病人分别为46.2%和55.6%,在可统计的慢性GVHD(cGVHD)病人中,无关移植是4/7例,相关移植6/9例;无关与相关移植病人中分别有1例死于移植相关并发症,移植后1年估计无病生存率在无关与相关移植分别为87.5%和90.9%;移植后巨细胞病毒(CMV)抗原阳性率在无关与相关移植无差异(P>0.05)。结论CsA MTX MMF ATG四联方案预防URD-HSCT中GVHD能降低aGVHD的发生及其程度,不增加移植后相关死亡率和CMV感染率。     

造血干细胞移植治疗恶性血液病、实体瘤回顾分析

目的 探讨不同预处理方案以及不同移植方法治疗恶性血液病、实体瘤的疗效,对其移植效果及移植风险进行评价.方法 回顾分析非净化自体骨髓移植（auto-HSCT）31例,外周血干细胞加自体骨髓活化移植（PBSCT＋ABM）26例,清髓性异基因骨髓移植（allo-HSCH）18例,非清髓性异基因骨髓/外周血移植（allo-NSCT）43例,脐带血干细胞移植（CBT）7例的临床资料.PBSCT＋ABM、auto-HSCH和allo-HSCH均采用MAC方案预处理.PBSCT＋ABM系采用自身外周血干细胞及体外活化自体骨髓液750 ml回输;allo-HSCT采集供者骨髓液于移植0 d回输;allo-NSCT是采用低强度的FAAC或MAAC两种方案预处理,移植后根据嵌合体形成的情况,以递增方式将供体淋巴细胞输注（DLI）给患者.allo-CBT患儿,2例采用脐血库的干细胞,HLA配型4个以上的位点相合,5例采用同胞的脐带血干细胞,预处理采用CTX/ATG,移植的程序与上述一致.异基因移植患者常规使用免疫抑制剂（环胞霉素、氨甲蝶呤/骁悉）,并根据白细胞、血小板、骨髓恢复,ABO血型分析,STR测定嵌合体形成等情况作为植活的证据.aGVHD按Glucksberg标准分析,cGVHD根据Shulman标准分析.结果 125例患者中除有1例慢性髓性白血病（CML）NSCT移植后40 d时植入失败死于骨髓衰竭,1例急性髓性白血病（AML）NSCT在造血恢复前死于脑出血外,其余123例都预期恢复造血.异基因移植aGVHD发生率9.69%,cGVHD发生率22.23%.auto-HSCT31例,截止资料分析时生存8例（25.80%）.PBSCT＋ABM 26例,生存15例（57.69%），allo-HSCT 18例,生存11例（61.11%）,NSCT43例,生存19例（45%）.CBT7例生存2例.结论 异基因造血干细胞移植是一种根治性的治疗手段,尤其非清髓性预处理的异基因造血干细胞移植方法不仅扩大了移植的应用范围及适应证,而且提高了移植的安全性并降低了移植费用.     

无关供体外周血干细胞和骨髓移植治疗白血病的比较研究

目的评价无关供体外周血干细胞和骨髓移植的造血重建、T细胞重建、感染、GVHD及疗效的差异。方法46例患者接受无关供体造血干细胞移植(URD-HSCT),其中16例患者接受无关供者外周血干细胞移植(外周血组),30例患者接受无关供者骨髓移植(骨髓组)。流式细胞仪测定移植后1年内不同时间点患者的T细胞免疫重建。统计分析两组患者移植后白细胞(WBC)和血小板(BPC)重建时间,T细胞重建,感染发生率,移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)、白血病复发、无病生存(DFS)情况。结果除1例骨髓干细胞移植患者未造血重建外,其余45例均获得造血重建。外周血组和骨髓组WBC重建时间分别为 (12.81±4.15)和 (16.21±3.09)d(P=0.003);白细胞重建时间分别为 (15.50±6.91)和 (20.31±7.19)d(P=0.035),外周血组白细胞和血小板重建时间均快于骨髓组。外周血组和骨髓组患者移植后1、3、6、9、12月的T细胞重建无显著性差异。外周血组和骨髓组的移植后早期感染发生率分别为37.50%和50.00%,二者无显著性差异(P=0.644)。外周血组与骨髓组急性GVHD(aGVHD)的发生率分别为56.25%和70.00%,其中Ⅲ-Ⅳ°aGVHD的发生率在二组分别为18.75%和13.79%;在可统计的患者中,慢性GVHD(cGVHD)的发生率外周血组为30.77%(4/13),骨髓组为36.36%(8/22),aGVHD和cGVHD发生率二组比较均无差异(P值分别为0.456和0.413)。非白血病复发移植相关死亡率外周血组和骨髓组分别为18.75%和33.33%,二者无显著性差异(P=0.295)。外周血组与骨髓组移植后分别有3例和2例复发,二者的复发率无显著性差异(P=0.226);移植后2年DFS在外周血组与骨髓组分别为62.19%和56.23%,二者无显著性差异(P=0.615)。结论无关供体外周血干细胞移植后的造血重建比骨髓移植迅速,但两者间移植后T细胞重建、感染发生率、GVHD及DFS并无显著性差异。     

环孢素A＋甲氨蝶呤＋霉酚酸酯＋抗胸腺细胞球蛋白四联方案预防无关供体造血干细胞移植中的移植物抗宿主病

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of quadruple therapy with cyclosporine (CsA), methotrexate (MTX), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and low-dose antithymocyte globulin (ATG) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (URD-HSCT). METHODS: Thirteen patients with leukemia received URD-HSCT, of whom 11 had HLA genotypes and 2 had mismatch for 1 genetic locus. Another 11 leukemia patients all serologically matched underwent related donor (RD)-HSCT. Total body irradiation (TBI) plus cyclophosphamide (CTX) was adopted in 19 cases and modified BuCY conditioning regimen (hydroxyurea, busulfan, Ara-C, Cyclophosphamide ) in the other 5 cases. All the patients received CsA+MTX protocal for GVHD prophylaxis, and in those undergoing URD-HSCT, additional MMF and low-dose ATG were used. RESULTS: The incidence and severity of regimen-related toxicity differed little between unrelated and related transplantation. Acute GVHD (aGVHD) occurred in 46.2% of the patients undergoing URD- HSCT and in 55.6% of those with RD-HSCT, respectively. Four patients had chronic GVHD (cGVHD), in the 7 ones who could be followed up after URD-HSCT; 6 of the 9 patients with RD-HSCT developed cGVHD postoperatively. One patient with URD-HSCT died of hemorrhagic cystitis and another with RD-HSCT died of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia. The at one-year disease-free survival rate was 87.5% and 90.9% in patients with unrelated and related transplantation respectively. Significant difference was not noted in the positivity rate of CMV antigen between the patients receiving URD-HSCT or RD-HSCT. CONCLUSION: CsA+MTX in combination with MMF and low-dose ATG may decrease the incidence and severity of aGVHD without increasing transplant-related mortality or CMV infection.     

Successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning in patients with relapsed Hodgkin's disease following autologous stem cell transplantation

Use of myeloablative preparative therapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) as salvage therapy for adult patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies after autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT) is generally unsuccessful due to very high treatment-related mortality rates. We report here the outcome of HLA-matched related donor alloSCT following nonmyeloablative preparative therapy in two patients with Hodgkin's disease, relapsed after autologous stem cell graft. Times from autoSCT to alloSCT were 9 and 11 months, respectively. Preparative therapy consisted of the following: oral busulfan, 4 mg/kg on days -6 and -5; intravenous (i.v.) cyclophosphamide, 350 mg/m2 on days -4, -3 and, -2, and i.v. fludarabine, 30 mg/m2 on days -4, -3, and -2; oral cyclosporin A (CyA) 5 mg/kg was begun on day -1 and i.v. methotrexate 5 mg/m2 was delivered on days +1, +3, +5, and +11. Both patients achieved initial mixed chimerism as defined as > 1% donor peripheral white blood cells and did not receive prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusions; both showed conversion to final full-donor chimerism. Stage I acute graft-vs.-host disease occurred in one patient and both achieved sustained complete response. One patient died on day 233 as a consequence of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity, whereas the other patient remains in continued complete remission 513 days after allograft. This nonmyeloablative alloSCT strategy was well tolerated, was completed entirely on an out-patient basis, and can result in durable disease-free survival among patients with Hodgkin's disease after failed autoSCT. Further follow-up and evaluation of additional patients are required to conclusively establish the role of this strategy in treatment of hematologic malignancies after autologous transplantation.     

AM L行异基因造血干细胞移植后复发应用 FLAG方案联合G-DLI的疗效研究

目的：观察急性髓系白血病（AML）行异基因造血干细胞移植（allo‐HSCT）后血液学复发,应用FLAG方案联合粒细胞集落刺激因子动员的供者淋巴细胞输注（G‐DLI）治疗的临床疗效。方法对于接受异基因外周血造血干细胞移植（allo‐PB‐SCT）后复发的患者,给予FLAG方案化疗后在白细胞降至最低点时给予G‐DLI ,观察白血病缓解及生存情况,并通过 PubMed等检索进行文献复习。结果3例移植术后复发接受FLAG方案联合G‐DLI治疗者均再次获得完全缓解（CR）。1例G‐DLI后无病存活（DFS）13个月,后出现中枢复发,但骨髓一直处于缓解状态,23个月后因多脏器功能衰竭死亡,总生存（OS）为23个月。G‐DLI后发生皮肤Ⅱ度急性高移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）及肝脏Ⅰ度急性GVHD ,经处理后控制,未发生慢性GVHD。1例G‐DLI后12个月再次骨髓复发,放弃治疗于1个月后死亡,DFS及OS分别为12、13个月。G‐DLI后发生局限性皮肤慢性GVHD ,给予小剂量免疫抑制剂后得到控制。1例G‐DLI后无病存活至今,DFS为16个月。G‐DLI后发生局限性皮肤慢性GVHD ,给予小剂量免疫抑制剂后得到控制。结论 FLAG方案联合G‐DLI可能是AML行allo‐HSCT术后复发的有效治疗方式之一。     

非清髓异基因造血干细胞移植造血细胞嵌合体形成及演变的临床意义

目的：探讨非清髓异基因造血干细胞移植（NAST）造血细胞嵌合体的形成及演变的临床意义。方法：采用非清髓性预处理方案治疗了42例组织相容性抗原相合的血液病患者。男26例,女16例,中位数年龄37岁（18－59岁）。非清髓预处理：白血病患者采用环磷酰胺（CTX）、阿糖胞苷及CD3单克隆抗体,6周患者在此基础上加用氟达拉滨。再生障碍性贫血和骨髓增生异常综合征患者采用CTX和抗淋巴细胞球蛋白。结果：42例患者均顺利渡过造血抑制期并形成造血细胞嵌合体。18例形成稳定的完全供者造血细胞嵌合体（FDC）,24例形成混合造血细胞嵌合体（MC）。其中15例逐渐转为FDC,5例保持稳定嵌合状态,4例发生移植排斥。42例中10例（23．8％）发生急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD).其中FDC者8／18（44．4％）,MC组2／24,FDC者的aGVHD发生率明显高于MC患者（P＜0．05）。42例中8例发生慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD).FDC者4／18,MC者4／24,FDC患者的cGVHD发生率高于MC组但差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。FDC患者和MC患者的中性粒细胞和血小板最低值及恢复时间,存活时间差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。随访2－43个月,仍存活31例（73．8％）。结论：NAST早期先形成高比例MC再逐渐转化为FDC即可显著减轻GVHD又不降低和影响疗效,可能是造血干细胞移植更理想的植入模式。     

脐血移植治疗难治复发急性白血病的临床分析

目的 分析脐血移植(umbilical cord blood transplantation, UCBT)治疗难治复发急性白血病(relapsed/refractory acute leukemia,R/R-AL)患者的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年12月在湖南省郴州市第一人民医院接受UCBT的22例患者,其中难治复发急性髓系细胞白血病(relapsed/refractory acute myelocytic leukemia,R/R-AML)18例、难治复发急性淋巴细胞白血病(relapsed/refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia, R/R-ALL)4例。结果 ①+42 d粒系植入率为100％(22/22);+100 d巨核系植入率为90.5％(19/21)。②+100 d Ⅲ～Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病(acute graft versus host disease,aGVHD) 累积发生比例为36.4％(8/22);3年慢性移植物抗宿主病(chronic graft versus host disease,cGVHD) 累积发生比例为21.1％(4/19);3年重度cGVHD的累积发生比例为10.5％(2/19)。③3年累积复发率为3.2％;3年总生存率(overall survival, OS)为71.4％;3年无病生存率(disease-free survival, DFS)为70.9％。结论 UCBT治疗R/R-AL患者具有重度cGVHD率低、复发率低、OS和DFS高等特点。     

异基因造血干细胞移植后中枢神经系统并发症的危险因素及生存分析

目的： 探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)后中枢神经系统 (central nervous system,CNS)并发症的危险因素以及对患者生存的影响。方法： 采用回顾性分析的方法,收集中南 大学湘雅医院血液科2016 年9 月至2019 年9 月行异基因HSCT的323 例患者的临床资料,对发生CNS并发症的患者 并发症发生的时间、常见的症状等临床资料进行统计学描述。采用单因素及多因素分析方法分析异基因HSCT 后 CNS并发症发生的危险因素,并进行生存分析。结果： 在323 例行异基因HSCT的患者中,发生CNS并发症的有32 例,发生CNS 并发症的中位时间为移植后32( −1~584) d,常见的症状为意识障碍(78.1%)、抽搐(59.4%)、头痛 (12.5%)。单因素分析结果显示： 中性粒细胞植活情况、血小板(platelet,PLT) 植活情况、血清巨细胞病毒 (cytomegalovirus,CMV)DNA阳性、合并急性移植物抗宿主病(acute graft versus host disease,aGVHD)、供者选择是影响 异基因HSCT后CNS并发症发生的相关临床因素(分别P=0.011,P<0.001,P=0.006,P<0.001,P=0.035)。多因素分析 结果显示：PLT 植活延迟或未植活、合并aGVHD为CNS并发症发生的危险因素(均P<0.001)。生存分析结果显示： 发生CNS并发症的患者1 年总生存率(overall survival rate,OS)和2 年OS均明显低于未发生的患者(55%±9% vs 89%± 2%,37%±11% vs 85%±3%;均P<0.001);发生CNS并发症的患者1 年无病生存率(disease free survival rate,DFS)和2 年DFS均明显低于未发生患者(55%±9% vs 88%±2%,29%±11% vs 83%±3%;均P<0.001);发生CNS并发症的患者1 年移植相关病死率(transplantation-related mortality,TRM)和2 年TRM 均明显高于未发生患者(45%±9% vs 8%±2%, 58%±11% vs 11%±2%;均P<0.001)。结论： PLT植活延迟或未植活、合并aGVHD为异基因HSCT后CNS并发症发生 的危险因素,提示当异基因HSCT患者PLT植活延迟或未植活,或是合并aGVHD时,需警惕CNS并发症的发生。与 未发生CNS并发症的患者相比,发生该并发症的患者往往预后不良。     

激活骨髓自体移植治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病

目的　探讨激活骨髓 (ABM)自体移植作为急性早幼粒细胞白血病 (APL)缓解后巩固强化治疗的意义。方法　 31例病人 ,第一次完全缓解 (CR1) 2 7例、CR2 3例、第二次复发部分缓解 (PR) 1例 ;移植预处理方案 :2 7例接受MACC(马法兰、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺、环己亚硝脲 )方案 ,5例用TBI +CY(全身放疗 +环磷酰胺 )方案 ;荧光原位杂交测定PML/RARα融合基因 ;用Kaplan Meier生存曲线评估移植后无病生存率 ,COX回归模型分析性别、PML/RARα阳性、移植前状态 (CR1与CR2和PR)、初治时白细胞 (WBC)和血小板 (PBC)值对无病生存的影响。结果　CR1病人移植后无一例复发 ,移植后无病生存期 3～ 113个月、中位无病生存期 4 6个月 ,5年无病生存率为 10 0 % ;CR2病人 1例于移植后 19个月复发 ,另 2例分别无病生存为 7与 4 8个月 ;PR患者在移植后获CR 8个月复发。移植后全部病人均获得造血重建 ,无一例死于移植相关并发症。多因素分析长生存与移植前状态相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而与性别、PML/RARα阳性、初诊时WBC和PBC数无关 ;诱导缓解后PML/RARα阳性与初诊时WBC和PBC数相关。结论　激活骨髓自体移植治疗CR后的APL病人能降低复发率和提高无病生存率、尤是CR1后的APL病人。     

造血干细胞移植治疗慢性粒细胞白血病疗效分析

目的 评价自体(auto-)造血干细胞移植(HSCT)或异体(allo-)HSCT治疗慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)的临床疗效。方法 57例CML接受HSCT治疗,其中8例采用净化auto-HSCT、39例相关allo-HSCT、10例无关allo-HSCT。预处理方案:32例接受全身放疗+环磷酰胺(TBI+CY)、24例改良BuCY(羟基脲、马利兰、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺)、1例MACC(马法兰、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺、环已亚硝脲)。移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)预防:相关移植环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤(CsA+MTX)、无关移植CsA+MTX+霉酚酸酯(MMF)+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)方案.Kaplan-Meier生存模型评估移植后无病生存期。结果 8例接受激活骨髓联合反义寡核苷酸或联合STI571体内外净化自体移植后,除1例死于移植中相关并发症外,其余均获得部分或完全细胞或分子遗传学缓解。49例allo-HSCT患者除1例死于肝静脉闭塞综合征(VOD)和1例移植前急变患者移植后无效,其余患者均获完全缓解。移植中感染发生率为33.3%,VOD发生率7.0%,出血性膀胱炎发生率22.8%,巨细胞病毒间质性肺炎8.8%,VOD、出血性膀胱炎和巨细胞病毒间质性肺炎均发生在异体移植患者。急性和慢性GVHD在相关与无关移植分别为41.0%和48.6%与40.0%和42.9%。移植后白血病复发率自体移植57.1%、异体移植12.8%。移植后5年无病生存率在自体与异体移植分别为25.0%和61.7%。移植前慢性期与加速期和急变期患者allo-HSCT后5年无病生存率分别为70.7%和34.1%,相关与无关allo-HSCT后无病生存期存在差异(P<0.05)。结论 allo-HSCT对CML患者,尤其是移植前慢性期患者具有较高的临床治愈率;CsA+MTX+MMF+ATG四联预防无关allo-HSCT中GVHD能降低移植后GVHD的发生率及程度;采用净化骨髓自体移植能延长CML患者生存期,甚至少部分患者可获得临床治愈。     

HLA配型不合情况下造血干细胞移植的新方法

目的:采用新方法进行非体外去除T细胞的人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen, HLA)配型不合造血干细胞移植.方法:58例血液恶性肿瘤患者,33例为高危或难治复发白血病,接受了至少一个HLA位点不合的家庭供者造血干细胞移植.移植物为经粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte clony-stimulating factor, G-CSF)动员的骨髓以及外周血造血干细胞,而无需体外去除T细胞.移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host-disease, GVHD)预防采用环孢菌素A 霉酚酸酯 短程甲氨喋呤方案.结果:所有患者均获得持久、完全供者植入.58例患者中发生Ⅱ度及以上急性GVHD 22例(37.9%),其中Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度急性GVHD分别为2例和1例,其严重程度与HLA不合程度无相关;42例可评估患者中,慢性GVHD为26例(61.9%),广泛型和局限型分别为11例和15例.复发9例,除1例外均为复发、难治白血病患者.死亡14例,其中7例死于疾病复发,另7例死于移植相关合并症,其中严重感染和间质性肺炎各2例,巨细胞病毒性脑炎、病毒型肝炎和急性GVHD死亡各1例.中位随访10月(2～37.5月),58例患者中42例无病存活(disease-free survival, DFS),高危患者2年DFS明显低于标危患者,分别为63.2%和77.6%(P= 0.04).DFS与供受者间HLA配型不合程度、急性GVHD严重程度及回输干细胞数量无关.结论:(1)无需体外去除T细胞的新方法可克服HLA屏障、安全有效地用于HLA不合的移植;(2)G-CSF动员的外周血干细胞可安全用于HLA不合的造血干细胞移植.     

35例异基因造血干细胞移植患者死因分析

目的：分析异基因造血干细胞移植术后患者不同的死亡原因,对影响移植术后患者长期生存的不利因素进行探讨。方法采用经典改良白消安／环磷酰胺（Bu／Cy ）为基础的预处理方案,配合经动员的骨髓和（或）外周血造血干细胞输注,辅以预防感染、控制移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）等治疗,并观察造血干细胞移植治疗期间及随访过程中发生死亡的患者,进行死亡原因的回顾性分析。结果35例死亡患者中,11例疾病复发,15例严重感染（其中9例合并GV HD ,Ⅰ～Ⅱ度GV HD3例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度GV HD者6例）,2例造血功能衰竭,2例颅内出血,1例肺水肿,1例猝死,1例严重肠道GV HD ,1例疾病进展,1例溶血危象。移植后100 d内移植相关病死率为5．7％,移植后100 d至1年内移植相关病死率为8．1％,3年病死率为16．2％,5年病死率为16．7％。结论感染、GV HD和疾病复发是造血干细胞移植术后患者的最常见死因。移植后1年内容易发生致命性的感染,且感染常常合并GVHD ,恶性血液病患者合并慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）复发率较低。     

A novel approach to human leukocyte antigen-mismatched transplantation in patients with malignant hematological disease

Background Many patients requiring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) do not have an human Ioukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor. Alternative donors, such as HLA mismatched family donors, are associated with higher rates of graft rejection and acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) if T cells are not first depleted. We developed a new technique for HLA mismatched allogeneic HSCT using G-CSF primed bone marrow plus G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells without ex vivo T cell depletion.Methods In this study, 58 patients, including 33 with high-risk or advanced leukemia, were transplanted with cells from an HLA-haploidentical family donor with 1-3 mismatched loci. After conditioning, patients received G-CSF-primed bone marrow grafts that had not been depleted ex vivo of T cells, in combination with G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells, as well as GVHD prophylaxis.Result All patients achieved sustained, full donor-type engraftment. The incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD was 37. 9%, including 3 patients with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD. The development of aGVHD was not associated with the extent of HLA disparity. Chronic GVHD was observed in 30 of 51 evaluable patients (65.4%). Fourteen patients died among whom 7 died of recurrent disease and 7 of transplant-related complications. Forty-four of the 58 patients survived, and 42 remained disease free at the time of a median follow-up of 12 months (3. 5 to 39. 5 months). The 2-year probabilities of disease-free survival were 74. 8% and 69. 3% for standard- and high-risk patients, respectively.Conclusion We developed a new method to use bone marrow from haploidentical family donors without ex vivo T cell depletion, in combination with G-PBSCs, as a source of stem cells even in cases of HLA mismatched transplantation.     

Graft-versus-leukemia effects from donor lymphocyte infusion after nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice

Background Nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been used since the 1990s as a new hematological stem cell transplantation strategy for treating hematological diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) after nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantations, while assessing the declines in treatment-associated morbidity, mortality, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).Methods A total of 615 (H-2k) mice were injected with L615 tumor cells and received 500 cGy (60Coγ-ray) irradiation three days later, followed by an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). The allo-grafts consisted of 3×10（7） bone marrow cells and 1×10（7） spleen cells from BALB/C (H-2d) donor mice. Two days after the allo-BMT, the recipient mice were given 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. Subsequently, recipient mice were infused with either donor spleen cells ［2×10（7）］ on day 14 or 21, or donor spleen cells ［5×10（7）］ pretreated with hydrocortisone and cyclosporin A (CsA) in vitro on day 14 post-BMT.Results The median survival time of mice that received DLI on day 21 and pretreated DLI on day 14 post-BMT was longer than that of controls and the day 14 DLI group (P&lt;0.01). No evidence of severe GVHD was observed in the day 21 DLI group nor in the day 14 treated DLI group. Mixed chimerism was confirmed in the day 14 DLI group, the day 14 treated DLI group, and the day 21 DLI group on the thirteenth day post-transplantation; full donor chimerism was observed two weeks after DLI.Conclusion Donor lymphocyte infusion after nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation may reduce transplantation-associated morbidity and mortality while strengthening graft-versus-leukemia effects.     

异基因外周血干细胞移植治疗高危白血病

目的　探讨异基因外周血干细胞移植(allo-PBSCT)治疗高危白血病的疗效。方法　25例高危白血病患者,中位年龄34（5.5～52）岁,接受了HLA配型相合同胞供者外周血干细胞移植,其中急性白血病（AL）15例,（第一次完全缓解1例,为Ph染色体阳性,第二次及以上完全缓解期7例,复发7例,包括2例异基因骨髓移植(BMT)后复发;慢性粒细胞性白血病（CML）4例;（第2次慢性期、加速期、急变期、BMT后复发各1例）;骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)6例,移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）预防方案采用经典环孢霉素（CsA）加氨甲蝶呤（MTX）。结果　所有患者均植活,中性粒细胞数恢复至≥0.5×109/L和血小板数≥20×109/L的中位时间分别为移植后14(10～18) d和11（7～45） d。发生II度及以上急性GVHD13例,包括1例III度GVHD,未发生IV度急性GVHD。23例可评估患者中16例(70%)诊断慢性GVHD。移植相关死亡率为16%,复发6例,4例经回输供者淋巴细胞获得再次缓解。19例患者无病存活,中位随访时间为304（94～1 963） d。2年总生存率、无病生存率及复发率分别为64%、58%及25%。结论　allo-PBSCT可治疗高危白血病患者,降低移植后复发率,延长无病生存。对有高危因素的血液系统恶性肿瘤患者,选择PBSCT替代骨髓移植更有优势。     

Long-term outcomes in adults with leukemia treated with transplantation of two unrelated umbilical cord blood units

Background  Wide application of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in adult patients is limited by low cell-dose available in one umbilical cord blood (UCB) unit. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and long-term outcomes of UCBT from unrelated donors in adult and adolescent patients with leukemia.

Methods  Thirteen patients with leukemia received double-unit UCBT with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatched at 0–2 loci. We analyzed the engraftment, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and survival.

Results  Twelve evaluable patients (92.3%) had neutrophil and platelet engraftment at a median of 21 days (range, 16–38 days) and 34 days (range, 25–51 days), respectively. At day 30, engraftment was derived from one donor in 8 patients (66.7%, 95% CI 40.0%–93.4%), and from both donors in 4 patients (33.3%, 95% CI 6.7%–60.0%) with 1 unit predominated. Unit with larger nucleated cell (NC) dose would predominate in engraftment (P=0.039), whereas CD34⁺ cell dose or HLA-match failed to demonstrate any relationship with unit predominance. Only one patient developed grade II acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was observed in 2 of 11 patients who survived more than 100 days, and both were limited. The median follow-up after transplantation for the 13 patients was 45 months (range 1.5–121.0 months) and 72 months (range 41.0–121.0 months) for the 8 alive and with full donor chimerism. The 5-year cumulative disease free survival (DFS) was (61.5±13.5)%. Of the 13 patients, 5 patients died in 1 year and 1-year transplantation related mortality (TRM) was 23.1% (95% CI 0.2%–46.0%).

Conclusion  Double-unit UCBT from unrelated donors with HLA-mismatched at 0–2 loci may overcome the cell-dose barrier and be feasible for adults and adolescents with leukemia.

     

异基因造血干细胞移植后慢性移植物抗宿主病危险因素分析

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植后慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)的发生及其危险因素。方法总结1997年11月至2005年1月治疗的96例患者临床资料,分析了受者年龄、供受者性别、疾病种类、状态、病程、干细胞来源、HLA配型、预处理方案(是否全身照射)、回输细胞数量、移植早期感染、是否发生过急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)等因素与cGVHD发生的关系。结果36例患者发生了cGVHD,发生率为44.4%。发生局限型cGVHD的19例患者的5年生存率为18/19(94.7%),发生广泛型cGVHD的17例患者5年生存率为8/17(47.1%)。两者比较差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。单因素分析显示:供受者性别、疾病种类、状态、病程,干细胞来源、预处理方案(是否全身照射)、回输细胞数量、移植早期感染均与cGVHD的发生无显著相关性(P>0.05)。多因素分析(logistic回归)确定HLA配型不合(RR=2.17,P<0.01)、发生过aGVHD(RR=2.91,P<0.01)是发生cGVHD的主要危险因素。单因素分析显示:受者年龄越大,cGVHD发病危险性越高(P<0.05)。结论HLA配型不合及发生过aGVHD、受者年龄较大是与cGVHD发生相关的危险因素。     

高剂量化疗联合自体造血干细胞移植治疗复发和高危乳腺癌

目的 探讨高剂量化疗（ＨＤＣ）联合自体造血干细胞移植（ＡＨＳＣＴ）治疗复发和高危乳腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法 对１３例复发和高危乳腺癌患者进行了ＨＤＣ联合ＡＨＳＣＴ治疗,其中７例为既往治疗失败的复发转移患者,２例 姑息性乳房切除术后的Ⅳ期患者,４例为根治性乳房切除术后淋巴结转移１０个以上的Ⅱ,Ⅲ期患者。４例进行自体骨髓移植,６例作了自体外周血干细胞移植。     

叶酸预防异基因造血干细胞移植术中甲氨蝶呤引起的口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效

目的观察叶酸（FA）预防白血病患者异基因造血干细胞移植（Allo—HSCT）术中甲氨蝶呤（MTX）引起的口腔黏膜炎（OM）的临床疗效。方法103例白血病患者从2003年6月至2008年12月在我科接受了白细胞抗原（HLA）同胞全相合Allo—HSCT,采用的预处理方案均为静脉用马利兰联合环磷酰胺,预防急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）的方案也相同为：环孢素A2．5mg／（kg·d）,静脉滴注,移植前7d开始联合吗替麦考酚酯0．25g,口服,每日2次和MTX（10mg／m^2,静脉滴注,＋1d、＋3d、＋6d、＋11d）。将所有患者分为对照组（49例）和观察组（54例）两组：观察组患者在每次MTX应用后24h,应用FA（15mg／m^2）;对照纽不用FA。观察两纽患者在中性粒细胞获得临床造血前OM的发生情况及干细胞回输100d内aGVHD的发生情况。结果在中性粒细胞获得临床造血前,对照组有33例发生OM、发生率为67．3％,而观察组只有14例发生OM,发生率为25．9％,两组之间OM的发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;干细胞回输100d内,对照组有17例出现aGVHD、发生率为34．6％,观察组有16例,发生率为30．1％．两组之间aGVHD的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论叶酸可显著降低Allo—HSCT术中OM的发生率,同时并不增加aGVHD的发生,所以临床上用其来预防MTX引起的OM安全、有效。