胼酞嗪对眼血流和激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管及体外培养的内皮细胞的影响

目的：研究胼酞嗪对兔脉络膜血流和激光诱导的鼠脉络膜新生血管及人脐静脉内皮细胞管状结构形成的影响。方法：雌性新西兰白兔左眼眼内压升高至40mmHg后，滴入10g／L胼酞嗪滴眼液，采用彩色微球技术测量眼血流变化。用Nd：YAG激光诱导雄性BrownNorway大鼠至Bruch膜破裂，而后分别予生理盐水或5，10和20g/L胼酞嗪滴眼液点眼，3次／d，连续4wk。采用眼底荧光血管造影和脉络膜平片测量新生血管的面积。此外亦用不同浓度的胼酞嗪作用于培养之人脐静脉内皮细胞并探讨对其管状结构形成的影响。结果：10g／L胼酞嗪滴眼液滴入眼内压为40mmHg的兔眼30，60min后，脉络膜血流明显增加。眼底荧光血管造影和脉络膜平片测量均显示，经过4wk药物治疗，5，10，20g／L胼酞嗪滴眼液均明显抑制了鼠眼CNV的形成。3—30mg／L胼酞嗪对在基质凝胶中培养了48h的人脐静脉内皮细胞的管状结构的形成有抑制作用。结论：胼酞嗪可以抑制体内脉络膜新生血管及体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞管状结构的形成，并增强缺血后的兔脉络膜血流。胼酞嗪有望成为治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性的药物。     

Naringenin在碘酸钠诱导的视网膜色素上皮细胞变性和激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管鼠模型中的作用

目的:研究naringenin滴眼对碘酸钠诱导的大鼠视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)变性以及对激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)的作用。方法:10g/Lnaringenin滴眼液预先处理1wk(3次/d),1wk后予35mg/kg碘酸钠舌下静脉注射诱导大鼠RPE变性,在2wk和4wk末,视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)测量C波。另预处理1wk(3次/d),在2wk和4wk末用荧光素血管造影(fluorescein angiography,FA)和荧光显微镜测量CNV面积。结果:碘酸钠注射后2wk,碘酸钠组ERG的C波下降至对照组的53%(P<0.01)。而naringenin+碘酸钠组则无明显变化。4wk后,碘酸钠组下降至对照组的37%(P<0.01),而naringenin+碘酸钠组下降至对照组的57%(P<0.01)。与碘酸钠组比较,naringenin+碘酸钠组控制了66%的C波下降(P<0.05)。35mg/kgnaringenin组FA测量的CNV面积2,4wk末分别是对照组的53%和49%(P<0.01)。4wk后naringenin组荧光显微镜测量的CNV面积是对照组的47%(P<0.01)。结论:10g/Lnaringenin可以显著保护碘酸钠诱导的RPE变性,也能减小CNV的形成。     

Effect of naringenin on NaIO3-induced retinal pigment epithelium degeneration and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in rats

AIM: To study the effects of naringenin eye drops on NaIO3-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rat eyes. · METHODS: The 35mg/kg NaIO3-induced RPE degeneration was prevented by 10g/L naringenin eye drops 3 times a day for 7 days in advance of NaIO3 injection, and then 2 to 4 weeks thereafter, RPE function was measured with C-wave of electroretinogram (ERG). The laser-induced CNV rats were treated with laser to break the Bruch's membrane and the CNV formation was prevented by 10g/L naringenin eye drops instilled 3 times a day for 2 to 4 weeks. The CNV formation was measured with fluorescein angiography (FA) and flat mount. · RESULTS: Two weeks after NaIO3 injection, the amplitude of ERG C-wave fell markedly in NaIO3 group to 53% of normal group (P <0.01). No apparent difference was observed in naringenin+NaIO3 group. Four weeks later, the NaIO3 group fell to 37% of normal group (P <0.01), while the naringenin+ NaIO3 group fell to only 57% of normal group (P <0.01). There was a 52% reversal of the ERG C-wave by naringenin as compared to NaIO3 treated group (P <0.05). Two weeks and four weeks after laser treatment, naringenin reduced the CNV formation to 53% and 49% of control group (100%) measured by FA (P <0.01). Four weeks after laser treatment, naringenin reduced the CNV formation by 47% as compared to control group measured with flat mount(P <0.01). · CONCLUSION: Naringenin can significantly protect RPE from NaIO3 induced degeneration and also prevent CNV formation.     

Naringenin在碘酸钠诱导的视网膜色素上皮细胞变性和激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管鼠模型中的作用

目的：研究naringenin滴眼对碘酸钠诱导的大鼠视网模色素上皮（retinal pigment epithelium,RPE）变性以及对激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascularization,CNV）的作用。方法：10g/L naringenin滴眼液预先处理1wk（3次／d）,1wk后予35mg／kg碘酸钠舌下静脉注射诱导大鼠RPE变性,在2wk和4wk末,视网膜电图（electroretinogram,ERG）测量C波。另预处理1wk（3次／d）,在2wk和4wk末用荧光素血管造影（fluoreseein angiography,FA）和荧光显微镜测量CNV面积。结果：碘酸钠注射后2wk,碘酸钠组ERG的C波下降至对照组的53％（P〈0．01）。而naringenin＋碘酸钠组则无明显变化。4wk后,碘酸钠组下降至对照组的37％（P〈0．01）,而naringenin＋碘酸钠组下降至对照组的57％（P〈0．01）。与碘酸钠组比较,naringenin＋碘酸钠组控制了66％的C波下降（P〈0．05）。35mg／kg naringenin组FA测量的CNV面积2,4wk末分别是对照组的53％和49％（P〈0．01）。4wk后naringenin组荧光显微镜测量的CNV面积是对照组的47％（P〈0．01）。结论：10g/L naringenin可以显著保护碘酸钠诱导的RPE变性,也能减小CNV的形成。     

Z,E-butlidedephthalide对大鼠脉络膜新生血管和兔眼血流的影响

目的:研究Z,E-butylidedephthalide(Bdph)对激光诱导的大鼠脉络膜新生血管(CNV)和兔眼脉络膜血流的影响.方法:雄性Brown Norway大鼠行Nd:YAG激光诱导眼底Bruch膜破裂,而后分别予30 mg/kg和15 mg/kg Bdph 1 次/d腹腔注射,连续4 wk.2 wk及4 wk末行眼底荧光血管造影检查.4 wk末制作脉络膜平片测量新生血管的面积.用1 g/L Z,E-butylidenephthalide给雌性新西兰大白兔点眼,采用彩色微球技术测量大白兔眼部血流的变化.结果:和对照组相比,Bdph 30 mg/kg和15 mg/kg组大鼠眼底血管荧光渗漏明显减少,P＜0.01;在此两组中,眼底荧光血管造影测定的新生血管面积以及脉络膜平片测定的新生血管面积都比对照组减少.10 g/L Z,E-butylideneph-thalide滴入兔眼30和60 min后脉络膜血流均比对照组增加,P＜0.05.结论:Z,E-butylidedephthalide可以抑制大鼠脉络膜新生血管的生长,增强兔眼脉络膜血流,可能成为治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性的新药.     

Effect of Z,E-butylidedephthalide on experimental choroidal neovascularization in rat and ocular blood flow in rabbits

To investigate the effect of Z,E-butylidedephthalide (Bdph)on laser-induced experimental choroidal neovasculari- zation (CNV) in rat model and choroid blood flow in rabbits' eyes. · METHODS: Male Brown Norway rats were treated with Nd:YAG laser to break Bruch's membrane. 30mg/kg and 15mg/kg Bdph were given daily through intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks after laser treatment. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and choroidal flat mount were used to measure the development of CNV. Female New Zealand white rabbits' eyes were instilled with 10g/L Z,E-BdPh solution, and ocular blood flow was measured with colored microsphere technique. · RESULTS: The intensity of fluorescein leakage, indicating the ocular lesion, decreased significantly in group Bdph 30mg/kg and 15mg/kg, as compared to the control at P <0.01. The area of neovascularization checked by FA in both groups of Bdph, at 30mg/kg and 15mg/kg decreased significantly compared to the control group at P <0.05. On the choroid flat mount, the areas of CNV were also smaller in both Bdph groups than that in control group. One percent drug solution instilled into rabbits' eyes could improve the choroid blood flow at 30 and 60 minutes after drug instillation (P <0.05). · CONCLUSION: Z,E-butylidedephthalide can inhibit the development of CNV in the rat eyes and increase the choroid blood flow in the rabbit eyes. These results suggest that Z,E-butylidedephthalide may be a good agent for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).     

黄酮对眼部血流量和脉络膜新生血管的作用

目的:观察黄酮对兔眼部血流量和大鼠脉络膜新生血管(CNV)的作用。方法:在体研究中,我们采用彩色微球技术测定黄酮对兔眼部血流量的影响。预先给予5g/L黄酮滴眼液(3次/d),1wk后用激光诱导大鼠CNV的生成,在2和4wk末,采用荧光血管造影(FA)测量CNV面积。离体研究中,采用MTT法检测黄酮对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)存活率的影响。结果:黄酮显著的增加了兔眼部血流量,抑制了由激光诱导的CNV的生成。离体研究结果表明,黄酮抑制了HU-VEC的增生。结论:黄酮能够增加眼部血流量,并且抑制CNV的生成。     

Effects of naringenin on ocular blood flow and choroidal neovascularization in experimental animals

AIM: To investigate the effects of naringenin on laser- induced experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rat models, ocular blood flow and retinal function recovery after ischemic insults in rat eyes. METHODS: Male Brown Norway rats were treated to break the Bruch's membrane. Naringenin 10g/L (20mg/kg) was given once per day through intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks after laser treatment. The development of CNV was determined by fluorescein angiography (FA) performed on week 2 and 4. The colored microsphere technique and electroretinography method were used for the study of ocular blood flow and retinal function recovery, respectively. RESULTS: The choroidal blood flow in elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) rabbit eyes was significantly increased by 10g/L naringenin solution as compared to control group (P < 0.05). The retinal function recovery after ischemic insults in rat eyes indicated significant increase of b-wave recovery in treated group, as compared to control group (P <0.05). The intensity of fluorescein leakage from the photocoagulated lesions significantly decreased in treated group, compared to the control group (75.8%-95.0%, P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Naringenin could prevent the development of CNV on laser-induced experimental rat models, increase the choroidal blood flow in elevated IOP rabbit eyes and be beneficial on retinal function recovery in ischemic rat eyes.     

异构体(R,R)-XY和(S,S)-XY对兔眼血流的影响(英文)

目的:研究两组异构体(R,R)-XY-1到(R,R)-XY-12以及(S,S)-XY-1到(S,S)-XY-12对兔眼血流的影响。方法:用彩色微球技术测量兔眼在高眼压下(40mmHg)各组织的血流情况。结果:12个(R,R)-XY化合物以10g/L,50μL的剂量滴入兔眼,其中4个化合物可提高脉络膜血流。所有(S,S)-XY系列的化合物对兔眼血流没有影响。结论:(R,R)-XY系列中一些化合物可以增加兔眼血流,这些可能对眼部血流降低相关疾病的防治有作用。在24个化合物中,(R,R)-XY-1和(R,R)-XY-9最有药效。     

异构体（R，R）-XY和（S，S）-XY对兔眼血流的影响

目的：研究两组异构体（R，R）-XY-1到（R，R）-XY-12以及（S，S）-XY-1到（S，S）-XY-12对兔眼血流的影响。 方法：用彩色微球技术测量兔眼在高眼压下（40mmHg）各组织的血流情况。 结果：12个（R，R）-XY化合物以10g／L，50μL的剂量滴入兔眼，其中4个化合物可提高脉络膜血流。所有（S，S）-XY系列的化合物对兔眼血流没有影响。 结论：（R，R）-XY系列中一些化合物可以增加兔眼血流，这些可能对眼部血流降低相关疾病的防治有作用。在24个化合物中，（R，R）-XY-1和（R，R）-XY-9最有药效。     

Effectof d-tiｍolol and l-tiｍololon rat experiｍental choroidal neovasculariｚation in vivo and endothelial cells in vitro

ImPairmentof choroidal Perfusion was found in age-related macular degeneration(AMD) Patients. We Postulatedthat vasoactive agents, which can reduce choroidal blood flow resistance, might Preventthe develoPmentof choroidal neovascularization (CNV). D-Timolol and L-Timolol are hyPotensive agents used in cardiovascular and glaucomatheraPy.their effectson laser-induced exPerimental CNV rat model and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) werethus evaluated. ·METHODS: Male Brown Norway rats were anesthetizedto receive Nd:YAG laserto breakthe Bruch's membrane. D-Timolol and L-Timolol were givenonce dailythrough intraPeritoneal injection after lasertreatment for 4 weeks. Fluorescein angiograPhy(FA) was Performedon 2 weeks and 4 weeks. HUVEC weretested by Proliferation assay and adhesion assay with D-Timolol and L-Timolol at different concentrations. ·RESULTS: D-Timolol reducedthe fluorescein leakageto 83%ofthe control grouP in laser-induced rat's CNV model at a dosageof 15mg/(kg·d). L-Timolol had no effecton CNV formation even at a higher dosageof 20mg/(kg·d). D-Timolol inhibitedthe endothelial cells Proliferation significantly by 300mg/L. L-Timolol also significantly inhibitedthe cell Proliferation at 1 000mg/L. But at a lower dose such as 300mg/L, no significant inhibitory effect was found. Both drugs showed no effecton cell adhesion function in cell culture exPeriments. ·CONCLUSION: D-Timolol was foundto Prevent CNV develoPment in laser-induced model in vivo and inhibit vascular endothelial cells Proliferation in vitro . L-Timolol had no effecton cell Proliferation atthe same dose, and neitheron rat CNV model.the results indicatethesetwo isomers have different functionson rat's CNV Prevention andon HUVEC cell Proliferation.     

D-Timolol和L-Timolol对大鼠脉络膜新生血管及内皮细胞的作用

目的:老年黄斑变性患者存在脉络膜血流灌注障碍.据此,我们推测血管活性药物,由于能减小脉络膜血流的阻力,可能会防止脉络膜新生血管的发展.D-Timolol和L-timolol是应用于心血管和青光眼治疗的降血压药物.本文旨在评价二者对激光诱发的大鼠脉络膜新生血管模型和人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的作用.方法:雄性Brown Norway大鼠,麻醉下行Nd:YAG激光击穿Bruch膜.激光后,予D-Timo lo l和L-Timolol每日一次腹腔注射4wk.2wk末及4wk末时行荧光造影检查.观察不同浓度D-Timolol和L-Timolol对体外培养的HUVEC细胞增殖和黏附的影响.结果:在激光诱发的大鼠脉络膜新生血管模型中,予D-Timolol腹腔注射1 5mg/(Kg·d),可减少荧光渗漏的位点,至对照组的83%.而L-Timolol对脉络膜新生血管的形成没有影响,即使注射更高的治疗剂量20mg/(kg·d).D-Timolol 300mg/L可抑制内皮细胞的生长.L-Timolol在1 000mg/L可以显著抑制细胞的增殖,但在相对低的浓度300mg/L,则没有发现明显的抑制作用.在HUVEC细胞黏附的观察中,两者均未有显著的影响.结论:D-Timolol可减少激光诱发的脉络膜新生血管的形成,也能抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖.而L-Timolol在同样的浓度不影响内皮细胞的增殖,也不能影响大鼠脉络膜新生血管的形成.这两种同分异构体对动物模型和培养细胞的不同作用,可能对探索脉络膜新生血管的治疗有新的意义.     

Validation of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry for retinal blood flow measurements in animal models

PURPOSE: To evaluate the validity of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry in retinal blood flow measurement in vivo using rabbit and monkey eyes and the microsphere technique. METHODS: A commercially available scanning laser Doppler flowmeter (SLDF), pigmented rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys were used. In rabbits, SLDF measurements at a retinal field approximately one papillary diameter away from the optic nerve head where discrete retinal vessels were not visible (vascularized medullary field) were compared with those at a field approximately one papillary diameter below the ONH (nonvascularized extramedullary field). The effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) on SLDF measurements was studied by elevating the IOP manometrically in both rabbit and monkey eyes. Retinal and choroidal blood flow measurements using the microsphere technique and an SLDF measurements were performed simultaneously in the same rabbit eye before and 30 min after 0.3 mg/kg intravenous injection of lomerizine, a calcium antagonist, or intravitreal injection of 20 microl of 10(-6) M endothelin-1. RESULTS: The blood flow measurement with an SLDF (SLDF flow) obtained from the medullary field in rabbits were 304 +/- 63 in an arbitrary unit (n = 24), while 392 +/- 39 in the extramedullary field. SLDF flow did not significantly changed by changes in IOP when it was below 50 mmHg, significantly decreasing with IOP elevation above that level in rabbits and a similar tendency was also seen in monkeys. It showed a significant correlation with retinal blood flow measured by the microsphere technique (r = 0.596, P < 0.0001) in rabbits; no correlation was found with the choroidal blood flow rate (r = 0.021, P > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: SLDF measurements is thought to mainly reflect retinal circulation in rabbits and monkeys.     

眼调节对葡萄膜巩膜房水外流途径影响的形态学观察

目的　通过形态学观察探讨眼调节对葡萄膜巩膜房水外流途径的影响。方法　14只健康日本大耳白兔,10只（20眼）用于荧光显微镜观察,4只（8眼）用于光镜观察,按用药方法不同各分为调节状态组和非调节状态组。所有白兔双眼分别采用5 g·L^-1硝酸毛果芸香碱滴眼液和10 g·L^-1盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液模拟眼调节态和非调节态,测量滴眼前及末次滴眼后30 min的眼压,于滴眼后30 min将5 μL异硫氰酸荧光素标记牛血清白蛋白（FITC-BSA）注入前房,于前房注射后0.5 h、1.5 h、2.5 h、3.5 h、4.5 h各处死2只白兔,摘取双眼作冰冻切片,于荧光显微镜下观察调节态和非调节态葡萄膜巩膜途径的房水荧光强度及其分布形态;于滴眼后30 min处死4只白兔,摘取双眼通过HE染色和抗平滑肌抗体染色在普通光镜下观察兔眼睫状肌形态、肌间隙。结果　调节状态组基线眼压（19.13±1.75）mmHg（1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),毛果芸香碱模拟眼调节后眼压下降,滴眼后眼压为（16.56±1.67）mmHg,差异有统计学意义（t=9.37,P=0.00)。调节状态组睫状体、脉络膜上腔和前巩膜荧光强度较非调节状态组均显著减弱（均为P<0.05）,而两组间后巩膜、脉络膜差异均无统计学意义（均为P＞0.05）。光镜观察见非调节状态组放射肌区域有明显肌间隙,而在调节状态组未发现此间隙。结论　眼调节可通过收缩睫状肌从而减少房水从葡萄膜巩膜房水外流道排出。     

辰泽滴眼液在激光虹膜周切术中的应用

目的 评价辰泽滴眼液在激光虹膜周切术中的临床应用价值。方法 选择86例（172眼）双眼进行Nd：YAG激光虹膜周切术的患者,在激光治疗前1h滴2％毛果芸香碱滴眼液两次后,分为两组,一眼加滴辰泽滴眼液1滴,在激光手术完成后即刻再次滴入辰泽滴眼液一滴,另一眼不用辰泽滴眼液。术后1h测量双眼的眼压,第二天复诊时观察虹膜周切口的情况并再次测量眼压,术后一周复诊观察虹膜周切口的情况并再次测量眼压。如眼压升高大于22 mm Hg需进行降眼压治疗。结果 辰泽滴眼液能良好的控制行激光虹膜周切术后患者的眼压,仅有5只眼(5.81％)应用辰泽滴眼液患者的眼压略高于22 mm Hg,未予降眼压治疗;而未应用辰泽滴眼液的患眼眼压升高达48只眼(55.81％),术后1h眼压测量比较,所有应用辰泽滴眼液的术眼的眼压升高远较对侧眼为低,且辰泽滴眼液也能较好地改善滴用毛果芸香碱滴眼液后球结膜充血。结论 辰泽滴眼液在激光虹膜周切术中能明显减轻手术副反应,降眼压效果确切,建议临床中推广应用。     

Effect of flavone on the ocular blood flow and formation of choroidal neovascularization

AIM: To investigate the effect of flavone on ocular blood flow in rabbit eyes and the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rat model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: In in vivo studies, colored microsphere technique was used to determine the ocular blood flow in ocular hypertensive rabbit eyes. The rat eyes were treated with 0.5% flavone eye drops 3 times a day for 1 week before and 4 weeks after laser-induced injury of Bruch's membrane. The development of CNV was determined by fluorescein angiography (FA) performed on the 2nd and 4th after injury. In in vitro studies, the effect of flavone on the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVECs was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: The ocular blood flow in rabbit eyes was significantly increased after flavone instillation. Flavone significantly inhibited the formation of laser induced CNV. In vitro results showed that flavone inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs. CONCLUSION: Flavone could increase ocular blood flow and inhibit the formation of CNV.     

重组人kringle 5蛋白滴眼液抑制兔角膜新生血管的研究

目的　观察重组人kringle 5 (K 5蛋白 )滴眼液抑制碱烧伤诱导的兔角膜新生血管(neovascularization ,NV)的效果 ,探讨其作用机制。方法　采用基因重组方法获得K 5蛋白 ,取新西兰白兔 4 0只 ,将浸有 1mol/L氢氧化钠滤纸片置于兔角膜中央 ,制成碱烧伤模型 ,随机均分为A、B、C及D组 ,每组 10只兔 (10只眼 ) ,伤后即分别滴用 5、10及 2 0mg/L的K 5蛋白滴眼液 ,对照 (D)组滴载体溶液 ;均每日 4次 ,共滴 2 8d。裂隙灯显微镜下观察角膜NV生长情况 ,并计算其面积 ,伤后 2 8d处死实验兔 (A、B及C组 ) ,取其角膜片做组织病理学检查。结果　伤后A、B、C及D组角膜NV开始出现的时间分别为 (3 4± 0 5 )d、(6 8± 0 4 )d、(6 7± 0 7)d及 (3 7± 0 5 )d ,其中B组明显较D组延长(P <0 0 5 ) ,而A组与D组间差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。伤后各时间点B及C组角膜NV的生长面积均明显较D组减少 (P <0 0 5 ) ,B与C组角膜NV区面积间比较 ,差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。角膜组织病理学检查 ,D组烧伤区可见大量炎性细胞浸润及角膜NV形成 ,而B及C组角膜炎性反应较轻 ,烧伤区无NV形成。角膜NV区面积与角膜后膜和炎性细胞数均有明显相关性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论重组人K 5蛋白滴眼液可明显抑制碱烧伤引起的角膜NV的生长 ,抑制     

Autoregulation of choroidal blood flow in the rabbit.

Previous studies show that choroidal blood flow is not autoregulated when intraocular pressure (IOP) is increased to raise venous pressure and lower the perfusion pressure gradient. However, the autoregulatory response to changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) is unclear. In the current study, the perfusion pressure gradient (MAP-IOP) was altered by (1) decreasing MAP while IOP was held at 5, 15, and 25 mmHg, and (2) increasing the IOP at the prevailing MAP in anesthetized rabbits (n = 8). An occluder on the thoracic vena cava was used to vary MAP; this was monitored through an ear artery catheter. Two catheters were inserted in the vitreous to monitor and control IOP. Choroidal blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry using a slender stainless-steel probe positioned next to the retinal surface. The efficacy of autoregulation depended on the IOP. When IOP was held constant at 5 mmHg, choroidal blood flow did not fall until the perfusion pressure gradient was less than 40 mmHg. The pressure-flow relationship became progressively more linear (ie, the efficacy of autoregulation decreased) when the IOP was held constant at 15 and 25 mmHg. When IOP was varied and MAP was held constant, the pressure-flow relationship was linear at IOPs greater than 20-25 mmHg. However, choroidal blood flow was pressure independent when the IOP was less than 20-25 mmHg. Simultations using a myogenic mathematic model of the choroid gave results similar to the experimental observations. It was concluded that a myogenic mechanism may be responsible for the autoregulation of choroidal blood flow in the rabbit.     

Time dependent effects of sympathetic denervation on aqueous humor dynamics and choroidal blood flow in rabbits

PURPOSE: This study investigates the time-dependent effects of superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) on aqueous humor dynamics and ocular blood flow in rabbits. METHODS: Measurements were made at various times between 24 hours and 12 months after SCGx. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by pneumatonometry, aqueous flow by fluorophotometry and outflow facility by tonography. Uveoscleral outflow was determined by an intracameral tracer infusion technique and blood flow to the choroid was evaluated with fluorescent microspheres. Values in denervated eyes were compared with the contralateral, normally-innervated eyes using a paired Student's two-tailed t-test. RESULTS: At 24 hours after SCGx, IOP in denervated eyes was less than in normally-innervated eyes (14.6 +/- 0.8 vs 20.1 +/- 1.5 mmHg, 27%, p < 0.002). At one month, IOPs were not different between eyes. Compared with normally-innervated eyes at 10-12 months, IOP in denervated eyes was greater (20.4 +/- 0.7 vs 17.2 +/- 0.9 mmHg, 19%, p < 0.001), outflow facility was less (0.15 +/- 0.02 vs 0.21 +/- 0.01 microl/min/mmHg, 29%, p < 0.01) and blood flow to the choroid was less (12.1 +/- 5.0 vs 16.2 +/- 6.0 ml/min/gm tissue, 25%, p < 0.05). Aqueous humor flow was not significantly altered by SCGx at any time. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in IOP at 24 hours after SCGx was not due to any change in aqueous flow or uveoscleral outflow (current study) but rather to an increase in outflow facility (previous studies). At 10-12 months, IOP was elevated because outflow facility was significantly reduced. The reduction in choroidal blood flow at 10-12 months may have occurred because of the increased IOP.     

国产与进口拉坦前列素滴眼液降眼压作用的短期效果比较

目的 比较国产与进口拉坦前列素滴眼液的短期降眼压效果。设计 随机、开放、平行对照的临床研究。 研究对象  原发性开角型青光眼患者和高眼压症患者42例。方法 对上述患者按所用药物的不同依随机表法分为A、B两组。A组28例（28眼）,滴用国产拉坦前列素滴眼液（特力洁）,B组14例（14眼）,滴用进口拉坦前列素滴眼液（适利达）,均为每日1次,每次1滴,共28天。受试者于入组当日及用药后第28天8:00、11:00、14:00、16:00测眼压,第7、14、21天则于8:00测眼压。眼压测量采用Goldmann压平眼压计,测量3次取平均值。裂隙灯显微镜观察角膜、虹膜、晶状体情况。主要指标  眼压值。结果 A组用药前眼压为（23.99±1.51）mm Hg, 用药后1～4周眼压分别为（18.04±1.27）mm Hg、（17.75±1.43）mm Hg、（17.63±1.50）mm Hg、（17.49±1.47）mm Hg,用药后眼压明显下降,与用药前相比差异有统计学意义（F=105.72,P=0.000）。B组用药前眼压为（24.37±1.55）mm Hg,用药后1～4周眼压分别为（17.91±1.35）mm Hg、（17.71±1.39）mm Hg、（17.55±1.34）mm Hg、（17.44±1.17）mm Hg,与用药前相比,用药后眼压明显下降,差异有统计学意义（F=67.85 P=0.000）。A、B两组用药前眼压比较无显著性差异（P=0.43）,用药后1～4周两组眼压比较无显著性差异（P值分别为0.76、0.93、0.86、0.89）。入组当日8:00、11:00、14:00、16:00  A、B两组眼压之间的比较无显著性差异（P值分别为0.46、0.44、0.50、0.31）,用药后28天8:00、11:00、14:00、16:00  A、B两组眼压之间的比较无显著性差异（P值分别为0.89、0.85、0.94、0.98）。用药28天时两组患者角膜、虹膜、晶状体均无异常改变。结论  本文的小样本、短期研究显示,国产拉坦前列素与进口拉坦前列素均能有效降低原发性开角型青光眼及高眼压症患者的眼压,两者之间的降眼压效果无显著差异。（眼科, 2012, 21: 111-114）