口腔鳞癌中树突状细胞的免疫组化分析

目的　通过分析口腔鳞癌中浸润性树突状细胞的特征性表型,以探讨其在肿瘤微环境中的功能状态。方法　选择未经任何非手术治疗的初发口腔鳞癌患者标本34例作为实验组,30例口腔正常粘膜组织作为对照组。通过免疫组化技术标记组织中树突状细胞(DC)的CD1a,HLA-DR和CD83抗原,观察两种组织中的DC表达3种抗原的状况,结果进行统计学分析。结果　所有病例均未见明显CD83+DC,但均有CD1a+DC,其在口腔鳞癌组织中的浸润程度低于正常口腔粘膜组织,差异有显著性(P<0·05)。在口腔鳞癌组中有27例癌实质内的DC表达HLA- DR抗原,其HLA-DR的阳性表达率为79·41%。结论　口腔鳞癌组织中的DC,其浸润程度下降并存在功能成熟障碍。     

Distribution of blood group antigens A, B and H in human fetal oral mucosal and odontogenic epithlium

Abstract – The distribution of blood group antigens A, B andH was examinaed in human fetal oral mucosal and olontogenic epithelium. Tissue from 19 fetuses with crown-rump lengths of 57 mm to 189 mm, corresponding to a fertilization age of 10–20 weeks, was included in the study. The distribution of blood group antigens was studied by immunofluorescence methods on tissue sections. Cell membrane bound blood group antigen A or B was demonstrated in the oral mucosal epithelium of 10 fetuses, whereas blood group antigen H was found in all fetuses. All the epithelial cell layers of the tooth germs were devoid of the blood group antigens A,B and H independent of the age of the fetus. The blood group antigens A, B and H were located on the cell membranes of the upper cell layers of the oral epithelium, whereas the basal cells showed no reaction even in the youngest fetuses. Following the differentiation of the epithelial cells, changes were seen in the distribution of the blood group antigens.     

Morsicatio mucosae oris and suctio mucosae oris An analysis of oral mucosal changes due to biting and sucking habits

Abstract— Self-inflicted, conscious, or subconscious oral mucous membrane changes caused by a biting or a sucking habit in 17 patients are presented. The name morsicatio mucosae oris et suctio mucosae oris is proposed for this entity. The biting type lesions are characterized by an irregular flaky desquamation of the epithelial layer intermingled with minute to small erosions. Histologically, this type of lesion is characterized by flattening of the superficial layers of the epithelium with retention of bacteria, presence of large faintly stained "swollen" cells in the upper part of the stratum spinosum and basophilic stained cells just below. This microscopic picture is considered pathognomonic. The sucking-type lesions are characterized by whitish-grayish patches of the mucosa with some degree of chagrination in direct light. Histologically, the lesion is characterized by a compression of all layers of the epithelium. Treatment with an oral screen resulted in cure in 50% of the patients treated. The importance of motivation as part of treatment is emphasized.     

脱细胞组织补片修复口腔黏膜缺损的临床研究

目的:探讨脱细胞组织补片修复口腔黏膜缺损的方法及疗效评价。方法:对197例口腔内软组织缺损患者运用脱细胞的组织补片进行同期修复。对术后的并发症进行追踪,以及修复区域的功能进行评价。对修复术后第7天行常规病理学检测。结果:所有患者的修复均获得成功,组织补片有一定的收缩性,类似于游离皮片的移植,基本满足患者的口腔功能,不影响生存质量。术后第7天病理检测发现手术创面已有基本连续、完整的上皮覆盖,并且形成上皮钉突,但是形成的上皮未见表层角化。固有层可见大量的炎性细胞存在和小血管形成,纤维纤细而疏松。结论:运用脱细胞的组织补片行口腔黏膜缺损修复是一种并发症少、简单易行的、值得推广的修复方法。     

Effects of elevated levels of cyclic AMP on the embryonic chick mandible in vitro

Mandibles were cultured in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 mM) and theophylline (1 mM) and in control medium. Controls differentiated normally but the timing of events differed from that in ovo and feathers did not form. With elevated intracellular cyclic-AMP levels, membrane bone did not form in the earlier stages tested and was inhibited or reduced in older ones; chondrogenesis was inhibited only in young explants (HH stage 20) and, in certain instances, it was enhanced. There was precocious and hyperplastic differentiation of mucous cells within oral epithelium but the aboral epithelium was unchanged.     

Ein Fall Von Albers-Sch$Ounberg'Scher Krankheit (Osteopetrosis) Mit Besonderer R$Uucksicht Auf Die Mundverh$Aultnisse

Following an experimental oro-paranasal communication, the mucous membrane revealed extensive cellular reactions in the different cell layers of the nasolacrimal duct. These cellular reactions as observed histologically were mainly limited to the injured area. However, increased epithelial cell proliferation extended to other areas of the mucosal membrane as revealed by the autoradiographic observations. Fibrosis of the submucosa was a pronounced phenomenon.

The stratified columnar epithelium in an area restricted to the traumatic communication revealed pronounced metaplasia into a non keratinized squamous epithelium.

Due to the limited experimental period (6 hours–14 days) no conclusions were drawn as to the problem if the cellular reactions are reversible or not.     

Distribution of blood group antigens A, B and H in human fetal oral mucosal and odontogenic epithelium

The distribution of blood group antigens A, B and H was examined in human fetal oral mucosal and odontogenic epithelium. Tissue from 19 fetuses with crown-rump lengths of 57 mm to 189 mm, corresponding to a fertilization age of 10-20 weeks, was included in the study. The distribution of blood group antigens was studied by immunofluorescence methods on tissue sections. Cell membrane bound blood group antigen A or B was demonstrated in the oral mucosal epithelium of 10 fetuses whereas blood group antigen H was found in all fetuses. All the epithelial cell layers of the tooth germs were devoid of the blood group antigens A, b and H independent of the age of the fetus. The blood group antigens A, B and H were located on the cell membranes of the upper cell layers of the oral epithelium, whereas the basal cells showed no reaction even in the youngest fetuses. Following the differentiation of the epithelial cells, changes were seen in the distribution of the blood group antigens.     

口腔内癌肿396例临床病理分析

本文通过我院收集的近７年口腔内癌肿３９６例与日本癌学会１９９０年发表的３５０例口腔癌材料对比分析,可以明确看出来源于口腔粘膜被覆上皮的癌瘤占９６％以上,其中以鳞状细胞癌为绝大多数．在来自小涎腺导管上皮的癌瘤中以腺样囊性癌和粘液表皮样癌居多．口腔癌的好发部位以舌占首位,日本的材料中显得更为突出,占５９．４％．在其他部位上,两国材料有较大差异,我们的资料中牙龈癌占第二位,口底癌相对少见,与西方某些国家的统计相近,日本资料中口底癌的发病仅次于舌癌．其发病年龄段均以５０～６９岁间为高发,平均年龄分别为５４．９岁和５９．２岁．在性别方面,资料均显示以男性为多,且所占比例也较接近．本组３９６例中,非上皮源性恶性肿瘤共有８例约占２％,其中口腔粘膜恶性黑色素瘤占半数。     

口腔粘膜扁平苔藓病损中上皮凝集素结合形式的研究

目的 :探索口腔粘膜扁平苔藓病损中上皮凝集素结合形式的改变 ,为其是否为癌前病变这一有争论性问题提供客观依据。方法 :应用ABC法 ,根据生物素标记的凝集素具有与细胞表面及胞浆中的糖基呈特异性结合的特点 ,观察七种凝集素在正常口腔粘膜及口腔扁平苔藓上皮组织中的表达情况。结果 :19例口腔扁平苔藓组织中CONA、DBA的结合形式与正常对照组相似 ,PCA、UEA- 1、SBA、PNA有WGA表现出特殊的结合形式。结论 :口腔扁平苔藓组织中所显示的凝集素特殊的结合形式 ,从细胞表面糖基变化的角度来看 ,不应视为癌前病变。     

Integrin expression in oral hairy leukoplakia and normal tongue epithelium

OBJECTIVE: To describe the expression of integrins in the epithelium of oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) and compare to that of normal lateral tongue epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry to identify integrins (alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 5, alpha 6, alpha v, beta 1) was performed, using a standard biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase technique on five clinically and histologically confirmed frozen biopsy specimens of HL and five normal lateral tongue control tissues. RESULTS: Expression of integrins alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 6, alpha v, beta 1 was seen both in HL epithelium and in normal control tissue. alpha 5 expression was not seen in HL or in control tissue epithelium. alpha 2 and alpha 3 were expressed mainly in the basal and suprabasal layers; alpha 6 expression was most intense on the basal surface of the basal cells, alpha v was expressed in the basal and suprabasal layers with more expression seen in the higher differentiated cell layers than the other integrins. beta 1 expression was seen in the basal and suprabasal layers only. No apparent difference between HL and normal oral mucosa was noted in the staining pattern of the various integrins. CONCLUSION: Integrins alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 6, alpha v, beta 1 are expressed in HL and the expression pattern is not different from that of normal oral mucosa. alpha 5 is not expressed in HL or in normal oral epithelium.     

微波辐射治疗口腔黏膜疾病的临床观察

目的：探讨微波治疗口腔黏膜疾病的临床效果。方法：用WB-100型微波多功能机对362例口腔黏膜病进行治疗,观察近期和远期疗效。结果：虽然不同的黏膜疾病对微波治疗的反应不同。但均取得较好的疗效。结论：微波辐射治疗口腔黏膜疾病是一种有效的方法。     

The clinicopathological analysis of melanoma of the oral mucous membrane

Forty-one cases with melanoma of the oral mucous membrane were studied by clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry. The incidence of the tumor is higher in old males. The mean age of patients is 46.15 years. The ratio of male to female is 2.15: 1. The tumor occurs most commonly in palate (46.34%), followed by gingiva, then lip, buccal and tongue membrane. The oral melanosis had been found in 41.46% of the cases months to years before tumour appeared and 51.22% of cases had concurrent or later-developing melanosis. The epithelium around tumour in 14 cases with pre-existing melanosis was observed. We found that the number of clear cells and s-100 protein positive cells in epithelium increased, and a lot of cells filled with melanin in the lamina propria were found. The result shows that the patients with this preexisting melanosis have higher risk of suffering from malignant melanoma.     

Aktuelle Klassifikation der Präkursorläsionen des oralen Plattenepithelkarzinoms

The WHO classification of oral tumours summarizes the precancerous squamous cell lesions under the term epithelial precursor lesions. For the first time three classification schemas that histologically categorize oral epithelial precursor lesions are used analogously. According to the WHO suggestion of 2005 the traditional schema of grading dysplasia as mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ continues to be used. In addition the concept of intraepithelial neoplasia is introduced as squamous intraepithelial neoplasia I-III. Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia III (SIN III) combines severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The Ljubljana classification of squamous intraepithelial lesions was originally established to grade laryngeal epithelial precancerous lesions. The clear and succinct nomenclature and the simple clinical utility of the Ljubljana classification have also proven to be useful for oral epithelial precursor lesions: squamous cell (simple) hyperplasia; basal/parabasal cell hyperplasia (analogous to mild dysplasia and to SIN I); atypical hyperplasia (analogous to moderate-severe dysplasia and to SIN I-III and is also called risky epithelium); carcinoma in situ (analogous to WHO carcinoma in situ and to SIN III). Atypical hyperplasia (risky epithelium) and carcinoma in situ are defined as lesions requiring either total excision or close clinical monitoring.     

Expression pattern of adhesion molecules in junctional epithelium differs from that in other gingival epithelia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The gingival epithelium is the physiologically important interface between the bacterially colonized gingival sulcus and periodontal soft and mineralized connective tissues, requiring protection from exposure to bacteria and their products. However, of the three epithelia comprising the gingival epithelium, the junctional epithelium has much wider intercellular spaces than the sulcular epithelium and oral gingival epithelium. Hence, the aim of the present study was to characterize the cell adhesion structure in the junctional epithelium compared with the other two epithelia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival epithelia excised at therapeutic flap surgery from patients with periodontitis were examined for expression of adhesion molecules by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: In the oral gingival epithelium and sulcular epithelium, but not in the junctional epithelium, desmoglein 1 and 2 in cell-cell contact sites were more abundant in the upper than the suprabasal layers. E-cadherin, the main transmembranous molecule of adherens junctions, was present in spinous layers of the oral gingival epithelium and sulcular epithelium, but was scarce in the junctional epithelium. In contrast, desmoglein 3 and P-cadherin were present in all layers of the junctional epithelium as well as the oral gingival epithelium and sulcular epithelium. Connexin 43 was clearly localized to spinous layers of the oral gingival epithelium, sulcular epithelium and parts of the junctional epithelium. Claudin-1 and occludin were expressed in the cell membranes of a few superficial layers of the oral gingival epithelium. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that the junctional epithelium contains only a few desmosomes, composed of only desmoglein 3; adherens junctions are probably absent because of defective E-cadherin. Thus, the anchoring junctions connecting junctional epithelium cells are lax, causing widened intercellular spaces. In contrast, the oral gingival epithelium, which has a few tight junctions, functions as a barrier.     

Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid: a case report.

A relatively rare systemic disease, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (cicatricial pemphigoid) usually starts in the mouth and is clinically characterized by bullae that rupture and form an ulcer. A distinctive Nikolsky's sign is apparent using gentle air blasts or finger pressure. The pharynx, larynx, nose, esophagus, genitals and eyes can also be affected. Involvement of the conjunctivae can lead to scarring and ensuing blindness. The following case of a healthy 77-year-old man, diagnosed as suffering from mucous membrane pemphigoid, is of particular interest since several confusing clinical observations, including poor oral hygiene, the possibility of a contact dermatitis or an adverse antibiotic reaction, made the diagnosis more difficult. A careful medical history, examination and consultation process is paramount to initiating proper treatment and subsequent relief of symptoms. Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid must always be considered in any patient with desquamative epithelium of the oral mucosa.     

Histopathologic and ultrastructural studies of oral mucosa with Candida infection

Eighteen oral mucosal biopsies with Candida infection were studied with light and electron microscopy. Under light microscopy, candidal infected oral mucosa was classified with epithelial hyperplasia, 15 cases and epithelial dysplasia, three cases. Four of 15 epithelial hyperplasias showed marked parakeratosis, and high grade acanthosis with many eosinophilic cells in the spinous cell layers. Epithelial dysplasia was characterized by atrophy of the spinous cell layers and increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio in the basal cell layers. Ultrastructurally, candidal infected oral mucosa showed numerous small desmosomes and the interdigitation of cytoplasmic membranes between spinous cells in both epithelial hyperplasia and epithelial dysplasia. Moreover, eosinophilic spinous cells, observed predominantly in epithelial hyperplasia showed intricate arrangement of dense tonofibrils. These ultrastructural findings seemed to give rise to mechanical strength between spinous cells in oral mucous epithelium with Candida infection. Results in this study suggest that excessive hyperplasia of candidal infected oral mucosa might be a protective reaction to the invasion of candidal pseudohyphae, but not associated with precancerous conditions.     

Experimental-morphological study of the effects of diode laser scalpel with different irradiation parameters (wave length 0.97 mm) on oral mucosa

An experimental-morphologic study of the effects of diode laser scalpel with different irradiation parameters (wave length 0.97 mm) on oral mucosa of 12 rabbits showed that incisions on oral membrane of the tongue, cheek and palate made by diode laser scalpel in different modes of operation (diode laser scalpel LC-0.97-IRE-Polus: in continuous mode /4 W/; frequency modulated mode 2000 x 100 /5 W/; frequency modulated mode 1000 x 50 /6 W/) after 2 hours produced the effect of superficial tissues defects with consequent development in 1-2 days of necrotic changes, oedema and angiomatosis, as well as perifocal inflammatory and productive reactions in the defects walls. In the continuous mode /4 W/ and frequency modulated mode 2000 x 100 /5 W/ to 10th day of the experiment there was epithelization of mucous defects on thr tongue, cheek and palate. This effect was observed only on day 20 after the frequency modulated mode 1000 x 50 /6 W/. In the control (incisions by radio-wave scalpel) epithelization of oral mucous membrane defects was seen on day 5-10 that was comparable with laser scalpel effects. Thus optimal results (by criterion of oral mucous membrane incisions healing) were received in the continuous mode /4 W/ and frequency modulated mode 2000 x 100 /5 W/.     

Lectin histochemistry of oral premalignant and malignant lesions: Correlation of JFL and PNA binding pattern with tumour progression

The expression of glycoconjugates specific to Jack fruit lectin (JFL) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) in various clinicopathological stages of tumour progression in the oral mucosa were studied. These included various clinical forms of dysplastic and non-dysplastic oral leucoplakias, carcinomas, normal keratinising (gingiva) and non-keratinising (buccal mucosa) epithelia. It was seen that the binding patterns of PNA and JFL in the epithelial cells of various types of oral lesions were more or less similar. Normal non-keratinising epithelium showed mild membrane staining only in the spinal layers, while normal keratinising epithelium showed a moderate membrane staining and mild cytoplasmic staining in all layers. Moderate membrane and mild cytoplasmic staining were observed in leucoplakias, irrespective of various clinical or histological types. In carcinomas, the intensity of lectin binding was high, particularly in the membrane of differentiated cells. Correlation analysis of the binding pattern of PNA and JFL showed significant correlation in the membrane and cytoplasm of all layers with histological stages of tumour progression. The present study thus showed that PNA and JFL may be used as cytochemical probes in differentiating malignancy from benign lesions of the oral mucosa.     

New views on the construction of human gingival epithelium

The effects on the basal and spinous layers of human keratinized oral epithelium of 2 glutaraldehyde-based fixatives with buffers hypoosmolar and isoosmolar to blood, respectively, have been investigated. The first-mentioned solution produced an electron microscopic image corresponding to the classical view, that is an epithelium consisting of closely-packed cells having short and stubby membrane projections and separated by an extremely narrow intercellular space. In the Langerhans cells, the specific granules appeared racket-shaped and had a unilaminar limiting membrane with a periodic structure along its internal face. There are strong reasons to believe that these morphological characteristics are swelling artifacts. The last-mentioned fixative produced keratinocytes provided with numerous microvilli and membrane ruffles and disk-shaped Langerhans cell granules surrounded by a trilaminar membrane. Concomitantly, the intercellular space appears very wide and there is evidence for the view that this is a more realistic picture of the in vivo situation and not a gross distortion caused by shrinking during the tissue processing. Broad interstices can explain certain basic events as rapid cell motility within the epithelium and offer efficient pathways for rapid transport of substances.     

陶瓷正畸托槽材料的生物安全性初步评价

目的采用细胞毒性试验、口腔黏膜刺激实验对一种陶瓷正畸托槽材料的生物安全性进行初步的评价.方法根据国家标准,应用体外细胞培养琼脂覆盖法对这种陶瓷材料进行细胞毒性评价,利用大耳白兔检测这种陶瓷材料对口腔黏膜的刺激反应.结果这种陶瓷材料的细胞毒性试验评级为0级,口腔黏膜刺激试验中试验动物未见局部及全身的不良刺激反应(包括组织学观察).结论这种陶瓷材料不具有细胞毒性及对口腔黏膜的不良刺激反应.