后推、减张、缩咽综合手术修复腭裂

为修复腭裂畸形1992年1月以来,应用硬腭粘膜瓣后推,软腭鼻腔粘膜 Z 成形术,腭帆提肌吊带重建,颊肌粘膜瓣移转修复硬腭裂隙及腭部创面,选择性地施行去神经的(足母)短伸肌游离移植行腭咽环扎等综合手术,修复20例腭裂及腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者,效果满意。     

后推、减张、缩咽综合手术修复腭裂

为修复腭裂畸形１９９２年１月以来，应用硬腭粘膜瓣后推，软腭鼻腔粘膜Ｚ成形术，腭帆提肌吊带重建，颊肌粘膜瓣移转修复硬腭裂隙及腭部创面，选择性地施行去神经的　短伸肌游离移植行腭咽环扎等综合手术，修复２０例腭裂及腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者，效果满意。     

后推,减张,缩咽综合手术修复腭裂

对修复腭裂畸形１９９２年１月以来，应用硬腭粘膜瓣后推，软腭鼻腔粘膜Ｚ成形术，腭帆提肌吊带重建，颊肌粘膜瓣移转修复硬腭裂隙及腭部创面，选择性地施行１神经的拇短伸肌游离移植行腭咽环扎等综合手术，修复２０例腭裂及腭裂术后腭咽闭合不全患者，效果满意。     

双侧单蒂瓣法加提肌吊带成形术修复6～12个月婴儿完全性腭裂畸形

目的 探讨修复婴儿完全性腭裂畸形的最佳时机.方法 应用双侧单蒂瓣法(Bardach法)加双侧腭帆提肌吊带成形术.于婴儿6～12个月时完成腭裂修复术,并应用计算机辅助FFT(快速博立叶变换)元音声学对婴儿术前、后的发音进行分析比较.结果 本组26例婴儿腭裂伤口均一期愈合,无腭瘘等并发症发生,术后发音经计算机辅助FFT声学分析结果显示:所有患儿腭咽闭合功能均有明显改善.结论 应用双侧单蒂瓣法加双侧腭帆提肌吊带成形术,于婴儿6～12个月时完成腭裂修复术,技术安全可靠.术后发音效果良好.     

腭咽闭合功能相关因素的Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨影响初期腭裂修复术后腭咽闭合功能的相关因素。方法:对143例非综合征性腭裂术后患者进行回顾性研究,对可能影响腭咽功能的因素如性别、手术年龄、手术方法、腭裂类型等通过SPSS软件进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:单因素分析发现性别与腭裂术后腭咽功能并无相关性(P>0.1)。多因素Logistic分析表明:手术年龄大于2岁后腭咽闭合不全的风险性增加(OR=2.69,P<0.05);腭帆提肌重建术相对于VonLangenbeck法术后腭咽闭合不全率降低(OR=0.22,P<0.05);单侧完全性腭裂(UCCLP)和软腭裂(SCP)患者术后腭咽闭合率分别高于双侧完全性腭裂(BCCLP)和硬软腭裂(HSCP)患者(P<0.05)。结论:手术年龄、腭裂类型以及腭裂修复方法是影响初期腭裂术后腭咽功能的主要因素。手术年龄适当提前、采用功能性腭帆提肌重建修复方法有助于提高腭咽闭合率。     

改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣转移修复大龄腭裂患者的临床研究

目的:探讨改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术治疗大龄腭裂患者的临床效果,为改善和提高大龄腭裂患者术后的腭咽闭合率及语音清晰度提供更多的临床参考。方法:对33例非综合征大龄腭裂患者行改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术,术后6～12个月进行随访,对其腭咽闭合率及语音清晰度进行评估。结果:所有患者均达到临床I期愈合,其中14例达到腭咽闭合完全(velopharynegeal competence,VPC),4例达到边缘性腭咽闭合,15例腭咽闭合不全率(rate of velopharyngeal incompetence,RVPI)明显改善,术后语音清晰度均有提高。结论:改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术具有创伤小、时间短、并发症较少、术后效果稳定可靠,可作为大龄腭裂患者的一种常规术式选择。     

改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣转移修复大龄腭裂患者的临床研究

目的:探讨改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术治疗大龄腭裂患者的临床效果,为改善和提高大龄腭裂患者术后的腭咽闭合率及语音清晰度提供更多的临床参考。方法:对33例非综合征大龄腭裂患者行改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术,术后6～12个月进行随访,对其腭咽闭合率及语音清晰度进行评估。结果:所有患者均达到临床I期愈合,其中14例达到腭咽闭合完全(velopharynegeal competence,VPC),4例达到边缘性腭咽闭合,15例腭咽闭合不全率(rate of velopharyngeal incompetence,RVPI)明显改善,术后语音清晰度均有提高。结论:改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术具有创伤小、时间短、并发症较少、术后效果稳定可靠,可作为大龄腭裂患者的一种常规术式选择。     

Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建术联合腭咽肌瓣咽成形术修复大龄患者腭裂的临床研究

目的:探讨Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建术联合腭咽肌瓣咽成形术修复大龄患者腭裂的临床疗效,并观察术后对腭咽功能及语音效果的影响。方法:选择2013年5月-2017年8月在口腔颌面外科就诊的58例大龄腭裂患者为研究对象。实验组:31例,男18例,女13例,年龄(15.3±6.4)岁,均在全麻下行Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建联合腭咽肌瓣咽成形术修复;对照组:27例,其中男16例,女11例,年龄(17.7±7.5)岁,全麻下行Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建术修复。术后随诊6～36个月,采用头颅侧位X线片及鼻咽纤维镜检测腭咽功能,主观语音评估鼻腔共鸣、鼻漏气、语音清晰度。结果:所有患者创口愈合良好,实验组20例获得腭咽闭合,腭咽闭合率61.3%;对照组7例获得腭咽闭合,腭咽闭合率24.4%,两者之间比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。实验组鼻腔共鸣、鼻漏气、语音清晰度症状改善程度优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:Sommerlad腭帆提肌重建术联合腭咽肌瓣咽成形术同期修复大龄腭裂可提高术后的腭咽功能,改善语音效果。     

两阶段腭咽成形术治疗大龄腭裂患者效果观察

目的探讨两阶段腭咽成形术治疗大龄腭裂患者的效果。方法选取2017-10—2018-07间郑州人民医院收治的90例大龄腭裂患者,根据治疗方案不同分为2组,各45例。对照组采用腭帆提肌重建术,观察组采用腭帆提肌重建术联合咽成形术。比较2组腭咽功能(腭咽闭合、腭咽闭合不全)及鼻腔共鸣、鼻漏气和语音清晰度。结果观察组腭咽闭合率高于对照组,鼻腔共鸣、鼻漏气可闻及率低于对照组,语音清晰度高于对照组。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两阶段腭咽成形术治疗大龄腭裂患者,可提高腭咽功能,改善语音效果。     

大龄腭裂患者两种手术模式的临床评估

目的 探讨不同年龄腭裂患者的手术治疗模式,以提高大龄腭裂患者术后的腭咽闭合率和语音清晰度.方法 2010年5月至2012年4月,52例大龄腭裂患者按年龄不同分为A组(8～16岁,n=18)和B组(16岁以上,n=34),A组进行改良兰氏法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术,B组进行改良兰氏法同期咽后壁瓣咽成形术.所有患者术后随访10～18个月,观察创口愈合情况、语音清晰度、高低鼻音、鼻漏气及鼻咽纤维内镜检查情况.结果 语音评估显示,A组和B组患者高鼻音和鼻漏气程度均显著下降,语音清晰度提高;32例患者术后腭咽闭合完全,余20例患者术后虽仍有腭咽闭合不全,但在鼻咽纤维镜下腭咽闭合率达80％以上.结论 针对不同年龄的腭裂患者制定个体化手术方式,可显著提高腭裂患者术后腭咽闭合率和语音清晰度.     

Furlow反向双Z法腭裂修复术后腭瘘发生率的研究

目的：研究腭裂Furlow术后瘘的发生率以及影响因素。方法：对53例腭裂修复术后瘘的发生率和可能影响瘘发生的因素如性别、年龄、腭裂类型、裂隙的程度进行回顾性研究。结果：总瘘孔率为18.86%（10/53）,瘘孔率最高为硬腭前部（64%）,其次为软硬腭交界处及硬腭部（分别为18%）,瘘孔率最低为软腭区域（0%）（P〈0.05）。男性与女性患者瘘的发生率无统计学上差异（P〉0.05）。单侧完全性腭裂组（UCCLP,24%）和双侧完全性腭裂组（BCCLP,36.7%）瘘发生率高于硬软腭裂组（HSCP,0%）和软腭裂组（SCP,0%）,但无统计学上差异（P〉0.05）,完全性腭裂组瘘的发生率高于不完全性腭裂组（P〈0.05）。结论：腭裂术后腭瘘的发生与腭裂的类型有关,Furlow术式修复腭裂可减少软腭、软硬腭交界处的腭瘘发生率。但相对的有增加完全性腭裂硬腭前部腭瘘发生率的可能。     

Craniofacial and occlusal characteristics in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients from four Scandinavian centres.

Craniofacial morphology and dental occlusion were studied at early school age in 15 consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate from each of four Scandinavian cleft centres. Treatment differed mainly in the techniques of palatal repair. Push-back closure of the palate particularly impaired maxillary development, which resulted in an increased incidence of crossbite and reduced intercanine distance when compared with patients who had been operated on by the von Langenbeck method or in whom the anterior palate had not yet been closed.     

改良Millard法结合鼻唇肌肉功能重建修复单侧唇裂21例

目的:利用三维激光扫描仪分析改良Millard法结合鼻唇肌肉功能重建治疗单侧唇裂的效果。方法:选择2018年1月至12月就诊于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院整形外科接受治疗的21例单侧唇裂患者为研究对象,采用改良Millard法结合三维立体定向重建法进行修复,并利用三维扫描仪结合逆向工程软件获取5对鼻唇部指标数据进行对称性的分析。结果:21例患者术后切口均一期愈合。通过对三维面部图像的采集及鼻唇部数据的测量分析,获得鼻基底宽非对称率为0.03±0.02,鼻小柱高度非对称率为0.04±0.01,人中嵴长非对称率为0.02±0.01,唇高非对称率为0.09±0.02,唇长非对称率为0.09±0.01。鼻小柱偏斜畸形得到矫正,人中及唇部形态良好,鼻唇部健患侧对称性高。结论:运用改良Millard结合三维立体定向重建法修复单侧唇裂,术后鼻唇部外观良好,长期效果稳定,值得临床应用推广。     

Palatal Fistulae Following Cleft Palate Surgery

The occurrence and treatment of palatal fistulae have been studied in 1108 CLP patients who had their primary operations performed during the years 1954–69. No fistulae were recorded in 263 patients with incomplete cleft of the primary palate only. These patients were excluded, leaving 845 patients for analysis. The Le Mesurier or Millard technique had been used for the primary lip operation, and the von Langenbeck procedure for closure of the palate; in complete clefts, the anterior part of the palate had been closed using Veau's vomer flap operation simultaneously with lip closure. The observation period ranged from 7 to 22 years, during which time each patient was examined at least once and the majority on several occasions by members of the cleft palate team. The overall incidence of fistulae was 18%. Fistulae were recorded in 11.3% of all complete clefts of the primary palate, and in 36.1% of all complete total clefts. In cases of cleft palate only, fistulae were found in 3.5% of the incomplete clefts, and in 20% of the complete clefts. In patients with bilateral complete clefts, closure of both sides of the lip and anterior palate in one operation seemed to have greatly increased the risk of fistula formation. There was a much higher incidence of fistulae in patients operated on during the years 1954–61 than in those treated in the period 1962–69. Fistula symptoms requiring surgical intervention were recorded in 113 patients. Closure of the fistula was achieved in 84.1%. Of 18 patients with a residual fistula. 17 were asymptomatic or had symptoms so slight that they were considered insignificant and not justifying operation.     

兰氏和双反Z法腭裂修复术后患儿语音清晰度对比

目的比较兰氏和双反Z法腭裂修复术后患儿的语音清晰度,寻找重建腭咽闭合的最佳手术方法。方法选取2009年至2013年在我院口腔颌面外科就诊的先天性软腭裂患儿69例,其中行双反Z法腭裂修复术35例(双反Z法组),行兰氏法腭裂修复术34例(兰氏法组)。患儿3.5岁后随访,由3名语音师进行单盲性审听,比较两组患儿术后语音清晰度。结果语音测评结果显示,双反Z法组患儿术后患者语音清晰度平均达到88.72%±6.05%,明显高于兰氏法组的71.31%±3.46%,语音改善明显。结论双反Z法能够充分缩小咽腔、延长软腭,重建软腭肌肉结构,更有利于恢复良好的腭咽闭合功能。     

Influence of cleft palate closure by osteotomy technique on growth of the dentomaxillary complex in human beings

Properly done, osteotomy cleft palate closure in human beings reproduces a normal dentomaxillary complex in patients with an incomplete cleft palate and in those with a narrow unilateral complete lip and palate cleft. In wider complete clefts, the dentomaxillary complex is influenced by the constrictive action of the lip muscle during closure rather than by the osteotomy procedure. Plaster casts of osteotomy surgical cases late postoperatively demonstrate the normal growth pattern achieved. Variations in cleft palate osteotomy have been worked out for every type of cleft palate.     

Submucous Cleft Palate

A report is given of 47 patients with submucous cleft palate operated on during the period 1965 to 1974. The average age of the patients when referred for surgery was high (10.8 years). Eleven patients, or nearly one out of four, had tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy performed before the correct diagnosis was made. Sixteen of the patients had a history of recurrent middle ear disease, and 18 patients had another congenital anomaly, the most frequent one being a cleft of the primary palate. Nineteen patients were operated upon with a von Langen-beck palatorraphy, and 28 with a von Langenbeck procedure + a superiorly based pharyngeal flap. Three of the patients were operated on twice. The result with regard to velopharyngeal function was recorded as good in 34 cases, fair in 10, and poor in 3 cases. The results were better in patients operated upon under the age of 7 years. The operative procedures now recommended are: A von Langenbeck (or push-back) closure of the palate combined with a levator sling reconstruction and a superiorly based pharyngeal flap. The possibility for an optimal result is best when the operation is performed at an early age, i.e. as soon as a diagnosis of SMCP and velopharyngeal incompetence has been made. For this reason it is important that better information about the symptoms and signs of SMCP is given to doctors, dentists and speech therapists, who refer these patients to the cleft palate clinic.     

Speech Outcome after Cleft Palate Surgery with the G teborg Regimen Including Delayed Hard Palate Closure

The regimen for treatment of children with cleft lip and palate in Göteborg, Sweden, until 1996 included early soft palate repair at 6-8 months of age and delayed closure of the hard palate at about 8 years of age to improve maxillary growth. The aims of this report were to describe the treatment concept and to present speech data of 59 children treated by this method. The speech of 38 children with unilateral and 21 with bilateral cleft lip and palate was evaluated perceptually from standardised tape recordings of repeated sentences and spontaneous speech at five ages from 3 to 16 years of age. All patients were not evaluated at each age level. The results showed a low prevalence of hypernasality after hard palate closure and pharyngeal flap surgery in only five children (8%), indicating a primary velopharyngeal insufficiency in less than 10% of the children. Only three children with bilateral clefts had glottal articulation when at pre-school age and no child with a unilateral cleft did. These results were interpreted as an indication of velopharyngeal competence (VPC) in most of the children. In addition, the speech problem found in these children consisted of retracted oral articulation of alveo-dental pressure plosives, which is almost always an indicator of VPC. However, we do consider that retracted oral articulation is a problem and to improve our results further we have decided to modify the technique for soft palate closure slightly and place the vomer flap further anteriorly to encourage narrowing of the cleft in the hard palate, and to close the hard palate at 3 years of age.     

Repair of cleft palate by rotation�Ctransposition of the two mucoperiosteal flaps: can this reduce the incidence of postoperative fistula?

Successful primary closure of cleft palate is the only prophylaxis against postoperative fistula. Many factors are accused of causing fistula, but the most important factor is the repair under tension. We tried in this work to rotate one of the mucoperiosteal flaps backward (90–180°) to fill the midline gap at the point of maximum tension. The other flap is then transposed medially to fill the anterior gap of the cleft. This work was conducted in the Plastic Surgery Unit in Suez Canal University Hospital from March 2007 to March 2010. Forty-eight patients were operated on using with the modified technique. Fistula occurred in one patient (2.1% of patients). With the simplicity of this procedure and its success rates we recommend this method as an alternative to the standard von Langenbeck cleft palate repair especially with wide cleft palate or when there is much tension when suturing the oral mucosa.