Prevalence of nocturnal polyuria in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Nocturia is a common symptom associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia which can persist even after effective treatment of BPH. Other causes may be responsible. We investigated a group of patients who were treated for BPH and continue to have nocturia. Our study has found a high prevalence (85.4%) of nocturnal polyuria in this group of patients. It has important clinical implication since the condition can be effectively treated with oral desmopressin. Empirical treatment without a routine frequency volume chart may be appropriate due to its high prevalence.     

Elevated nocturnal and morning blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Background  The nocturnal nondipping and elevated morning blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have not yet been well investigated in Chinese patients. This study aimed to describe the BP profile, and to elucidate the relationships between daytime BP and nighttime BP, and between evening BP and morning BP in patients with OSAS.

Methods  Twenty teaching hospital sleep centers in China were organized by the Chinese Medical Association to participate in this study and 2297 patients were recruited between January 2004 and April 2006. BP assessments were made at four time points (daytime, evening, nighttime and morning) and polysomnography (PSG) was performed and subjects were classified into four groups by their apnea­hypopnea index (AHI): control, n=213 with AHI <5; mild, n=420 with AHI ≥5 and <15; moderate, n=460 with AHI ≥15 and <30; and severe, n=1204 with AHI ≥30. SPSS 11.5 software package was used for statistical analysis and figure drawing.

Results  All the average daytime, nighttime, evening and morning BPs were positively correlated with AHI and negatively correlated with nadir nocturnal oxygen saturation. The ratios of nighttime/daytime and morning/evening average BP were positively correlated with AHI. The ratio of nighttime/daytime systolic BP became a “reversed BP dipping” pattern until the classification reached severe, while the ratio of nighttime/daytime diastolic BP became reversed at moderate. Similarly, the ratio of morning/evening diastolic BP becomes reversed even at mild.

Conclusions  OSAS may result in higher BP levels at all four time points. The ratios of nighttime/daytime and morning/evening BP increase with increased AHI. The increasing of diastolic BP, which is inclined to rise more quickly, is not parallel with increasing systolic BP.

     

1-脱氨基-8-D-精氨酸血管加压素治疗血友病A的临床疗效

目的　观察 1 脱氨基 8 D 精氨酸血管加压素(DDAVP)治疗轻中型血友病A患者临床止血效果。方法　血友病A患者 17例 ,重型 3例 ,轻、中型 14例。DDAVP 0 3～ 0 4μg·kg-1,缓慢静脉注射 ,并于注射前及注射后 6 0min、12 0min测定因子Ⅷ∶C活性。结果　① 3例重型患者无明显疗效 ;14例轻中、型患者使用DDAVP后 ,出血症状均明显减轻 ,关节肌肉血肿处疼痛肿胀减轻、消失。②DDAVP治疗前血浆因子Ⅷ∶C活性平均 5 1%± 4 5 % ,治疗后 6 0、12 0min分别升达 30 8%± 30 2 %、2 5 3 %± 31 5 %。③副作用 :使用DDAVP后 2例出现心慌、恶心 ,1例有面色潮红及球结膜充血。结论　轻、中型血友病A患者使用DDAVP后血浆因子Ⅷ∶C活性均达到有效止血浓度 ,临床出血症状也得到很好控制 ,提示DDAVP在轻、中型血友病A患者有良好的临床疗效 ,建议对轻、中型血友病A患者及早使用DDAVP。     

The potent pressor effect of phenylpropanolamine in patients with autonomic impairment

We determined the pressor effect of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, a widely used sympathomimetic agent, in 14 patients with autonomic failure and orthostatic hypotension. Blood pressure was monitored every five minutes in the sitting position with an automated device. Oral administration of 25 mg of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in nine patients produced significant increases in systolic (32 mm Hg), diastolic (15 mm Hg), and mean (21 mm Hg) blood pressures. The pressor effect appeared within the first 60 minutes and was still present at 105 minutes. There was no change in heart rate. Blood pressure was also significantly raised by administration of 12.5 mg of oral phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride in five additional patients. We conclude that administration of 25 mg of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride elicits a potent pressor response in patients with orthostatic hypotension and that significant hypertension may result.     

维持性血液透析低血压相关危险因素分析

目的了解维持性血液透析患者低血压发生特点及规律,并分析其相关危险因素,以利于早期预防及治疗。方法将维持性血透患者58例随机分为透析低血压组和非低血压组,比较两组年龄、透龄、合并糖尿病及心脏损害等情况。结果相关分析显示：透析性低血压与年龄（r=0．223,P〈O．05）、超滤量（r=0．378,P〈0．05）、合并糖尿病（r=0．363,P〈0．05）、左心室肥厚程度（r=0．357,P〈0．05）呈显著正相关。低血压组与非低血压组相比,两组间性别构成、透龄、体重增长率、血红蛋白、透前肌酐无明显差异（P〉0．05）。透析2小时内的低血压发生率为5．71％,占总发生次数84．48％,与透析3～4小时相比具有显著统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论血压降低的发生时间多为透析2个小时内,其中老年、合并糖尿病、合并心脏损害患者血压降低发生率明显增加。     

养心氏治疗慢性心力衰竭临床疗效观察

目的观察养心氏治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法选择171例慢性心力衰竭患者，随机分为养心氏片组（治疗组）89例和对照组82例，两组均采用常规抗心衰治疗；治疗组在常规治疗基础上，加用养心氏治疗。观察治疗前后临床心功能NYHA分级、心率、左室射血分数等变化。结果治疗6个月后，治疗组左室射血分数与治疗前及对照组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；治疗组心力衰竭纠正的总有效率达86．5％，对照组总有效率为57．3％，两组比较，差异有显著性（X^2—18．2514，P〈0．001）。结论养心氏可有效改善慢性心力衰竭患者的心功能，提高左室射血分数。     

全髋关节置换患者应用去氨加压素对围术期输血及失血的影响

目的：探讨去氨加压素对全髋关节置换术（THA）患者围术期出血量的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2008年5月～2010年5月收治入院的62例拟行单侧THA的患者临床资料,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组3l例。治疗组应用去氨加压素按照0．3μg／kg溶于100ml生理盐水配制,静脉滴注,术前30min应用1次,术后1次／d,连续用2d;对照组仅给予等剂量生理盐水静脉滴注。比较两组患者失血量、输血量、术后引流量、术前及术后血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞比容（Hct）、血小板（Plt）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、凝血酶原时间（Pr）及活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）等指标,并以彩色多普勒超声观察患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生情况。结果：治疗组与对照组手术时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;治疗组出血量、输血量、术后引流量明显低于对照组。两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,两组患者术后Hb、Hct、Pit及APTT比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而Fib、PT比较差异无统计学意义（尸〉0．05）。术后14d两组均未发现下肢深静脉血栓形成。45例患者获1～3个月随访,仅2例表现为下肢静脉功能不全。结论：在THA术中及术后短期使用去氨加压素能有效减少患者的失血量和输血量。     

噻托溴铵联合夜间氧疗对COPD夜间睡眠低氧的疗效研究

目的:探讨噻托溴铵联合夜间氧疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）夜间睡眠低氧的治疗作用,并间接评价噻托溴铵对夜间睡眠低氧的疗效。方法：选择存在夜间睡眠低氧的稳定期中重度COPD患者40例,随机分为２组,观察组（20例）给予吸入噻托溴铵（18 μg,每日午后1次）联合夜间氧疗（2 L/min）,对照组（20例）给予单纯夜间氧疗（2 L/min）,分别在治疗前和治疗4周后检测夜间睡眠血氧饱和度、血气分析、肺功能。结果：2组治疗后与治疗前比较：观察组夜间平均血氧饱和度（Nocturnal mean SaO2,MSaO2）、夜间最低血氧饱和度（Nocturnal minimum SaO2,MmSaO2）、动脉血氧分压（Arterial partial pressure of oxygen,PaO2）、动脉血氧饱和度（Arterial oxygen saturation,SaO2）、第1秒用力呼气容积（Forced expi－ratory volume in one second,FEV1）、FEV1占预计值百分比（Percentage of FEV1 in the predicted value,FEV1%Pred）、用力肺活量（Forced vital capacity,FVC）、深吸气量（Inspiratory capacity,IC）、呼气峰值流速占预计值百分比（Percentage of peak expiratory flow rate in the predicted value,PEF%Pred）显著提高;对照组MSaO2、MmSaO2、PaO2、SaO2明显升高,而FEV1、FEV1%Pred、FVC、IC、PEF%Pred则无明显改变;2组夜间血氧饱和度小于90%的时间占总睡眠时间的百分比（T90）显著降低;观察组动脉血二氧化碳分压（Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO2）明显降低,而对照组PaCO2则明显升高。2组治疗后比较：观察组MSaO2、MmSaO2、PaO2、SaO2明显提高,T90、PaCO2显著降低,FEV1、FEV1%Pred、FVC、IC、PEF%Pred显著提高。结论：噻托溴铵联合夜间氧疗能显著改善COPD夜间睡眠低氧,并优于单纯夜间氧疗;噻托溴铵也能改善COPD夜间睡眠低氧。     

体重管理对轻型代谢综合征患者的效果观察

目的观察体重管理对轻型代谢综合征患者的体重指数、血糖、血压、甘油三酯等指标的影响。方法将40例新诊断的轻型代谢综合征患者随机分成体重管理组和对照组,每组20例。两组患者分别于干预前、干预3月、干预6月检测体重指数、血糖、血压、甘油三脂等治疗,并比较两组患者上述指标。结果干预6月后,体重管理组的体重指数、甘油三酯均显著性低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);体重管理组的高密度脂蛋白高于对照组,但无统计学差异。干预6月,体重管理组中血压、血糖达标率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论体重管理能改善轻型代谢综合征患者的体重指数、血糖、血压、甘油三脂等指标。     

运动疗法对社区心力衰竭合并抑郁症的作用

目的探讨运动疗法对成都社区慢性心力衰竭抑郁状况的影响。方法将95例成都社区慢性心力衰竭合并抑郁患者随机分为实验组46例和对照组49例。在常规抗心衰药物治疗的基础上,实验组增加运动训练与指导,并于训练后第4w、8w、12w以汉密尔顿抑郁量表对两组患者抑郁状况进行评价。结果干预8w后,实验组患者抑郁发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,抑郁评分也明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论持续、规律性的运动训练有助于缓解社区慢性心力衰竭患者的抑郁程度。     

血液透析超滤量对低血压及失衡综合征发生率的影响

目的比较不同超滤量下、不同年龄段的人群在血透治疗过程中低血压、失衡综合征等的发生率。方法随机选择100例规律透析患者,根据年龄、超滤量不同分组,超滤量以〈2.0L/次、2.0～3.0L/次、〉3.0L/次分为3组,年龄组分为39岁及以下组,40～60岁组,〉61岁及以上组;连续观察3个月;分析治疗过程中出现低血压、呕吐、肌肉痉挛、头痛、腰酸背痛等情况的发生例次。结果同年龄组中超滤量大者,低血压、失衡综合征的发生率增加;在相同超量下,年龄组大者,低血压、失衡综合征的发生率增加。结论若使患者在透析治疗中过程中减少低血压、失衡综合征等情况的发生,应严格控制超滤量;同时年龄增长、超滤量增加是血液透析治疗低血压及失衡综合征发生率增高的危险因素。     

低温联合可调钠对血液透析中低血压的影响及护理

近年来,大量研究表明低温可调钠透析可增加血流动力学的稳定性,大大减少透析低血压的发生。我们利用目前透析机所能提供的钠模式配合温度调节,观察其对透析低血压的影响,现报告如下。     

苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利对腹膜透析患者血压及血压晨峰的影响

目的研究苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利对腹膜透析患者血压及血压晨峰(MBPS)的影响。方法 155例高血压肾病或肾性高血压腹膜透析患者经过2周安慰剂导入期筛选出135例,随机分为2组,治疗组75例给予苯磺酸氨氯地平和贝那普利口服;对照组60例给予硝苯地平缓释片和贝那普利口服,治疗12周后随访血压12周,每2周随访1次,观察2组24h动态血压(ABP)的平均SBP(MSBP)、平均DBP(MDBP),白昼SBP、DBP,夜间SBP、DBP和MBPS阳性率变化。结果 2组治疗后MSBP、MDBP均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),治疗组降低幅度较对照组明显(P<0.01);2组治疗后白昼和夜间的SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.01),治疗组降低幅度比对照组降低幅度大(P<0.01);对照组治疗后MBPS阳性率为43.0%,治疗组为22.5%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论苯磺酸氨氯地平联合贝那普利可降低高血压肾病或肾性高血压腹膜透析患者的SBP、DBP和MBPS。     

氨氯地平与左旋氨氯地平治疗夜间高血压疗效比较

目的 :观察左旋氨氯地平与氨氯地平治疗夜间高血压患者的疗效及其对血压昼夜节律的影响。　方法 :6 0例轻、中度原发性高血压患者 (必须同时具备夜间血压增高 )随机接受氨氯地平 5mg或左旋氨氯地平 2 .5mg(各30例 )治疗 4周。用 2 4h动态血压监测治疗前后血压的昼夜节律变化。　结果 :氨氯地平和左旋氨氯地平降压疗效显著 ,但二药之间比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,均不影响血压昼夜节律。　结论 :氨氯地平和左旋氨氯地平治疗有夜间血压增高的轻、中度高血压患者疗效好 ,而且安全     

低分子肝素对子痫前期患者激肽释放酶基因表达水平的影响

目的:探讨低分子肝素对子痫前期患者激肽释放酶基因表达的影响。方法:将96例子痫前期患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各48例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组患者在此基础上给予低分子肝素0.3~0.4 mL,皮下注射,每天1次,直至分娩前12~24 h止。比较2组患者的血压、24 h尿量、尿蛋白定量、血小板、凝血功能、母婴结局和激肽释放酶基因表达情况。结果:观察组患者收缩压、舒张压及尿蛋白定量均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),24 h尿量显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。2组患者血小板、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组患者D-二聚体水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组患者新生儿胎龄、体质量及延长妊娠时间均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后观察组患者血液、胎盘和尿中激肽释放酶基因表达水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:低分子肝素能够有效促进子痫前期患者激肽释放酶基因表达水平升高,改善母婴结局。     

Demographic profile,clinical characteristics,motivations and weight loss outcomes of patients in a nonsurgical weight management programme

INTRODUCTION

Weight management programmes (WMPs) can help overweight individuals lose weight, and thus prevent complications associated with obesity. Herein, we describe the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, motivations and expectations, and outcomes of patients enrolled in a nonsurgical WMP.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with a body mass index (BMI) of > 23 kg/m² enrolled in the four-month WMP at the Health For Life Clinic, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, between 1 and 31 August 2009. Demographic data, medical history and source of referral were recorded. Details on personal motivations and weight loss goals were obtained from the completed self-administered questionnaires of the WMP participants. Weight, waist circumference, fat percentage and BMI were measured at the start and end of the WMP. A weight loss of ≥ 5% was deemed as a successful outcome.

RESULTS

A total of 58 patients (mean age 37.2 years) were included in our study. Of these 58 patients, 58.6% were of Chinese ethnicity and 55.2% were male. Many patients (32.8%) attributed their weight gain to work- or study-related stress, and a minority to poor eating habits (12.1%) or a lack of exercise (10.3%). Patients’ motivations included a desire for better health (53.4%) and better fitness (15.5%). However, only 53.4% patients scored their motivation as high (i.e. a score of > 7). The mean expected weight loss was 9.9 kg at 4 months, and 14.1 kg at 12 months. Among the 40 patients (69.0%) who completed the programme, the mean percentage weight loss was 1.8 ± 4.3%. A weight loss of ≥ 5% was achieved by 8 (13.8%) patients.

CONCLUSION

Although the patients in our study cohort were young and educated, only a portion of them appeared to be highly motivated to lose weight, despite joining the WMP. There is a need for patients to be guided on how to set realistic weight loss goals.     

乙炔雌二醇防治原发性闭经患者骨量丢失

目的 观察乙炔雌二醇用药前后原发性闭经患者骨代谢的反应性,为该类患者骨质疏松症的防治提供理论依据。方法 选择１０例低雌激素性原发性闭经患者给予乙炔雌二醇０．０５ｍｇ／ｄ,连续给药３个周期。并于用药前后分别测定空腹尿钙与肌酐（Ｃａ／Ｃｒ）、羟哺氨酸与肌酐（ＯＨＰｒ／Ｃｒ）比值以及血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）和降钙素（ＣＴ）的水平。结果 原发性闭经患者乙炔雌二醇给药前后血清ＣＴ水平升高,空腹Ｃａ／Ｃｒ、ＯＨＰｒ     

硝普钠治疗心力衰竭的临床观察

目的：观察硝普钠对心力衰竭的治疗效果。方法：用硝普钠治疗32例心力衰竭患者,观察患者的心衰症状和体征的变化。结果：32例心力衰竭患者中有29例心衰症状和体征均有不同程度的改善,用药后平均血压下降,尤其是高血压性心脏病人,血压下降更为显著,同时心率减慢,但血压不高的心力衰竭病人,用药后心率稍有增快,但经统计学处理无显著意义。结论：硝普钠治疗心力衰竭的效果良好。     

时间治疗学抑制老年高血压患者血压晨峰的研究

目的按照高血压时间治疗学中的择时给药,探讨不同的给药时间对老年高血压患者血压晨峰的影响。方法采用180-EA动态血压监测系统动态血压监测法筛选出206例有血压晨峰的老年高血压患者,随机分为A组采取常规的上午8时给药;B组采取晚上睡前给药,共治疗4周。治疗前后均进行动态血压监测的检查。结果治疗前两组的24h平均血压、白天平均血压、夜间平均血压以及血压晨峰均元统计学差异（P〉0．05）;治疗后两组的24h平均血压、白天平均血压、夜间平均血压以及血压晨峰均明显下降,与治疗前比较有统计学差异（P〈0．01）;治疗后B组的夜间血压及血压晨峰下降明显,且能恢复昼夜节律与治疗后的A组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论对明显有血压晨峰的老年高血压患者,采取时间治疗可以更好的纠正夜间高负荷血压、抑制血压晨峰、恢复血压昼夜节律。