慢性肾衰患者肾移植前后骨密度及生化指标的改变

测定了３８例病人的血清骨钙素（ＯＣ），肌酐（Ｃｒ），钙（Ｃａ），磷（Ｐ）及尿吡啶酚（ＰＹＤ），腰椎骨密度。其中肾移植前慢性肾衰病人１０例，肾移植术后２年以内１８例，术后超过２年的１０例。本文认为慢性肾衰病人的骨代谢异常在肾移植术后不会迅速改善。血骨钙素，尿吡啶酚及骨密度可以有效的监测慢性肾病病人的骨代谢变化。     

男性骨特异性碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、I型胶原氨基末端肽与骨密度的关系

目的探讨男性人群血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、血清骨钙素(sOC)和血清Ⅰ型胶原氨基末端肽(sNTX)与BMD的相互关系。方法用ELISA方法测定309名20~80岁男性志愿者的血清骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(sBAP)、血清骨钙素(sOC)和血清Ⅰ型胶原氨基末端肽(sNTX),用DEXA(双能X线吸收法)测定腰椎正位(AP)L1-L4总体、腰椎侧位、股骨颈、Wards区(华氏区)及髋部总体的面积BMD。结果(1)直线相关分析显示,sOC、sNTX与腰椎正位总体BMD呈负相关,r分别为-0.007,-0.100。BAP与腰椎正位总体、腰椎侧位、髋部总体、股骨颈及Wards区BMD均负相关,r分别为-0.190、-0.087、-0.175、-0.128、-0.128(P<0.05)。(2)校正年龄、体重指数和吸烟的影响后,sOC和各部位BMD相关性消失;sNTX与腰椎正位总体BMD;BAP与腰椎正位总体、髋部总体、股骨颈及Wards区BMD相关性仍存在,r分别为-0.164、-0.171、-0.148、-0.191、-0.105(P<0.05)。(3)以50岁为切点,将所有样本按年龄分两段,偏相关分析显示50岁以前sOC、sNTX和BAP与各部位BMD无显著相关;50岁以后除腰椎侧位外,BAP与腰椎正位总体、髋部总体、股骨颈及Wards区BMD负相关,偏相关系数分别为-0.206、-0.256、-0.183、-0.126(P<0.05)。sOC与各部位BMD无显著相关,sNTX与腰椎正位总体显著负相关,偏相关系数为-0.202(P<0.05)。(4)按BMD分组,方差分析显示50岁以上年龄匹配男性骨质疏松组BAP高于正常对照组与低骨量组,NTX高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。(5)分别以各部位BMD为应变量,年龄、BMI、吸烟(每日吸烟数量×烟龄)、BAP、sOC和sNTX为自变量,进行多元逐步线性回归分析。年龄、体重指数为各部位BMD的独立决定因子;吸烟为腰椎正位总体、髋部总体及Wards区BMD的独立决定因子。BAP为腰椎正位总体,髋部总体,股骨颈及Wards区BMD的独立决定因子,解释其BMD变化的百分数分别为16.5%、18.0%、13.4%、10.8%。(P均<0.05);sNTX为腰椎正位总体BMD的独立决定因子,解释腰椎正位总体BMD变化的15.7%。结论(1)校正年龄、体重指数和吸烟后,50岁以上男性BAP与腰椎正位总体、髋部总体、股骨颈及Wards区BMD,sNTX与腰椎正位总体BMD均呈负相关,BAP与sNTX均为50岁以上男性BMD的独立决定因子。(2)50岁以上男性骨质疏松组BAP显著高于正常对照组与低骨量组,NTX高于正常对照组,较高的骨代谢转换水平与较低的BMD相关联。(3)年龄、体重指数与吸烟均为各部位BMD的独立影响因素。     

韶关地区中年男性骨密度调查分析

目的 调查韶关地区部分中年男性人群骨密度。方法 应用双能X线骨密度仪对韶关地区236名中年男性进行骨密度检测、分析。结果 37．71％的中年男性出现不同程度的骨量减少，3．81％患有骨质疏松症。结论 中年男性骨质疏松的防治问题不容忽视。     

Acute effects of high-dose chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation on serum markers of bone metabolism

There is an interplay between the cells in the bone marrow and the surrounding bone tissue, but little is known about the effects of myeloablative treatment followed by bone marrow transplantation on bone metabolism. We have therefore investigated 24 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (14 autologous, 10 allogeneic) for hematological malignancies. Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-modified calcium, and biomarkers for bone turnover-osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP)-were measured. The samples were collected before myeloablative treatment, on the day of bone marrow infusion and 1, 2, 3, and 12 weeks thereafter. A serum PTH peak was consistently seen the day after total body irradiation, but no long-term effects on PTH/calcium homeostasis were observed. Bone formation as reflected by serum osteocalcin and B-ALP decreased, with nadir levels 2 to 3 weeks after marrow infusion. A simultaneous increase in bone resorption (increased S-ICTP) occurred. Pretreatment values were not completely regained 12 weeks after transplantation. the findings indicate that bone tissue is affected by myeloablative treatment, and the changes in biomarkers imply a net loss of bone over the study period.     

Familial aggregation of bone mineral density and bone mineral content in a Chinese population

Familial aggregation of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) has been shown in twin and familial studies, but most sample sizes were small. We here report a large familial aggregation study in a Chinese population. A total of 13,973 siblings aged 25–64 years from 3,882 families were enrolled from Anhui, China. We assessed the whole-body, hip and lumbar spine BMD and BMC by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Intra-class correlation coefficients of BMD and BMC between siblings varied among different skeletal sites and between different age groups of male sib-pairs and premenopausal and postmenopausal female sib-pairs, with a range of 0.228 to 0.397. The sibling recurrence risk ratio (s) of osteoporosis was 2.6 in our population. We also evaluated the joint association of the BMD values of the first siblings and the second siblings with the risk of low BMD (defined as less than the 10th percentile of the same group population) of their younger siblings. If both the first and second siblings BMDs were in the lowest tertile, the odd ratios (ORs) of low BMD in their subsequent siblings were 8.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.59–12.39)], 8.71 (95% CI 5.74–13.22) and 5.90 (95% CI 3.57–9.76) for total body, total hip and lumbar spine, respectively. This study demonstrates a significant familial aggregation of BMD and BMC in a large sample of rural Chinese adults.     

老年男性2型糖尿病患者骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的研究

目的：探讨老年男性2型糖尿病患骨密度改变及其机制，以了解2型糖尿病是否易合并骨质疏松及其特点。方法：测定70例老年男性2型糖尿病患及60例年龄、体重指数相匹配的健康对照的骨密度，血清骨钙素（BGP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、尿钙（Ca）、尿羟脯氨酸（HOP）、空腹及餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）等，两组进行比较。结果：老年男性2型糖尿病患较健康对照组骨密度显降低。BGP浓度显低于对照组（P＜0．001）；TRAP、甲状旁腺素（PTH）、尿钙、HOP显高于对照组（P＜0．05）、糖尿病患BMD与病程、年龄、HbA1C、FBG、PBG呈显负相关，与平均体重指数（BMI)呈正相关。结论：老年男性2型糖尿病患较易患骨质疏松，其骨改变特点是：骨吸收增加，骨形成下降；发病机理主要是血糖升高，钙的排出增多和继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进以及胰岛功能减退。     

骨胶原与骨质疏松骨密度及骨生物力学的相关性研究

目的探讨骨胶原含量在绝经后骨质疏松症的发生、发展及在骨质疏松性骨折中的作用。方法取7个月龄未交配雌性SD大鼠60只，随机分为四组，A组：对照组（sham组）；B组：切除卵巢组；C组：切除卵巢＋雌激素治疗组；D组：切除卵巢＋降钙素治疗组。除A组外，其他三组通过切除双侧卵巢法12周后制成骨质疏松模型，24周后分别行k的力学特性、右侧股骨三点弯曲试验、羟脯氨酸含量、k骨密度（BMD）测定，Masson三色染色法显示骨胶原形态。结果A、C、D组与B组在k羟脯氨酸含量、BMD、k压缩力学参数值、右侧股骨生物力学参数值、骨胶原染色含量及形态方面差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），而A、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。统计学分析显示羟脯氨酸含量与BMD及骨生物力学参数值呈直线相关性。结论骨质疏松的发生与骨胶原含量下降有关。骨胶原含量的下降与BMD降低及骨生物力学改变呈相关性。应用雌激素和降钙素治疗去势后骨质疏松大鼠，不仅可以提高其BMD含量和骨生物力学性能，而且还可以提高骨胶原的含量。     

The clinical significance of serum osteocalcin and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure

Several new serum markers for bone metabolism have recently become available and are being applied to clinical practice. Their clinical usefulness in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), however, has not yet been determined. Serum levels of three bone formation markers—bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), and N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP)—and three bone resorption markers—type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and pyridinoline (PYD)—were measured simultaneously in 85 predialysis CRF patients (serum creatinine 3.5 ± 1.9 mg/dl, 61.0 ± 10.9 years old, 54 males and 31 females, 36 diabetics and 49 nondiabetics) to examine the relationships between these markers and bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal radius, as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Trabecular BMD, which is strongly affected by bone metabolism, was significantly negatively correlated with each of the bone formation markers (r=–0.341, p=0.0016, for OC; r=–0.314, p=0.0036, for PINP; r=–0.238, p=0.0315, for BAP), but there was no significant correlation between BMD and any of the bone resorption markers. In multivariate regression analyses (adjusted by age, sex, presence of diabetes, glomerular filtration rate, intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), OC and PINP were significantly associated with a decrease in BMD, but BAP was not. In conclusion, we demonstrated that in predialysis CRF patients, BMD of the distal radius, particularly of trabecular bone, is associated with serum OC and PINP levels. OC and PINP are suggested to be possible parameters for the clinical evaluation of the effect of bone metabolism on BMD.     

妊娠妇女性激素、骨密度、骨代谢生化指标的变化及相关性研究

目的：探讨妊振妇女骨密度和骨代谢的变化及其与性激素的关系。方法：随机选取63例健康脑力劳动孕妇和21例健康脑力劳动妇女分别测定骨密度,血清Ca、P、ALP、BGP和E2、P、FSH、LH、PRL以及尿HP/Cr、Ca/Cr比值。结果：孕期骨密度虽有下降但无显变化（P＞0.05),ALP和BGP在晚孕期有显变化（P＜0.05)且此变化与E2成正相关（r=0.61、0.36)。结论：妊娠期骨密度虽无明显变化,但晚孕期骨转换率明显增加且与E2呈正相关。提示可通过测定E2了解孕期骨代谢情况,并及时予以补钙等措施可能有益。     

N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and bone mineral density for early diagnosis of nonunion: An experimental study in rabbits

Background:The diagnosis and treatment of bone nonunion have been studied extensively. Diagnosis and treatment of nonunion are mainly performed based on the interpretation of clinico-radiographic findings, which depend on the clinician''s experience and the degree of bone callus formation during the fracture-healing process. However, resolution may be compromised when the bone mineral content is <25%. A feasible method of monitoring bone-healing is therefore needed. We monitored a rabbit model of bone nonunion by regular radiographic examinations, QCT detection, and biomarker concentrations.Results:BMD and NTX concentrations were significantly lower at 5 weeks postoperatively compared to the preoperative values and were significantly different between the two groups. OC showed no significant difference before and after surgery.Conclusions:BMD and NTX concentrations may be useful for early detection of bone nonunion in rabbits.     

Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病伴脊柱侧凸患者骨密度与血清骨钙素和骨代谢生化指标的相关性

【摘要】 目的：探讨Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病（neurofibromatosis type 1,NF1） 伴脊柱侧凸患者骨密度（BMD）与血清骨钙素（BGP）及骨代谢生化指标的相关性。方法：选取2012年2月~2013年3月我院脊柱外科收治的17例NF1伴脊柱侧凸（NF1-S）患者为观察对象（病例组）,年龄8~18岁,Cobb角40°~143°;17例正常儿童及青少年作为对照组,年龄7~19岁。两组均采用双能X线骨密度吸收仪测量非优势侧的股骨近端和腰椎（L2~L4）的BMD,同时采用免疫分析仪检测BGP水平,血生化分析仪检测碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、血钙（血Ca）、血磷（血P）、尿钙/肌酐比值（尿Ca/Cr）和尿磷/肌酐比值（尿P/Cr）。应用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析,采用独立样本t检验分析两组BMD及各项骨代谢生化指标之间的差异;Pearson相关分析病例组患者腰椎BMD与对应各项骨代谢生化指标的相关关系。结果：两组受试者年龄、性别构成比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。病例组所测各部位BMD均明显低于正常对照组,差异有显著性（P<0.05）;BGP（135.6ng/ml）、血Ca（2.59mmol/L）、血P（1.75mmol/L）、尿Ca/Cr（0.10mg/mg）均高于正常对照组（79ng/ml、2.45mmol/l、1.47mmol/l、0.06mg/mg）,差异均具有显著性（P<0.05）,而ALP（141.6u/L vs 141.8u/l,t=3.611,P=0.991）和尿P/Cr（0.47mg/mg vs 0.46mg/mg,t=0.054,P=0.957）则无显著性差异（P>0.05）。NF1-S患者腰椎BMD与BGP（r=-0.916,P=0.000）、尿Ca/Cr（r=-0.968,P=0.000）存在显著性负相关。结论：NF1-S患者BMD明显低于正常人;BGP、血Ca、血P和尿Ca/Cr均高于正常人,测定BGP、尿Ca/Cr水平是监测NF1-S患者BMD变化较为敏感的方法之一。     

老年男性肥胖与骨密度的关系

目的分析老年男性的腰椎2-4(L2-4)、股骨颈(Neck)、大转子(Troch)和粗隆间(InterT ro)的骨密度(BMD),探讨老年男性肥胖与骨密度的关系。方法以我院273名年龄60~75岁的老年男性为研究对象,计算体重指数将研究对象分为肥胖组和对照组,采用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰椎、股骨颈、大转子、粗隆间的骨密度,分析老年男性肥胖与骨密度的关系。结果老年男性各部位的骨密度随年龄的增长而降低,老年男性70~75岁组股骨颈和粗隆间的骨密度均低于60~64岁组(P0.01)。老年男性按不同年龄分组发现,肥胖者不同部位的骨密度均高于对照者(P0.05或P0.01)。结论年龄和体重指数是影响骨密度的重要因素,老年男性肥胖者骨密度较正常体型者高,提示肥胖对骨密度有保护作用。     

The effect of a short course of calcium and vitamin d on bone turnover in older women

Calcium and vitamin D (1200 mg/day + 800 IU) has been shown to reduce hip fracture incidence in older women living in long-term care facilities who had borderline low vitamin D levels. We examined the effect of a short course of calcium and vitamin D on biochemical markers of bone turnover in older community-living women. Twelve community-living women (mean age 75 years) in good general health, without diseases or on medications known to affect bone, were entered into the study. All women were treated with calcium citrate (1500 mg/day of elemental calcium) and vitamin D₃ (1000 IU/day) (Ca + D) for 6 weeks. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured in serum and urine collected at baseline (two samples), 5 and 6 weeks on Ca + D, and 5 and 6 weeks after termination of Ca + D. Markers of bone formation were osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase and type I procollagen peptide. Markers of bone resorption were urinary hydroxyproline, free pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline crosslinks, and N-telopeptides of type I collagen. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were also measured at baseline, 6 weeks on treatment and 6 weeks after termination of treatment. All markers of bone resorption decreased on Ca + D and returned to baseline after termination of Ca + D (p<0.05). Markers of bone formation did not change with Ca + D treatment. PTH decreased on Ca + D and returned to baseline after treatment, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased with treatment and remained elevated 6 weeks after the end of treatment. We conclude that Ca + D reduces bone resorption in older women, possibly by suppressing PTH levels.     

骨质疏松患者骨碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷代谢变化及与牙槽骨骨密度的相关性

目的探究骨质疏松患者血清钙、磷、骨碱性磷酸酶代谢变化及其与牙槽骨骨密度的相关性,以期通过血生化指标了解牙槽骨的代谢状况。方法 46例患者随机分为2组,观察组(强骨胶囊组)和对照组(阿仑膦酸钠片组)各23例,药物治疗前采集静脉血进行血清钙、磷、骨碱性磷酸酶水平检测,并行锥形束CT检查,测量牙槽骨骨密度,药物治疗后6月时重复以上检测和检查,观察血清钙、磷、骨碱性磷酸酶变化情况,分析以上血生化指标与牙槽骨骨密度的相关关系。结果药物治疗前及药物治疗后6月观察组和对照组血清钙、磷及骨碱性磷酸酶变化组间比较均无统计学意义(P0.05)。药物治疗前及药物治疗后6月观察组和对照组血清钙、磷变化与牙槽骨骨密度无统计学相关性(P0.05)。药物治疗前观察组和对照组BALP与牙槽骨颊(唇)侧皮质骨骨密度变化呈负相关(r=-0.440,P0.05;r=-0.419,P0.05),药物治疗后6月两组BALP与牙槽骨颊(唇)侧皮质骨骨密度亦呈负相关(r=-0.642,P0.05;r=-0.442,P0.05)。结论 (1)血清BALP与牙槽骨颊(唇)侧皮质骨BMD呈统计学负相关;(2)强骨胶囊可用以提高合并牙列缺损或缺失的骨质疏松患者牙槽骨骨密度;(3)血清骨碱性磷酸酶可作为评估合并牙列缺损或缺失的骨质疏松患者牙槽骨颊(唇)侧皮质骨骨密度变化的参考指标。     

A referent bone mineral density database for Chinese American women

Introduction While osteoporosis is common among women of Chinese descent, a readily available bone mineral density (BMD) referent database for Chinese American women does not exist. Fracture risk among this population is currently assessed using a Caucasian reference as well as diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis developed for postmenopausal Caucasian women. Many studies indicate that there are important racial differences in skeletal health and fracture risk, an observation that makes the application of Caucasian data to all groups problematical. This study was undertaken to establish a BMD referent database in Chinese American women and to compare it with a Caucasian female database. It is expected that a race-specific database will be useful in the assessment of bone health for Chinese American women. Methods Healthy Chinese American women (n=359), ages 20–90, were recruited. Along with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the total hip and lumbar spine, demographic, medical, familial, nutritional, and behavioral data were obtained. The mean and standard deviation for BMD at each site was calculated for each 10-year age group and compared to mean BMD values for Caucasian women supplied as found in the Hologic DXA instrument. Osteoporosis diagnosis rates for this cohort, calculated with the Caucasian and newly established Chinese American BMD referent values, were compared with each other. Results Compared with Caucasian women, Chinese American women have significantly lower BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck across a wide spectrum of age groups. As a consequence, more than one-half of Chinese American women ≥50 years of age, who would be characterized as osteoporotic using a Caucasian referent, would not be diagnosed as such if a Chinese American referent were utilized. Conclusion Chinese American reference BMD values are significantly lower than those for Caucasian women. Future studies relating Chinese American BMD values to fracture risk are necessary in order to determine if ethnic database-derived T-scores would be more predictive of fracture risk and to develop meaningful diagnostic criteria for this population.     

绝经后女性握力与骨密度的相关性研究

目的研究绝经后女性握力和骨密度的相关性。方法对120例绝经后女性进行握力测量和骨密度测定,观察≤60岁组、61~70岁组和70岁组的握力和骨密度变化,应用单因素Person相关性分析和散点图研究握力与骨密度的相关性。结果最大握力:≤60岁组25.86±4.77 kg,61~70岁组23.37±4.64 kg,70岁组16.63±5.40 kg。骨密度测定提示:65例股骨颈T值≤-2.5;90例腰椎T值≤-2.5。最大握力与骨密度均随年龄增加而减少。握力与股骨颈和腰椎骨密度呈非常显著正相关。结论绝经后女性握力越大,股骨颈和腰椎骨密度越高。     

Determinants of bone mineral density in Chinese-American women

Summary Few data are available regarding bone mineral density (BMD) and its determinants among Chinese Americans. We identified determinants of BMD among 359 Chinese-American women in order to identify risk factors for low BMD in this burgeoning population. BMD in Chinese-American women is influenced by a number of factors, including immigration. Introduction Osteoporosis and low BMD are common among Chinese women, including Chinese Americans, who are a growing population at risk for osteoporosis in the US. Few data are available regarding BMD and its determinants among Chinese-American women. Methods In this study, we examined predictors of BMD in 359 ambulatory Chinese-American women, ages 20–90, using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Variables in the model included age, weight, height, menarche age, years since menopause, immigration age, years in US, percentage of life in US, number of pregnancies, oral contraceptive use, family history of osteoporosis, family history of hip fracture, daily calcium intake, exercise, time outdoors, alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Results Among premenopausal women, weight was the strongest predictor of BMD, accounting for 10.5% of the variance at the lumbar spine (LS), 15.2% at the total hip (TH) and 16.6% at the femoral neck (FN). Time outdoors was also a positive predictor of BMD (1.4% at LS, 2.8% at TH and 1.6% at FN), while family history of osteoporosis (1.4% at TH) and age (3.7% at FN) were negative predictors. Among postmenopausal women, greater BMD at the LS and TH was associated with greater weight and earlier immigration age. Weight accounted for 16.4% of the variance at the LS and 19.8% at the TH; immigration age accounted for 3.1% of the variance at the LS and 4.1% at the TH. At the FN, years since menopause and weight were predictors of BMD, accounting for 14.4% and 8.7% of the variance, respectively. While older age at immigration had a negative effect on BMD, years in and proportion of life in the United States were not significant predictors of BMD. Conclusions Bone mineral density in Chinese-American women is influenced by a number of biological and lifestyle factors, including immigration. The results of this study provide new insights into risk factors for low bone density as they relate to environmental determinants in the growing population of Chinese-American women.     

Relationship of circulating MMP–2, MMP–1, and TIMP–1 levels with bone biochemical markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women

Introduction Osteoblast-derived matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–2, MMP–1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)–1 have been shown to play a role in bone metabolism by degrading the bone matrix. Methods The present study was performed to investigate the relationships between serum MMP–2, MMP–1, or TIMP–1 levels and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as bone biochemical markers, in 297 Chinese postmenopausal women aged 42–80 years. Results We found a significant negative weak correlation between MMP–2 and BMD at various skeletal regions. After adjustment for age and BMI, the correlation with BMD at the femoral neck and total hip disappeared. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that MMP–2 was not a determinant factor for BMD. The significant positive correlations between MMP–2 and bone cross-linked N–telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX), alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and osteocalcin (OC) and were found, and remained significant after adjustment for age and BMI. Moreover, serum MMP–2 concentrations were significantly higher in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis than in age-matched normal controls. There were no significant correlations between MMP–1, TIMP–1 and BMD. There were no significant relationships between MMP–1 and BAP, OC, and NTX. The associations between TIMP–1 and BAP and OC were not specific and constant. Conclusions In conclusion, our results suggest that circulating MMP–2 and markers of bone turnover are correlated, and serum MMP–2 levels may rise with increase in bone turnover.     

原发性骨质疏松症患者骨密度和骨代谢指标的对比研究

目的探讨骨密度（BMD）和骨代谢指标在原发性骨质疏松症的诊治过程中的临床意义.方法采用XR-36型双能X线骨密度仪和放射免疫方法,对252例中老年志愿者不同部位的BMD及血清骨钙素（BGP）、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽、Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽的含量进行测定.结果①无论是对照组还是骨质疏松组（OP）,老年男性BMD均明显高于老年女性BMD,其差异具有非常显著性（P＜0.01）;②OP组的BGP值明显低于对照组,其差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）;OP组的血清Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽（PINP）值均明显低于对照组,而血清Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽（ICTP）值均明显高于对照组,其差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论联合检测BGP、HNP和ICTP水平可直接反映骨胶原合成和降解状态,对于判断老年OP的进程以及指导OP的用药有着重要的意义.     

Physical training preserves bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with forearm fractures and low bone mineral density

Summary One hundred and twelve postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD) and forearm fractures were randomized to physical training or control group. After one year the total hip BMD was significantly higher in the women in the physical training group. The results indicate a positive effect of physical training on BMD in postmenopausal women with low BMD. Introduction The fivefold increase in hip fracture incidence since 1950 in Sweden may partially be due to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Our hypothesis was that physical training can prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women. Methods One hundred and twelve postmenopausal women 45 to 65 years with forearm fractures and T-scores from −1.0 to −3.0 were randomized to either a physical training or control group. Training included three fast 30-minute walks and two sessions of one-hour training per week. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the hip and the lumbar spine at baseline and after one year. Results A per protocol analysis was performed, including 48 subjects in the training group and 44 subjects in the control group. The total hip BMD increased in the training group +0.005 g/cm2 (±0.018), +0.58%, while it decreased −0.003 g/cm2 (±0.019), −0.36%, (p = 0.041) in the control group. No significant effects of physical training were seen in the lumbar spine. A sensitivity intention to treat analysis, including all randomized subjects, showed no significant effect of physical training on BMD at any site. Conclusions The results indicate a small but positive effect of physical exercise on hip BMD in postmenopausal women with low BMD.