胚胎培养液对IVF ET妊娠率的影响

目的探讨胚胎培养液对体外受精胚胎移植（IVF ET）妊娠率的影响，以便改善更适宜的胚胎培养液体系。方法对20例（21个周期）不孕症患者的临床资料进行分析。21个IVF ET周期患者分为两组，Ⅰ组10个周期使用单纯EBSS（Eare＇s平衡盐溶液）培养液，Ⅱ组11个周期使用HTF、IVC ONE序列培养基，且添加蛋白成分SSS（血清替代品），体外操作环境相同：37℃恒温、保湿、维持PH恒定的设施，比较两组的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、着床率和临床妊娠率。结果Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率分别为：73．82％，75．88％，71．52％，75．62％，38．82％，41．92％，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05），而胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率分别为2．84％，20．05％，7．84％，42．22％，Ⅱ组明显高于Ⅰ组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论序列培养基改善了胚胎的质量，明显提高了IVF ET的妊娠率。     

两种培养基对胚胎质量和IVF-ET妊娠率的影响

目的：探讨试用Earle‘s和HTF两种培养液对胚胎质量及体外受精（IVF）妊娠结局的影响。方法：对1999年8月－2001年8月间行试管儿（IVF－ET）的患者其中33例共363个卵子分别使用Earle‘s培养液（23例23个周期）与使用HTF培养液（10例10个周期）两组进行培养，分析 精率，卵裂率，优质胚胎率及妊娠率，并进行统计学分析。结果；使用HTF培养液组的优质胚胎率，胚胎着床率及妊娠率分别为36．9％，19．6％，60．0％，使用Earle‘s培养液组分别为22．3％，3．4％，13．0％，两组比较有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：采用HTF培养液培养更适合卵子及胚胎的体外发育，从而提高了胚胎质量及IVF的妊娠率。     

两种商品化培养液对胚胎体外发育和临床结局的影响比较

目的比较Cook培养液和Vitrolife培养液对胚胎体外发育和临床结局的影响。方法收集行常规体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）893例和卵胞浆内单精子注射-胚胎移植（ICSI-ET）320例新鲜周期的临床数据。根据使用的培养液不同,IVF-ET周期分为Cook组456例和Vitrolife组437例,ICSI-ET周期分为Cook组143例和Vitrolife组177例。分别比较IVF-ET周期和ICSI-ET周期中Cook组和Vitrolife组获卵个数、正常受精率、卵裂率、第3天优质胚胎率、ET个数、种植率、妊娠率。结果IVF-ET和ICSI-ET周期中,Cook组和Vitrolife组获卵个数、正常受精率、卵裂率、ET个数、种植率、妊娠率比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,但Vitrolife组第3天优质胚胎率均明显高于Cook组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）。结论无论IVF-ET还是ICSI-ET周期,两种培养液对种植率和妊娠率均没有影响,但Vitrolife培养液可以获得更高的第3天优质胚胎率。     

短时受精在体外受精-胚胎移植治疗周期中的应用价值

目的比较体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）治疗中精卵孵育不同时间对胚胎质量的影响。方法按精卵共孵育时间不同将280个周期采集到的卵子3342枚随机分为短时受精组（A组,精卵共同孵育4-6h后随机选取1／2数量卵子脱颗粒细胞）、长受精组（B组,所剩1／2数量卵子,精卵孵育过夜）。分别比较两组的受精率、多精受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率。结果两组的受精率、多精受精率和卵裂率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;A组的优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率显著高于B组（P〈0．05）。结论缩短精卵孵育时间不影响受精率及卵裂率,相反能提高胚胎质量,从而提高临床妊娠率。     

收获卵子数目对卵胞浆内单精子显微注射结局的影响

目的：探讨收获卵子数目对卵胞浆内单精子显微注射（ ICSI）结局的影响。方法：对355个ICSI移植周期进行回顾性分析,比较获卵数≤3、4-14、15-20、〉20各组的MII卵率、受精率、卵裂率、优质卵泡数等。结果：4组MII卵率、受精率、卵裂率和移植周期妊娠率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而4组可用胚胎率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：ICSI周期中获卵数多少对MII卵率、受精率、卵裂率和移植周期妊娠率方面无显著影响,而获卵数〉20组可用胚胎率下降。     

胚胎因素对冻融胚胎移植结局影响

目的探讨胚胎质量与冻融胚胎移植结局的关系。方法对367个冻融胚胎移植周期中胚胎分为优质胚胎和非优质胚胎2组,并在胚胎解冻后根据其卵裂球损伤程度在2组内分别进行妊娠率和胚胎种植率比较。结果367个FET治疗周期中,优质胚胎组的临床妊娠率和种植率明显高于非优质组（P〈0．05）,分别是37．81％和20．72％与22．86％和10．57％。每组无损伤组胚胎临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率均优于损伤组。但优质胚胎组中损伤卵裂球少于2个其临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率与无损伤组无差异。损伤卵裂球多于2个则差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论胚胎质量是影响冻融胚胎种植率的重要因素。     

部分卵子单精子注射在体外受精中的必要性探讨

目的探讨在体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）中特殊情况下对部分卵子实行卵胞浆内单精子显微注射（Half ICSI）的必要性。方法回顾性分析2004年1月～2007年12月间在我院行Half ICSI的31个周期并将其作为研究组，将31个周期所有的卵子417个分为两个亚组，A组：行常规IVF-ET组214个卵子；B组：ICSI组203个卵子。分析两组受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎获得率（优质胚胎彩卵子数），并且将同期在我院接受常规体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）连续427个周期及卵胞浆内单精子显微注射（ICSI）连续102个周期作为对照组。结果A组受精率、卵裂率及优质胚胎获得率显著低于B组，其中有7例完全不受精，11例受精率≤30％；研究组A组受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎获得率明显低于对照组，但研究组（A组＋B组）妊娠率与对照组相比无显著性差异。结论在体外受精胚胎移植中如精子数量及质量在IVF—ET及ICSI指征的临界值之间或取卵日精液与术前检查不符等特殊情况，选择部分卵子行单精子显微注射可以有效地预防因完全不受精及受精率过低导致的无胚胎移植及妊娠率下降。     

移植人类早期卵裂胚胎对IVF-ET结局的影响

【目的】分析移植人类早期卵裂胚胎对IVF-ET结局的影响。【方法】对79例IVF-ET周期中的胚胎进行早期卵裂观察，按移植胚胎中有无早期卵裂胚胎分为两组，分析两组妊娠率、种植率。【结果】移植胚胎中有早期卵裂组26例，妊娠15例(57．7％)，种植率38．5％；无早期卵裂组53例，妊娠13例(24．5％)，种植率12．3％，前者显著高于后者。【结论】早期卵裂可以作为选择胚胎的一个指标，以提胚胎种植率。     

基础卵泡刺激素水平对体外受精-胚胎移植的影响

目的探讨基础卵泡刺激素（bFSH）对体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）助孕效果的影响。方法110个接受IVF-ET周期前1-2个周期,于月经第3天抽血测定bFSH水平,分析bFSH水平对进入IVF-ET周期使用促性腺激素（Ca）量、Gn使用天数、获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、胚胎植入率、临床妊娠率和流产率的影响。结果bFSH〈10IU／L组年龄（32．19±3．96）岁,Gn用量（26．94±10．20）支,胚胎植入率为21．29％,临床妊娠率为36．36％;bFSH≥10IU／L组年龄为（35．32±3．01）岁,Gn用量（38．46±25．02）支。胚胎植入率为5．77％,临床妊娠率为13．64％,两组数据比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,Gn使用天数、获卵率、受精率、卵裂率、流产率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论bFSH水平可预测卵巢的反应性,bFSH≥10IU／L时胚胎植入率和临床妊娠率降低。     

体外受精-胚胎移植治疗多囊卵巢综合征

目的：探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）治疗多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）合并不孕的疗效。方法：回顾性分析了2001年-2004年PCOS患者（研究组）52例和输卵管阻塞不孕患者（对照组）408例接受IVF—ET治疗的临床资料，比较两组超促排卵刺激时间和剂量，分析两组注绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）前血清雌二醇（E2）和孕酮（P）水平、获卵数、受精率、胚胎数及移植周期妊娠率、着床率、流产率、卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）发生率、ET取消率等差异。结果：两组刺激时间和用药剂量无显著性差异；PCOS患者注HCG前血E2、P水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．01、〈0．05），获卵数、胚胎数均显著多于对照组（P〈0．01），但受精率较低，妊娠率、着床率、流产率与对照组无显著差异，OHSS发生率和ET取消率显著高于对煦组（P〈0．01）。结论：多囊卵巢综合征患者行IVF—ET治疗时受精率较低，但获卵数多，所获胚胎数多，周期妊娠率、着床率和流产率与输卵管阻塞性不孕者无显著差异，但OHSS发生高危，取消ET率高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.