脑血管造影在脑血管病变中的应用价值

目的：分析脑血管病变在脑血管造影中的影像学表现特点,讨论脑血管造影显示的脑血管形态学改变在探讨脑血管病变的发病机制、预测临床表现及选择治疗方式中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月-2007年10月行脑血管造影检查并明确诊断为脑血管病变的病例140例,观察各种脑血管病变的造影表现,探讨病变血管的形态学特点与脑血管病变的发生、临床过程、治疗方式等的关系。结果：前交通动脉瘤组中,A1优势征26例（占68．42％）,随机选取293例非前交通动脉瘤脑血管造影病例作为对照组,A1优势征11例,两组比较差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。脑动静脉畸形组中单支引流静脉的出血率比3支或以上引流静脉明显升高,两组间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,不同数量供血动脉组中出血率差异未见显著性（P〉0．05）。颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞组中前交通动脉或后交通动脉代偿在单、双侧病变中出现率的比较差异有显著性。结论：A1优势征是前交通动脉瘤发生的高危因素。脑动静脉畸形单支引流静脉的出血率明显高于多支引流静脉,供血动脉的数目则不是脑动静脉畸形出血的相关因素。单侧颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞患者经过前交通动脉或后交通动脉的侧支血流代偿,而双侧颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞患者主要是通过后交通动脉的侧支血流代偿。     

多层螺旋CT低剂量CTA评价大脑动脉的可行性

目的探讨64层MSCT 80 kV扫描使用低剂量对比剂的CTA评价大脑动脉的可行性。方法 2012年8月~2013年6月间住院拟做大脑动脉检查的患者62例,随机分成Ⅰ组(使用120 kV CT扫描和注射80ml碘海醇)和Ⅱ组(使用80 kV CT扫描和注射50 ml碘海醇加30 ml生理盐水)。其中I组31例(男17例,女14例,年龄37~76岁,中位年龄63岁,体重40~71 kg),Ⅱ组31例(男16例,女15例,年龄36~74岁,中位年龄59岁,体重38~73kg)。扫描后测量CTA图像中大脑中动脉M1段及基底动脉内的CT值、横轴位图像噪声及信噪比,并对大脑Willis环的VR三维图像进行3级评分;记录辐射剂量指标CTDI_(vol)和DLP。结果Ⅰ组大脑中动脉M1段和基底动脉的CT值为303.01和302.25和Ⅱ组大脑中动脉M1段和基底动脉的CT值为的307.19和306.38 HU,两组间具有显著的统计学差异(P0.05);I组图像的噪声大于Ⅱ组,但大脑Willis环的显示Ⅱ组稍优于I组。结论 64层MSCT80 kV扫描使用50 ml碘对比剂加30 ml生理盐水的CTA成像不仅能显著降低辐射剂量和碘对比剂用量同时可以保证大脑动脉的图像显示质量,对评价大脑动脉是可行的。     

全脑血管造影术的护理体会

目的:探讨经股动脉穿刺行全脑血管造影术(digitai subtraction angiography,DSA)的围手术期护理方法.方法:对160例拟行DSA患者实施术前护理、术中护理及术后护理.结果:160例患者造影成功率为100％,且均无严重并发症发生.结论:围手术期护理是DSA的重要组成部分,可明显提高造影效果,降低并发症发生率.     

Digital angiography: introducing digital techniques to clinical cerebral angiography practice

Digital subtraction angiography provides a computerized radiographic method of imaging the vascular system. These computer techniques may be used with arterial catheterization (digital arterial angiography) and with intravenous contrast injection (digital venous angiography). Both methods are changing the diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic follow-up of patients with cerebrovascular disease.     

Contribution of cerebral angiography to the prognosis of juvenile stroke

46 patients (aged 13 to 40 years) suffering from ischaemic cerebrovascular disease were investigated by means of complete 4-vessel angiography. 40 of these patients were re-examined after a mean follow-up period of 57 months. The aim of the study was to investigate possible connections between the angiographic data and the clinical condition some years later. In the 37 patients who were not subjected to surgical treatment prognosis was not significantly different in cases with, and those without stenoses/occlusions in the craniocervical vessels. However, patients suffering from severe stenoses/occlusions had a significantly worse prognosis than patients with stenoses of a mild degree. The clinical course in patients with stenoses/occlusions localized in the vertebro-basilar system was significantly more favourable than the course of the disease in patients with similar changes in the carotid system. There was a trend towards a worse clinical picture at the end of the follow-up period in cases with degenerative alterations in the small intracranial arteries. The difference in prognostic value of cerebral 4-vessel angiography in cases of stroke in the young, as opposed to the findings in older patients is discussed.     

双平板数字减影血管造影机在脑血管造影中的应用价值

目的探讨双平板数字减影血管造影(DSA)机在全脑血管造影中的应用价值。方法将拟行脑血管造影的患者,随机分为实验组(n=50,采用双平板DSA)和对照组(n=59,采用单平板DSA),对比两组患者的手术时间、对比剂用量、电影序列数、摄影帧数、剂量面积乘积以及空气比释动能。结果实验组手术时间[33.50(25.00,40.50)min vs 45.00(40.00,50.00)min,P < 0.001]、对比剂用量(62.68±22.40 mL vs 100.46±20.91 mL,P < 0.001)、以及电影序列数[10.00(8.00,13.25)vs 14.00(12.00, 16.00),P < 0.001]均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。两组电影序列数均与手术时间(r=0.586,P < 0.001)、术中对比剂用量(r=0.637,P < 0.001)成正相关。两组患者在剂量面积乘积、空气比释动能、摄影帧数的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用双平板DSA机造影的辐射剂量与常规采用单平板DSA无明显差别,但使用双平板DSA造影,手术时间以及术中对比剂用量明显减少,有益于患者。     

脑梗死患者急性期全脑血管造影的护理体会

目的总结老年脑梗死患者急性期脑血管造影的护理体会。方法回顾432例全脑血管造影患者的术前准备、术中配合及术后观察。结果术前、术中、术后护理配合得当,治疗效果满意。结论术前准备充分、术中密切观察、术后有针对性地实施护理措施,可提高患者手术的耐受性,同时降低并发症的发生率。     

全脑血管造影及介入治疗术后并发症护理

总结236例全脑血管造影及介入治疗术后13例并发症的发生情况,其中穿刺点出血和血肿7例,假性动脉瘤5例,动静瘘1例,经及时治疗、护理患者均痊愈出院。精心的护理措施可减少全脑血管造影及介入治疗术后并发症的发生。     

DSA仿真内窥镜技术在脑血管造影中的应用

目的：探讨DSA仿真内窥镜技术在颈内动脉血管造影中的应用及价值。方法：对23例颈内动脉系统病变的患者(动脉瘤15例、颈内动脉海绵窦瘘4例、颈内动脉狭窄及颅内动静脉畸形各2例)行固定角度旋转DSA检查，根据所得资料利用西门子公司3D Virtuoso图像工作站进行仿真内窥镜重建。结果：13例颅内动脉瘤(13／15)、4例颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(4／4)和1例颈内动脉狭窄(1／2)患者DSA造影图像的仿真内窥镜重建能清晰显示血管腔内解剖情况，而2例动静脉畸形均只能显示粗大的供血动脉和引流静脉。结论：DSA仿真内窥镜技术比常规：DSA检查能提供更加丰富和全面的影像资料，并为脑血管疾病介入治疗提供方便。     

Three-dimensional multislice helical CT angiography of cerebral aneurysms

3DCT angiography(3D-CTA), especially multislice helical CT is a noninvasive imaging modality for cerebral aneurysms. 3D-CTA is helpful in the evaluation of the configuration of the aneurysm, the surrounding vessels, and the inside of the aneurysm dome. Clinical application of this technique in complicated large cerebral aneurysms showed that with 3DCT endoscopic imaging, anatomical details of cerebral aneurysms such as the orifice of the aneurysm, intraluminal thrombous, and calcification of the wall could be clearly demonstrated. Using the 3D-imaging method with helical CT, virtual views of various surgical approaches can be compared preoperatively. This information was found to be very useful for determining difficult aneurysms for coil embolization or direct surgery including complication and broad-based aneurysms.     

脑瘫延迟诊断的原因探讨

目的分析我国脑瘫患者延迟诊断的影响因素。方法应用回顾性调查方法 ,对延迟诊断与患儿相关病史及体征进行分析 ,采用了SPSS统计软件进行了统计学处理。结果 12个月以内诊断组与 12个月以上诊断组 (延迟诊断组 ) ,在家长文化程度、患儿的城乡分布、脑瘫类型等方面有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,在高危因素方面无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论提高民族的文化素质 ,消除城乡差别 ,普及脑瘫早期诊断及评价知识 ,提高基层医院的诊断水平以及建立高危新生儿病例的长期监测都将成为减少延迟诊断的重要举措