纵隔淋巴结肿大的影像学特点

目的：评价X线及CT在纵隔淋巴结肿大定性诊断中的价值；方法：对63例(其中男39例，女24例)经颈部淋巴结活检、手术病理检查和临床治疗证实纵隔淋巴结肿大作了影像学分析，全部病例均作了胸部平片和CT扫描，其中35例作了CT增强扫描；结果：63例中转移性淋巴结肿大32例(肺癌23例，乳腺癌9例)，肺结核12例，恶性淋巴瘤12例，结节病5例，坏死性淋巴结炎2例。胸部平片仅发现56例纵隔增宽和42例肺内病灶。CT则在63例中均能发现纵隔淋巴结肿大的部位、数目、大小和形态，其中35例CT增强扫描，转移性淋巴结肿大强化不明显，而结核性淋巴结呈环形强化，淋巴瘤引起的淋巴结肿大略有强化，结节病引起的淋巴结肿大明显强化；结论：CT扫描是诊断纵隔淋巴结肿大的首选方法，CT增强扫描结合CT扫描、临床表现、实验室检查对纵隔淋巴结肿大病因的诊断有十分重要意义。     

原发性肺结核的X线与CT表现分析

目的 探讨X线平片与螺旋CT扫描在原发性肺结核诊断中的应用价值.方法 采用X线平片机行胸部正侧位片检查,CT扫描范围从肺尖至肋膈角处,常规8 mm层厚无间隔扫描,7例对兴趣区追加2 mm薄层扫描.总结患者的X线与CT影像表现.结果 本组病例21例表现为肺叶、肺段或肿块样病变合并纵隔淋巴结肿大,淋巴结增强扫描形态特征:环形强化17例、均匀强化7例、不均匀强化11例.结论 X线平片能清楚地显示病灶,是诊断本病的主要手段,CT诊断肺结核的分辨率及准确率高,临床灵活选用.     

胸部结节病的CT表现

目的 探讨CT在胸部结节病诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析18例胸部结节病患者的CT检查资料。5例经纤支镜活检病理证实，13例经临床随访治愈确诊。结果 15例病变累及肺门或／和纵隔淋巴结。增大的肺门淋巴结呈两倒对称性，纵隔淋巴结呈广泛分布。增大淋巴结密度均匀，边界清楚，无浸润性改变，增强扫描呈中度均匀性强化。另3例呈肺间质纤维化改变。结论 CT扫描是胸部结节病诊断和鉴别诊断有效的方法，并能观察病变的变化，指导临床治疗。     

纵隔淋巴结病变CT诊断及鉴别

目的 探讨纵隔常见的淋巴结病变的CT表现及特征.方法 总结经手术、淋巴结活检或临床治疗证实的纵隔淋巴结病变42例,所有患者均行CT平扫及增强扫描.分析其临床及CT表现与相互鉴别要点.结果 44例最终结果分别为:淋巴结结核6例,淋巴结转移癌16例,结节病5例,淋巴瘤9例,巨淋巴结增生4例,艾滋病淋巴结肿大2例.淋巴结结核是最常见的淋巴结炎性病变,以形态多样、钙化、增强扫描边缘环形强化为典型特点.淋巴结转移瘤是最常见的纵隔淋巴结恶性病变,原发灶淋巴引流区优势分布、液化坏死明显、增强呈薄壁环形强化是其重要特征.淋巴瘤CT表现以累及范围广,病变淋巴结密度均匀,增强呈轻度均匀强化为主.结节病以肺门淋巴结对称性肿大、病灶多数不融合且境界清晰、密度均匀、均匀强化为鉴别要点.巨淋巴结增生具有血供丰富、常累及单个淋巴结、呈肿块样增生等特点.结论 胸部CT检查是诊断纵隔淋巴结病变的首选方法,病灶形态特点、分布、强化及临床表现对诊断及鉴别有重要意义.     

非典型结节病鉴别诊断中螺旋CT的诊断价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT在非典型结节病鉴别诊断中的临床价值.方法 选择我院2009年5月至2011年5月收治的非典型结节病患者20例,采用螺旋CT进行诊断和鉴别诊断,就临床结果进行回顾性分析.结果 胸内淋巴结肿大15例,占75%,其中无肺部病灶仅胸内淋巴结肿大者7例,为仅有纵隔淋巴结肿大但肺门淋巴结无肿大者3例,以淋巴瘤误诊;单侧肺门淋巴结肿大伴纵隔淋巴结2例,以纵隔淋巴结和肺门淋巴结转移误诊.出现蛋壳样钙化,主要在肺门及前中纵隔分布,肿大淋巴结均<2.5cm2例,肿大淋巴结在增强后重度强化.有肺部病变14例,占70%,误诊12例,为60%误诊率,分别误诊断转移性肺癌和亚急性血型播散型肺结核、浸润型肺结核伴胸腔积液.另外肺部病变和胸内淋巴结肿大者8例,纵隔淋巴结及单侧肺门淋巴结肿大者3例,其中误诊为纵隔及肺转移1例.本组20例患者中,诊断为结节病5例,占25%.肺活检诊断8例,经纵隔淋巴结活检诊断5例,经实验室及临床诊断2例,在给予激素治疗后病情均缓解.结论 结节病常被误诊为其它疾病,影像学表现多不典型,需在对胸部结节病的典型影像学进行掌握的同时,也应了解不典型影像学表现,与其它疾病作鉴别诊断,并结合实验室检查、病史行综合分析,以最大限度的降低误诊率,提高患者生存质量.     

X线平片与CT在空洞型肺结核诊断中的应用

目的 探讨X线平片与螺旋CT扫描在空洞型肺结核中的差异及应用价值.方法 采用X线平片机行胸部正位片和(或)胸部正侧位片检查,CT扫描采用西门子Spirit螺旋CT机,扫描范围从肺尖至肋膈角处,常规8 mm层厚无间隔扫描,17例对兴趣区追加3 mm薄层扫描.对X线、CT影像表现进行统计学分析.结果 85例中X线平片显示61个空洞,空洞大小为0.8～5.0 cm,CT显示116个,空洞大小为0.4～5.6 cm;X线平片显示空洞周围卫星病灶54例,CT显示86例;X线平片显示空洞引起肺内支气管播散14例,CT显示29例;X线平片显示结核空洞外侧胸膜增厚7例,CT显示12例;X线平片无1例显示纵隔内及肺门旁淋巴结肿大,CT显示纵隔内及肺门旁淋巴结肿大6例,少量胸腔积液7例.统计学显示二者存在显著差异.结论 CT诊断肺结核准确率明显优于X线平片,CT在显示空洞型肺结核的空洞数目、大小、形态、周围卫星灶及结核沿支气管播散等方面明显优于X线平片,两者具有明显差异(P<0.05).     

胸部结节病的MSCT和MRI诊断

目的研究胸部结节病的影像特征,提高其影像诊断的准确率。方法对2004年1月～2009年4月间经病理证实结节病的60例影像资料进行分析和研究。结果胸部不融合的肿大淋巴结23例：其中肺门淋巴结肿大3例,纵隔淋巴结肿大1例,纵隔淋巴结并肺门淋巴结肿大19例;肺部有病变者37例：其中仅有肺部病变5例,肺部病变并纵隔淋巴结不融合肿大11例,肺部病变并肺门淋巴结不融合肿大8例,肺部病变并肺门和纵隔淋巴结不融合肿大13例。结论依据胸部结节病的MSCT和MRI的特征-胸部不融合的肿大淋巴结,大多可以明确诊断本病。     

支气管内膜结核X平片及CT影像学特点

目的:探讨支气管内膜结核(EBTB)的X平片以及CT特点.方法:分析55例EBTB患者的胸部平片以及CT结果,观察支气管的异常以及肺实质、淋巴结和胸膜改变.结果:支气管内膜结核胸部平片主要表现为肺不张以及肺内结核病灶,CT扫描55例EBTB患者肺野内有肺内病灶者53例,主要征象是支气管不同程度阻塞或狭窄,管壁增厚,支气管狭窄共61处,支气管狭窄伴肺不张25例,肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大或钙化16例,支气管壁钙化1例,合并胸膜病变43例.结论:EBTB的X线以及CT结果对EBTB的诊断及疗效判断具有重要临床意义.     

18F⁃FDG PET/CT扫描对肺结节病诊断价值的研究

目的：评价18F?氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层显像（18F?fluoro?2?deoxy?D?glucose position emission tomography/computer tomography,18F?FDG PET/CT）扫描在肺结节病诊断中的应用价值,以提高对该病的认识。方法：选取南京医科大学第一附属医院2009年8月至2018年4月期间经病理确诊且行18F?FDG PET/CT检查的11例住院患者,回顾性分析其18F?FDG PET/CT图像特征,结合其临床表现及实验室检查等进行分析总结。结果：11例患者临床表现及实验室检查均无特异性;18F?FDG PET/CT扫描均考虑为肺结节病,11例患者均可见双肺门淋巴结肿大、肺内病灶及肺外淋巴结肿大,10例伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论：18F?FDG PET/CT作为无创性检查,能准确反映结节病肺部及全身病灶分布情况,提高非典型结节病的诊断准确率。     

非典型胸部结节病的CT表现

目的 认识非典型胸部结节病的发生情况和CT表现.方法 回顾复习了43例符合诊断标准的胸部结节病的CT影像表现,凡无两侧肺门淋巴结肿大者为非典型胸部结节病.结果 22例呈非典型表现,其中以仅有纵隔淋巴结肿大者最多(9例),其次为伴纵隔淋巴肿大的一侧(1例);6例仅有肺部异常表现,而无胸部淋巴结肿大,在初诊时均误诊.18例非典型者发生在>50岁的病例中,仅4例发生在<50岁的病例中.结论 半数胸部结节病例的CT表现不典型,多发生在>50岁的较年长者中,容易引起误诊.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.