蠲痛饮对子宫内膜异位症大鼠PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白的影响

目的:探讨蠲痛饮对子宫内膜异位症(EMS)大鼠磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/雷帕霉素靶分子(mTOR)信号通路蛋白的影响。方法:采用自体子宫内膜移植法建立EMS大鼠模型,随机将48只大鼠分为正常组、模型组、蠲痛饮低、中、高剂量组、通路阻滞剂组(LY294002) 6组,分别给予蠲痛饮高、中、低剂量(42. 9,14. 3,4. 8 g·kg~(-1))灌胃,通路阻滞剂组予PI3K通路阻滞剂LY294002(0. 04 g·kg~(-1))腹腔注射,正常组及模型组每天按照10 mL·kg~(-1)给予生理盐水灌胃,各组持续用药28 d。应用透射电镜观察大鼠异位内膜组织超微结构,免疫组化法检测异位内膜组织PI3K,Akt,mTOR蛋白表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70S6K) mRNA相对含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组异位内膜PI3K,Akt,mTOR蛋白和p70S6K mRNA的表达都明显升高(P 0. 05);与模型组比较,蠲痛饮中、高剂量、通路阻滞剂组干预后PI3K,Akt,mTOR蛋白和p70S6K mRNA的表达明显降低(P 0. 05)。透射电镜下可见蠲痛饮低、中、高剂量组和通路阻滞剂组均能促进腺上皮细胞萎缩或欠整齐,微绒毛减少或消失,胞核固缩,胞内线粒体肿胀或减少,间质细胞凋亡。结论:PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路参与子宫内膜异位症发生;蠲痛饮可能通过下调PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路蛋白的表达及p70S6K mRNA表达,从而抑制上皮间质细胞活性,促进细胞凋亡,治疗子宫内膜异位症。     

6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine induces apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer MCF-7 cells by accumulating ROS to suppress the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine (6-MDS) is a natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from Hylomecon japonica (Thunb.) Prantl. It is the first time to explore the effect and mechanism of 6-MDS in breast cancer. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation technology were adopted to identify the potential targets and pathways of 6-MDS in breast cancer. Besides, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and western blotting assays were conducted to investigate the effect of 6-MDS on MCF-7 cells. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation results confirmed the effect of 6-MDS on resisting breast cancer via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, the functional experiments results demonstrated that 6-MDS inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis and autophagy. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and the silence of Atg5 augmented the effect of 6-MDS on promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, 6-MDS suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 enhanced these changes and promoted the 6-MDS pro-apoptotic and autophagy effects. 6-MDS triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species. The pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed the changes induced by 6-MDS, including increases in apoptosis and autophagy and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, 6-MDS induces the apoptosis and autophagy of MCF-7 cells by ROS accumulation to suppress the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.     

化瘀消癥复方对PI3 K/Akt/mTOR信号通路及输卵管妊娠滋养细胞的作用机制研究

目的探讨化瘀消癥复方对输卵管妊娠滋养细胞的凋亡、侵袭影响及PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的调控机制。方法以不同浓度的化瘀消癥复方水提液干预输卵管妊娠滋养细胞,设立空白组、甲氨蝶呤作为西药组、胞磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)抑制剂LY294002与雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian taget of rapamycin,mTOR)抑制剂雷帕霉素作为对照组,采用流式细胞术检测干预72小时后的细胞凋亡率,采用Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力,采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白的表达情况。结果各给药组均能上调细胞凋亡率,随着中药浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率上升,中药高剂量组较西药组对凋亡的促进作用更加明显(P<0.05);各给药组均能下调细胞过膜数,随着中药浓度的增加,穿过Transwell侵袭小室的细胞数减少,侵袭减弱,中药高剂量组与西药组对细胞侵袭力影响的对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中药各组细胞中的p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白的表达水平随着浓度增加而降低(P<0.05),与上下游通路抑制剂对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论化瘀消癥复方能够促进输卵管妊娠滋养细胞凋亡,抑制侵袭,且呈浓度依赖性,可能与其负调控细胞中PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的活性有关。     

红花多糖通过阻断PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路诱导人乳腺癌MDA-MB-435细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的研究红花多糖通过阻断PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路诱导人乳腺癌MDA-MB-435细胞凋亡的作用及其作用机制。方法将MDA-MB-435细胞分为对照组和红花多糖0.5、1.0 mg/mL组。MTT法及流式检测仪分别检测不同质量浓度红花多糖对MDA-MB-435细胞生长及凋亡的影响;RT-PCR及Western blotting法分别检测不同质量浓度红花多糖对MDA-MB-435细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。结果与对照组比较,红花多糖0.5 mg/mL组MDA-MB-435细胞抑制率为(21.52±2.43)%,红花多糖1.0 mg/mL组细胞抑制率为(27.73±3.75)%,显著高于红花多糖0.5 mg/m L组(P0.05);与对照组比较,红花多糖能够显著提高MDA-MB-435细胞凋亡率(P0.01),且呈剂量依赖性。RT-PCR及Western blotting实验结果显示,与对照组比较,红花多糖能够使MDA-MB-435细胞中PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P0.05、0.01)。结论红花多糖能有效抑制MDA-MB-435细胞的生长,促进其凋亡,作用可能是通过对PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路的阻断实现的。     

Retracted: Ganoderic acid A alleviates hypoxia‐induced apoptosis,autophagy, and inflammation in rat neural stem cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways

Effects of ganoderic acid A (GAA), a lanostane triterpene, on hypoxia‐ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) remain unclear. We aimed to figure out the specific role of GAA in hypoxia‐treated neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as the regulatory mechanisms. Primary rat NSCs were incubated under hypoxia to simulate HIE. Viability and apoptosis of hypoxia‐injured NSCs were measured by cell counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Proteins related to apoptosis, autophagy, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were evaluated by Western blot analysis. LY294002 and rapamycin were added to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway and mTOR pathway, respectively. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was carried out to test the release of proinflammatory cytokines. We found that hypoxia‐induced decrease of cell viability, increases of apoptotic cells and autophagy, and the release of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α were all attenuated by GAA stimulation. Activation of caspases induced by hypoxia was alleviated by GAA. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway eliminated the effects of GAA on apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines release in hypoxia‐injured NSCs. Meanwhile, inhibition of the mTOR pathway abrogated the effects of GAA on cell autophagy in hypoxia‐injured NSCs. In conclusion, GAA alleviated hypoxia‐induced injury in NSCs might be through activating the PI3K/AKT and mTOR pathways.     

Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway in PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by ethanolic neem leaf extract

Aim of the study

The present study is aimed to delineate the effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract on PI3K/Akt and apoptotic pathway in prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP).

Materials and methods

To test the hypothesis, two different prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP (androgen dependent) and PC-3 (androgen independent) were taken. Cells were exposed to various concentrations of ethanolic neem leaf extract (ENLE) (25-125 μg/ml). The doses were fixed by cell viability (MTT) assay. For apoptotic detection in situ apoptosis assay, caspase-3 activity and protein expression of cytochrome c and Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) were analysed as well as mRNA expression of Bcl-2 family proteins was studied by RT-PCR. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and p-Akt were analysed by western blotting and mRNA expression of Akt 1 and 2, PTEN was performed by RT-PCR. Immunoblotting of cyclin D1 and p21 was done to access the inhibition of cell proliferation.

Results

ENLE gives 50% inhibition at a dose of 100 μg/ml in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells and considered as effective dose. ENLE decreased the protein expression of PI3K as well as p-Akt and the mRNA expression of Akt 1and 2 in both the cells. There was a significant decrease in mRNA expression of PTEN in LNCaP cells. ENLE induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway. Decrease in p-Akt leads to increase in the protein level of Bad, p21 and decrease in the cyclin D1, respectively. ENLE treatment increased the cytochrome c expression and caspase-3 activity as well as regulated the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 family proteins thereby inducing apoptosis to both the cell lines. In situ apoptosis assay showed increased red fluorescence in 100 μg/ml of ENLE in both PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines.

Conclusions

The results suggested that ENLE induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation through inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells.     

探讨针刺水沟和内关对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响

目的:了解局灶性脑缺血再灌注后大鼠脑内PI3K、p-Akt及Caspase3的动态变化,以及针刺水沟、内关对其表达的影响。方法:采用改良的线栓法制备大脑中动脉阻塞1h,不同再灌注时间段(6h、1天、3天、5天、7天)的大鼠短暂局灶性脑缺血模型。应用TUNEL测定不同时点神经细胞凋亡情况,免疫组化和western blot测定不同时点蛋白的表达情况。结果:脑缺血再灌注后1天凋亡细胞百分率、PI3K、p-Akt水平达到峰值,而针刺水沟、内关组凋亡细胞百分率略低于同时点的对照组,相应蛋白表达水平较相同时点对照组增强;在灌注后3天Caspase3达到高峰,而针刺水沟和内关组其表达水平较对照组降低。结论:针刺水沟、内关的神经保护作用可能与PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。     

老鼠簕生物碱A对肝纤维化大鼠PI3K/Akt/m TOR/p70S6K信号通路的影响

目的观察老鼠簕生物碱A(HBOA)对四氯化碳(CCl4)致肝纤维化大鼠磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(m TOR)/p70核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70S6K)信号通路的影响,探讨HBOA抗肝纤维化的作用机制。方法大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组及HBOA高、中、低剂量(100、50、25 mg/kg)组和秋水仙碱(0.4 mg/kg)组。除对照组外,其余各组ig给予50%CCl4橄榄油溶液,每周2次,连续12周,诱导肝纤维化大鼠模型。于造模第9周起,给药组分别ig相应的受试药物,每天1次,给药4周。实验结束后,计算各组大鼠体质量变化、肝脏指数;检测各组大鼠肝匀浆中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blotting)法检测肝组织P-PI3K、p-Akt、p-mTOR、p-p70S6K蛋白的表达。结果与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠体质量增加量显著升高,均能降低肝脏指数及肝组织中ALT、AST活性;此外,HBOA高、中剂量组均能显著抑制p-PI3K、p-Akt、p-m TOR、p-p70S6K蛋白的表达。结论 HBOA对肝纤维化大鼠具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抑制PI3K/Akt/m TOR/p70S6K信号通路有关。     

PESV干预K562细胞PI3K/Akt 信号通路凋亡调控的研究

[目的]探讨PESV对K562细胞PI3K/Akt信号蛋白及凋亡调控因子Bcl-2和Bad表达的影响。[方法]将体外培养K562细胞,经PESV处理不同时间后,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测PI3K及p-Akt蛋白水平变化,实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测Bcl-2、Bad mRNA水平变化。[结果]与对照组相比,PESV处理后K562细胞凋亡率显著增加,PI3K及p-Akt表达降低,抗凋亡相关基因Bcl-2 mRNA表达降低,促凋亡基因Bad mRNA表达增加。[结论]PESV可能通过降低PI3K、Akt信号蛋白表达,调节Bcl-2和Bad表达,抑制K562细胞增殖,促进其凋亡。     

1-磷酸鞘氨醇通过PI3K/Akt信号通路对冠心病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的调控作用研究

目的:观察1-磷酸鞘氨醇通过磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B (Protein kinase B,Akt)信号通路对冠心病(Coronary heart disease,CHD)大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的调控作用。方法:将45只清洁级Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组和1-磷酸鞘氨醇(Sphingosine-1-phosphate,S1P)组,每组各15只。模型组和S1P组诱导CHD模型。模型诱导成功1周后,进行尾静脉注射给药。S1P组按1.0 mg/kg剂量给予S1P,假手术组和模型组分别给予等体积的生理盐水,每周1次,连续给药4周。采用TTC染色法测定各组大鼠的心肌梗死面积,使用TUNEL染色方法观察计算各组大鼠心肌细胞的凋亡指数,通过Western blot检测PI3K/Akt信号通路中相关蛋白PI3K、Akt及凋亡因子含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3 (Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3,Caspase-3)的表达情况。结果:TTC染色检测结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠均出现大面积的心肌梗死(P<0.01);与模型组比较,S1P组大鼠心肌梗死面积显著减小(P<0.01)。TUNEL染色结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡数量明显增加,其凋亡率显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,S1P组大鼠心肌细胞的凋亡指数显著降低(P<0.05)。Western blot检测结果显示,各组间PI3K、Akt蛋白表达量无显著性差异(P>0.05);与假手术组比较,模型组心肌细胞内p-PI3K、p-Akt的表达量显著下降(P<0.01),Caspase-3的表达水升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,S1P组p-PI3K、p-Akt的表达水平显著增加(P<0.01)。Caspase-3的表达水平降低(P<0.05)。结论:S1P可能是通过调节PI3K/Akt信号通路中相关蛋白的表达来有效抑制CHD大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的。     

姜黄素作用PTEN/PI3K/AKT通路诱导膀胱癌EJ细胞凋亡

目的:研究姜黄素抗癌作用的分子机制。方法:以人膀胱癌细胞株EJ为模型,采用MTT法、流式细胞术,检测姜黄素对EJ细胞生长和凋亡的影响,并通过Western Blotting法检测姜黄素对EJ细胞PTEN/PI3K/AKT通路凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。结果:姜黄素以浓度及时间依赖的方式抑制EJ细胞的增殖;流式细胞仪检测发现姜黄素作用于EJ细胞24 h后凋亡率呈剂量依赖性增加。Western Blotting显示50μM姜黄素作用EJ细胞后,PTEN、GSK-3β、C-raf、Bad、caspase-9、caspase-3的活性增强,PARP的裂解增加和Akt、PDK1的表达水平降低。结论:姜黄素能增加EJ细胞PTEN的表达,进而抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活,继之激活下游GSK-3β,caspase-9和Bad等多种促凋亡分子的表达,诱导EJ细胞发生凋亡。该研究表明PTEN/PI3K/Akt信号通路在姜黄素诱导的EJ膀胱癌细胞凋亡中起了重要作用。     

PI3K/Akt信号通路在抑郁症及抗抑郁中药作用机制研究中的进展

磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路是调节机体内细胞存活、分化及凋亡的重要信号通路之一,在癌症、糖尿病、神经系统疾病等的发生及相关药物作用机制研究中具有重要作用。近年来,人们逐渐开始关注该通路在抑郁症以及抗抑郁中药作用机制研究中的作用。对PI3K/Akt信号通路关键靶标与抑郁症的关系、PI3K/Akt信号通路在抑郁症中的作用以及PI3K/Akt信号通路在抗抑郁中药作用机制研究中的进展进行综述,为抑郁症的治疗及抗抑郁药物研发提供参考依据。     

血管软化丸调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路影响细胞自噬及抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制研究

目的通过观察血管软化丸对磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路的调控,研究血管软化丸抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法动物实验,观察各组小鼠主动脉横截面病理损伤程度,观察血管软化丸对小鼠主动脉组织Akt、mTOR mRNA和蛋白质表达。体外实验,观察血管软化丸含药血清、Akt抑制剂康士得、mTOR抑制剂雷帕霉素及mTOR-siRNA对小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞的影响,观察巨噬细胞自噬体的变化,观察含药血清对巨噬细胞微管相关蛋白LC3-II表达的影响,观察含药血清对巨噬细胞Akt、mTOR、微管相关蛋白LC3-II及自噬相关蛋白Beclin 1的表达的影响,观察含药血清对巨噬细胞分泌炎症因子水平的影响。结果动物实验显示:血管软化丸组动脉粥样硬化病变程度明显较轻。与对照组比较,血管软化丸组小鼠主动脉组织Akt和mTOR表达水平明显较低(均P<0.05)。体外实验发现,与对照组相比,血管软化丸含药血清组和各抑制剂组透射电镜下观察到自噬体数量明显较大(均P<0.05),巨噬细胞微管相关蛋白LC3-II和Beclin1表达明显升高(均P<0.05),而Akt及mTOR的mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显较低(均P<0.05),巨噬细胞分泌的炎症因子IL-10水平明显高低(P<0.05),而炎症因子IFN-γ水平明显较高(P<0.05)。结论血管软化丸通过抑制炎症反应治疗动脉粥样硬化的分子机制可能与调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路,调节巨噬细胞自噬,减少斑块巨噬细胞浸润有关。     

PI3K/Akt信号通路与血管性痴呆的关系及中药干预作用研究进展

血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,Va D)的临床表现主要包括脑血管病变和认知功能障碍,其发生、发展与脑血流量和神经元存活状态密切相关。研究表明,磷酸肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase,PKB/Akt)信号通路广泛存在各种细胞中,在脑微血管内皮细胞(brain microvascular endothelial cells,BMEC)中可以通过下游内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,e NOS)/一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)途径调节血管舒缩功能及脑血流量;在神经元中可以对抗神经元凋亡,促进神经元存活,是Va D发生、发展过程的重要环节之一。到目前为止,一些研究发现部分中药、有效成分及复方可通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路而发挥神经保护作用,有必要对该方面研究进展做一综述,以期为今后深入研究提供参考。     

Poncirin downregulates ATP‐binding cassette transporters to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in cisplatin‐resistant osteosarcoma cells

Poncirin, a flavanone glycoside with bitter taste extracted from dried immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliate, exhibits multiple biological activities including anti‐tumor activity. Our study aimed to determine the effect and potential mechanism of poncirin on cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. CCK‐8, flow cytometry analysis, and caspase‐3/7 activity assays were used to evaluate cisplatin sensitivity. The expression changes of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway‐related proteins were detected by RT‐qPCR or western blot analyses. Results showed that poncirin exposure enhanced cisplatin sensitivity, promoted apoptosis, and increased caspase‐3/7 activity in cisplatin‐resistant OS cells. Poncirin decreased the expression levels of MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP, and inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling in OS cells. Rescue experiments suggested that activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling by 740Y‐P abolished poncirin‐induced expression reduction of MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP, and attenuated the facilitative effects of poncirin on cisplatin sensitivity and apoptosis in cisplatin‐resistant OS cells. In summary, poncirin suppressed cisplatin resistance in cisplatin‐resistant OS cells by downregulating the expression of MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Retracted: Ganoderic Acid A exerts the cytoprotection against hypoxia‐triggered impairment in PC12 cells via elevating microRNA‐153

Ganoderic Acid A (GAA) is often applied for healing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ailments, but the influences in cerebral ischemia injury are still hazy. The research delved into the functions of GAA in hypoxia‐triggered impairment in PC12 cells. PC12 cells received hypoxia management for 12 hr, and subsequently, cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and correlative protein levels were assessed. After preprocessing with GAA, above cell behaviors were monitored again. The vector of microRNA (miR)‐153 inhibitor was utilized for PC12 cell transfection to further explore the functions of miR‐153 in hypoxia‐impaired cells. Pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were investigated via executing western blot for uncovering the latent mechanism. Results revealed that hypoxia disposition triggered PC12 cells impairment via restraining cell viability and migration and accelerating apoptosis. However, GAA visibly mollified hypoxia‐provoked impairment in PC12 cells. Interestingly, the enhancement of miR‐153 triggered by GAA was observed in hypoxia‐impaired PC12 cells. After miR‐153 inhibitor transfection, the protective functions of GAA in hypoxia‐impaired PC12 cells were dramatically inversed. Furthermore, GAA caused PI3K/AKT and mTOR activations via enhancement of miR‐153 in hypoxia‐impaired PC12 cells. The findings evinced that GAA exhibited the protective functions in PC12 cells against hypoxia‐evoked impairment through activating PI3K/AKT and mTOR via elevating miR‐153.     

PI3K/Akt信号通路在糖尿病肾病中的作用及中药干预的研究进展

糖尿病肾病是一类由糖尿病引起的慢性肾脏疾病,临床上主要以持续白蛋白尿和(或)肾小球滤过率进行性下降为特征,是糖尿病患者致残和致死的重要原因之一。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB/Akt)信号通路是人体内参与细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡等生理活动的经典信号通路,目前,学者们对糖尿病肾病的发生发展以及药物治疗糖尿病肾病的机制进行了广泛的研究,发现PI3K/Akt信号通路在其中占重要地位。阐述了PI3K/Akt信号通路关键靶标与糖尿病肾病的关系,以便明确PI3K/Akt信号通路在糖尿病肾病中发挥的作用机制;对靶向PI3K/Akt信号通路治疗糖尿病肾病的中药进行系统性总结,以期为糖尿病肾病的治疗以及进一步的药物开发提供参考。     

加味四君子汤含药血清对肝癌Hep-G2细胞的影响

目的:探讨加味四君子汤含药血清对肝癌Hep-G2细胞增殖、凋亡、周期的影响及其作用机制。方法:不同浓度加味四君子汤含药血清处理Hep-G2细胞后,采用细胞活性检测试剂盒(CCK-8)检测细胞增殖;Annexin V/碘化丙啶(PI)流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和周期;hoechst33342荧光染色观察细胞凋亡形态;免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/雷帕霉素靶蛋白(m TOR)信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果:加味四君子汤含药血清呈浓度依赖性抑制肝癌Hep-G2细胞的增殖,诱导Hep-G2细胞凋亡,阻滞细胞于G0/G1期。hoechst33342染色后,随着含药血清浓度的增加,Hep-G2细胞核显著呈碎块状致密浓染。同时,加味四君子汤含药血清能够抑制Hep-G2细胞Akt,m TOR,核糖体S6蛋白激酶(S6),真核翻译起始因子4E结合蛋白1(4EBP1)的磷酸化,从而上调Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)和下调细胞周期蛋白(Cyclin D1),B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)的表达。加味四君子汤含药血清与300 nmol·L-1的PI3K/m TOR双重抑制剂VS-5584联合使用具有协同作用,含药血清能增强PI3K/m TOR双重抑制剂VS-5584对Hep-G2细胞中PI3K/Akt/m TOR信号通路靶点Akt和m TOR磷酸化的抑制作用。结论:加味四君子汤含药血清能抑制Hep-G2细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡,阻滞其于G0/G1期,其机制可能通过阻断PI3K/Akt/m TOR信号通路而实现。     

BAFF/BAFF-R involved in antibodies production of rats with collagen-induced arthritis via PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and the regulation of paeoniflorin

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Paeoniflorin (Pae) is extracted from the root of paeonia lactiflora which have attracted attention for anti-rheumatic and immune modulating properties.

Aim of the study

To investigate the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling mediated by BAFF/BAFF-R in antibodies production and the regulation of Pae on the signaling pathway in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Materials and methods

CIA rats were randomly separated into different groups and treated with Pae (25, 100 mg/kg) from day 18 to day 38 after immunization. The effects of Pae on B lymphocytes of CIA rats were evaluated by the levels of BAFF, anti-CII antibody, IgA, IgG and IgM, and the expressions of BAFF-R, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR.

Results

In CIA rats, the levels of anti-CII antibody, IgA, IgG and IgM in serum enhanced, BAFF, BAFF-R, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR were highly expressed. Pae (100 mg/kg) obviously decreased arthritis score, relieved ankle and paw swelling, improved spleen histopathology in CIA rats, decreased the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG and anti-CII antibody, and significantly decreased the expressions of BAFF, BAFF-R, PI3K, p-Akt and mTOR.

Conclusion

PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling mediated by BAFF/BAFF-R participates in antibodies production by B lymphocytes of CIA rats. Pae had therapeutic effects on rats with CIA. These effects might be relative to regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal mediated by BAFF/BAFF-R, and down regulate the antibodies production further.     

蜂毒素靶向PTEN/PI3K/Akt信号通路调控非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、凋亡

目的蜂毒素能否调控非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、凋亡,及其可能的作用机制。方法体外培养非小细胞肺癌细胞A549,在其中加入不同浓度蜂毒素进行干预(0、1、2、4 mg/L),MTT检测细胞增殖抑制率,Annexin V FITC/PI联合流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,Western Blot 检测细胞内PTEN、p-PI3K和p-Akt蛋白表达,RT-PCR检测细胞内p53和CyclinD1基因表达。结果蜂毒素能有效抑制A549细胞的增殖,促进细胞的凋亡,上调细胞PTEN的蛋白表达量,下调p-PI3K和p-Akt蛋白表达量,各浓度间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);蜂毒素能诱导p53 mRNA、抑制CyclinD1 mRNA的表达,各浓度间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论蜂毒素能通过调控PTEN/PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制A549细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡。