Immunity Parameters in Mice of Different Strains

Quantitative composition and functional activity of immunocompetent cells differ in mice of different strains. The counts of T cells in the bone marrow and spleen, proliferative activity of T cells in the spleen, levels of IL-2 and IL-10 production by splenic T cells, number of antigen-specific T cells and their functional activity are low in C57Bl/6, BALB/c, and CC57W mice and high in CBA/CaLac, DBA/2, and C3H animals. Low phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was detected in BALB/c and CC57W mice and high activity in C3H animals. The content of antibody-producing cells in the spleens of C57Bl/6, BALB/c, and CC57W mice is higher than in CBA/CaLac, DBA/2, C3H, A/SN, and AKR/JY mice. Functional activity of B cells is lower in BALB/c and CC57W compared to CBA/CaLac and DBA/2 mice. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 8, pp. 189–191, August, 2005     

Functional Activity of the Adrenal Cortex in Mice of Opposite Strains with Candidiasis

Experiments were performed on two opposite strains of mice differing in the basal blood glucocorticoid concentration in the blood. Infection of animals with C. albicans fungi led to the development of hypocorticism. C57Bl/6 and CBA mice with progressive candidiasis showed a persistent and phasic course of hypocorticism, respectively. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 9, pp. 279–281, September, 2005     

Involvement of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Dendritic Cells in a Mouse Model of Chemical-induced Asthma

PurposeExposure to low concentrations of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) leads to immune-mediated chemical-induced asthma. The role of the adaptive immune system has already been thoroughly investigated; nevertheless, the involvement of innate immune cells in the pathophysiology of chemical-induced asthma is still unresolved. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in a mouse model for chemical-induced asthma.MethodsOn days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice were dermally treated (20 µL/ear) with 0.5% TDI or the vehicle acetone olive oil (AOO; 2:3). On days 15, 17, 19, 22 and 24, the mice received an oropharyngeal challenge with 0.01% TDI or AOO (1:4). One day after the last challenge, airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine was assessed, followed by an evaluation of pulmonary inflammation and immune-related parameters, including the cytokine pattern in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lymphocyte subpopulations of the lymph nodes and their ex vivo cytokine production profile, blood immunoglobulins and DC and ILC subpopulations in the lungs.ResultsBoth DC and ILC2 were recruited to the lungs after multiple airway exposures to TDI, regardless of the prior dermal sensitization. However, prior dermal sensitization with TDI alone results in AHR and predominant eosinophilic airway inflammation, accompanied by a typical type 2 helper T (Th2) cytokine profile.ConclusionsTDI-induced asthma is mediated by a predominant type 2 immune response, with the involvement of adaptive Th2 cells. However, from our study we suggest that the innate ILC2 cells are important additional players in the development of TDI-induced asthma.     

Response of Mononuclear Phagocyte System to Experimental Tuberculosis in Mice of Opposite Strains

Genetically determined peculiarities of the reaction of the mononuclear phagocyte system to BCG vaccine manifested in CBA and C57Bl/6 mice by differences in the number and size of granulomas and time course of changes in the cellular composition of granulomas, peripheral blood, and bone marrow. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 8, pp. 227–230, August, 2005     

Reactions of Immune System to Immobilization Stress in Inbred Mice of Different Strains

Mice of different strains can be classified by the intensity of humoral immune reaction to thymus-dependent antigen as high, moderate, and low responders. High and moderate responders (CBA/CaLac, DBA/1, BALB/c) are characterized by high sensitivity of the productive phase of humoral immune response and phagocytic activity of macrophages to immobilization stress. In low responders (C57BL/6, CC57W) stress only slightly affected the productive phase of the humoral immune response, but activity of peritoneal macrophages decreased. These differences in the reactions of the immune system of inbred mice after immobilization stress reflect different reactions of the immune system to extreme factors.     

不同纯系小鼠免疫球蛋白分泌细胞的检测

本文介绍用反向溶血空斑技术对三种纯系小鼠的脾和骨髓中自然免疫球蛋白分泌细胞(IgSC)数的检测,其结果如下:在8周龄时,C57BL小鼠,BALB/c小鼠及BALB/c裸小鼠脾中每10~5个有核细胞的IgSC数分别为81.8±51.6,71±47与178±42,这三纯系小鼠骨髓中每10~5个有核细胞的IgSC数分别为20.4±10.3、8.0±4.9与7.8±2.2。这些结果表明:(1)在出生8周左右,三种纯系小鼠脾中的IgSC数皆多于各自骨髓中的IgSC数。(2)C57BL小鼠体内IgSC数多于BALB/c小鼠的IgSC数,两系鼠骨髓中IgSC数的差别有显著性。(3)与预料的相反,裸小鼠睥中的IgSC数多于MHC基因相同的正常小鼠的水平。这提示,有关裸小鼠B细胞增殖与分化的调控机制有待进一步研究。     

Functional Ontogeny of Human Lymphoid Cells as a Factor in Maternal-Fetal Tolerance

ABSTRACT: The development of immunocompetence during gestation depends upon the sequential differentiation of antigen-specific lymphoid cells in the context of epithelial inducing microenvironments. These early intrauterine events, which appear to be antigen-independent, include clonal diversification of idiotypes and isotypes as well as commitment to B or T cell lineages. The steps in cellular maturation can be traced through the use of lymphocyte differentiation markers. Cooperation among lymphoid subsets, as well as from nonlymphoid cells and possibly other cofactors, is necessary for the effective function of this array of lymphocytes. The rate of expansion of functional immunity may be limited as much by the ontogeny of these collaborating influences as by the intrinsic immaturity of the B and T cells themselves.     

Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Promising New Regulator in Fibrotic Diseases

Fibrosis is a consequence of chronic inflammation and the persistent accumulation of extracellular matrix, for which the cycle of tissue injury and repair becomes a predominant feature. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems play key roles in the progress of fibrosis. The recently identified subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are mainly localize to epithelial surfaces, have been characterized as regulators of chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling, representing a functional bridge between the innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, recent research has implicated ILCs as potential contributing factors to several kinds of fibrosis diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we will summarize and discuss the key roles of ILCs and their related factors in fibrotic diseases and their potential for translation to the clinic.     

成骨诱导:兔骨髓间充质干细胞的形态和功能特征

目的 探讨体外成骨诱导的兔骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)的形态和功能特征，为骨组织工程中种子细胞的研究提供依据。方法 选用生长状态良好的传l代的兔MSCs，在体外进行成骨活性诱导，并进行形态学观察和碱性磷酸酶、骨钙紊等功能性指标的检测。结果 体外成骨诱导的兔骨髓间充质干细胞从诱导的第2周即开始表达成骨细胞的活性，到第4周趋于成熟，此过程中性态和功能均具有一定的阶段性。结论 经过体外成骨诱导的兔MSCs表现出典型的成骨细胞阶段性形态特征和功能特征，可以作为骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

Effects of Etoposide and Fludarabine in Subtoxic Doses on Karyotype of Human Malignant Lymphoid Namalwa Cells

We studied changes in the karyotype of transplanted Namalwa cells induced by DNA-damaging antitumor preparations etoposide and fludarabine in subtoxic doses. The relative number of cells containing increased number of chromosomes and the incidence of chromatid aberrations with primary damage to chromosomes 2, 5, 11, 16, and 17 increased. Cytogenetic changes developed even after short-term incubation of cells with antitumor preparations and were observed during further culturing in a medium not containing etoposide or fludarabine.     

Morphologic and Morphometric Study of the two Main Cell Lineages Involved in Mycosis Fungoides: The Lymphoid Cells and the Langerhans Cells

A comparative light and electron microscopic study was carried out on skin biopsies from 5 mycosis fungoides patients (stages II and III). In addition, certain zinc-iodide-osmium (ZIO) procedures that selectively reveal the Langerhans cells (LC) were also applied. Several morphometric analyses, such as relative frequency, cell size, nuclearxell ratios and nuclear contour indexes, were performed.

Two main cell lineages were found in the dermal infiltrate: the lymphoid cells, represented by lympho-blastlike cells (LB), lymphocytes (L), and mycosis fungoides cells (MFC), and the Langerhans cells. A pattern of cellular organization of the dermal infiltrate was recognized. The LC appeared as the “organizing” cell. The morphometric study indicated that all LB, L, and MFC have the chance, at the same time, to be in contact with a LC. The application of the ZIO procedures clearly indicated a “translocation” of the LC, since they were scarce or absent from the epidermis and numerous in the dermis. Evidence is presented indicating that differentiation of LB into L and malignant transformation of L into MFC are processes occurring predominantly in the dermis.

It is postulated that in the chronic stages of mycosis fungoides, L-LC contacts occur mainly in the dermis and not in the epidermis and that the development of malignant clones may occur in the dermis.     

载异种移植瘤的裸鼠Ig分泌细胞的检测

裸鼠对子异种移植肿瘤不能产生有效的免疫排斥反应。为了观察裸鼠对异种移植肿瘤是否能产生其它类别的免疫应答,本文用葡萄球菌蛋白A空斑形成细胞检测法对6只健康的BALB/c裸鼠和9只载有人类移植瘤的裸鼠的脾和骨髓作了免疫球蛋白分泌细胞(IgSC)的检测。结果表明,载瘤裸鼠脾和骨髓中IgSC的数量分别高于健康裸鼠相应部位的IgSC数量。载瘤与未载瘤两组裸鼠骨髓中每10~5个有核细胞的IgSC数分别为72±21和7.8±2.2,两数的差别有显著性(t=6.48,P<0.001)。载瘤裸鼠骨髓IgSC的增加显然是由于肿瘤细胞的刺激引起的。     

Oxysterol Sensing through the Receptor GPR183 Promotes the Lymphoid-Tissue-Inducing Function of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Colonic Inflammation

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Carnosine-Induced Changes in the Development of Spermatogenic Epithelial Cells in Senescence Accelerated SAM Mice

Carnosine significantly increased the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in mice prone (SAMP1) and resistant (SAMR1) to accelerated aging and appreciably reduced cell yield in meiosis and spermiogenesis in SAMP1 mice. In experimental SAMP1 mice catastrophic changes in the number of gametes were paralleled by intensive degradation of the spermatogenic epithelium. In SAMR1 mice treated with carnosine highly ordered spermatogenic structure was preserved. __________ Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 140, No. 8, pp. 206–209, August, 2005     

Lipid-Droplet Formation Drives Pathogenic Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Airway Inflammation

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T and B Cells in Various Lymphoid Tissues in Mice: Membrane Immunofluorescence with Purified Lymphoid Cells

The proportion of T and B cells in several lymphoid tissues of the mouse was determined by membrane immunofluorescence. Lymphoid cell preparations were purified by glass-wool column and Hypoque-Ficoll sedimentation to eliminate the large majority of non-lymphoid cells which might introduce counting errors on fluorescence microscopy. FITC-labelled horse anti-mouse-globulin did not stain thymocytes (T cells) whereas it did stain a proportion of the lymphocytes of other lymphoid tissues (B cells): peripheral blood, 11%; bone marrow, lymph node, 23%; spleen, 24%. These results correlated well with the proportion of cells stained by anti-B cell sera obtained by the complete absorption of anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) with thymocytes.     

Immunophenotypical Characteristics of Permanent Cultures of Lymphoid Cells from Papio Hamadryas and Macaca Arctoides

Immunophenotypical characteristics of primate cells were studied by enzyme immunoassay and flow cytofluorometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to human B- and T-lymphocyte antigens. Specific features of immunophenotype of cultured cells were detected. Simian lymphoid cultures consist of a mixture of B- and T-cells with mosaic antigenic structure expressing markers of B and T cell specificity.     

Adventitial Stromal Cells Define Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Tissue Niches

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Identification of Informative Strains and Provisional QTL Mapping of Amphetamine (AMPH)-Induced Locomotion in Recombinant Congenic Strains (RCS) of Mice

Amphetamine (AMPH)-induced locomotor activity is a rodent behavioral trait that reflects mesolimbic dopaminergic activity. To identify potential quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with this behavior, we used 34 recombinant congenic strains (RCSs) of mice derived from A/J (A strains) and C57BL/6J (B strains) and measured AMPH-induced total distance traveled (AMPH-TDIST). Two strains in the A panel (A52 and A63) showed significantly elevated AMPH-TDIST compared to the parental A/J strain and behaved similarly to C57BL/6J. Simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) markers on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 20 were significantly associated with AMPH-TDIST in the A strains. Within the B panel, two strains (B81 and B74) had significantly higher and two strains (B69 and B75) had significantly lower AMPH-TDIST than C57BL/6J. Markers associated with AMPH-TDIST in the B strains appeared on chromosomes 5, 17 and 20. Combining data from this approach and other genetic (mapping data in humans) and functional (cDNA expression) sources may help to identify suitable candidate genes relevant to human disorders where mesolimbic dopamine dysregulation has been postulated.Edited by Stephen Maxson