低分子肝素预防髋膝关节手术后下肢深静脉血栓形成研究

目的：探讨低分子肝素在预防髋、膝关节手术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床效果。方法：对照组60例患者术前不采用任何下肢深静脉血栓预防性治疗;研究组60例患者术前12h于腹部行皮下注射低分子肝素钙注射液。结果：研究组患者术后下肢深静脉血栓发生率明显高于对照组,数据经统计学比较具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：利用低分子肝素预防髋、膝关节手术后下肢深静脉血栓形成具有良好的临床疗效和安全性,适合于,l当床推广应用。     

直肠癌术后血凝状态变化及预防

目的　对比研究直肠癌患者术后血液高凝状态的发生、发展及相应的临床检测和有效的临床干预。方法　直肠癌患者 60例 ,随机分为对照组和低分子肝素 (LMWH )组。LMWH组术后第 1天开始预防性应用LMWH 5 0 0 0u/d ,共 7d。各组均于术前、术后 2周测定血液流变学指标及观察血凝状态。结果　 60例直肠癌患者术前全血还原黏度 (BRV)低切、高切偏高 ,术后直肠癌对照组BRV低切 (2 0 5 1± 5 38)mPa·s ,高切 (5 70± 3 2 4)mPa·s ,5例出现静脉血栓 ,占 17% ,直肠癌LMWH组BRV低切 (13 30± 5 2 5 )mPa·s ,高切 (4 98± 3 43)mPa·s ,无一例出现血栓。两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。直肠癌LMWH组无一例有出血等副作用。结论　直肠癌患者术前、术后均呈现血液高凝状态 ,术后血液高凝状态更加明显 ,静脉血栓发病率较高 ,术后及时进行LMWH的干预 ,可缓和血液高凝状态 ,减少和避免静脉血栓的形成。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术后的远期疗效观察

通过对６９例经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）后２８～７２个月,平均（４５．９１±１２．８６）月的患者进行门诊随访,以确定远期疗效及其影响因素。结果：６９例超声心动图的术前、术后３～７ｄ,随诊的二尖瓣面积（ＭＶＡ）、左房大小（ＬＡ）、二尖瓣跨瓣压力阶差（ＰＧ）分别为（１３０．１２±２０．２９）ｍｍ２、（４５．４８±６．２２）ｍｍ、（１２．１４±３．４９）ｍｍＨｇ;（２４６．８９±６０．８５）ｍｍ２、（４２．０４±６．７２）ｍｍ、（４．３９±２．００）ｍｍＨｇ;（１９２．１２±６１．２５）ｍｍ２、（４０．３０±５．６３）ｍｍ、（６．８８±４．０５）ｍｍＨｇ。术前与术后３～７ｄ相比Ｐ＜０．００１,术前与随访相比Ｐ＜０．００１,有２４例（３５％）发生再狭窄。检查结果说明：ＰＢＭＶ术后远期疗效良好。术前二尖瓣瓣膜及瓣下结构的病变程度、房颤、随访时间、风湿活动等因素对ＰＢＭＶ的远期疗效有一定的影响。     

老年全膝关节置换术72例低分子肝素配伍巴曲亭抗凝效果观察

目的:探讨老年重度膝关节骨性关节炎人工全膝关节置换术应用低分子肝素抗凝中加用巴曲亭的临床效果。方法:选择在我院进行人工全膝关节置换术治疗的137例重度膝关节骨性关节炎患者,随机分为治疗组(72例)和对照组(65例)。两组患者均在手术前预防性使用低分子肝素,治疗组在此基础上注射巴曲亭,对照组给予相同剂量的安慰剂。观察比较两组患者术中、术后引流量,凝血水平,下肢静脉血流情况。结果:治疗组患者术中、术后引流量平均为432.45±112.20ml,212.47±75.33ml,对照组患者术中、术后引流量平均为635.72±99.53ml,275.61±107.40ml,两组患者术中、术后引流量相比有显著性差异(P<0.05);术前、术毕及术后24h凝血水平:治疗组PT分别为11.14±0.75s,11.35±0.68s,11.27±0.82s;APTT分别为29.37±3.68s,30.57±4.42s,30.18±3.70s;Fbg分别为3.26±0.67g/L,3.29±0.74g/L,3.05±0.61g/L。对照组PT分别为11.14±0.75s,11.33±0.79s,11.54±0.72s;APTT分别为30.08±4.16s,30.47±4.55s,29.79±3.65s;Fbg分别为3.25±0.62g/L,3.14±0.73g/L,3.12±0.77g/L,两组患者术前、术毕及术后24h凝血水平相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后5d下肢深静脉彩色多普勒超声检查示:观察组有2例发生下肢深静脉血栓,对照组发生1例下肢深静脉血栓,其余患者的下肢深静脉回流速度和回流血量:治疗组术前、术后分别为6.38±2.19cm/s,3.77±2.12ml/s,6.09±1.87cm/s,3.56±1.58ml/s。对照组术前、术后分别为6.28±2.10cm/s,3.82±1.97ml/s,6.10±1.89cm/s,3.56±1.56ml/s。两组下肢深静脉回流速度和回流血量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:术前应用巴曲亭能够明显减少应用低分子肝素抗凝的全膝关节置换术患者的出血量,且不会增加下肢静脉血栓的发生率。     

小剂量生长抑素预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的临床研究

目的：探讨生长抑素对内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）术后患者高淀粉酶血症及化学性胰腺炎的预防作用。方法：１２８例行ＥＲＣＰ患者随机分为两组：预防组６６例患者,分别于ＥＲＣＰ术前及术后各静滴生长抑素２５０μｇ;对照组６２例,仅静脉滴注５％葡萄糖溶液。两组患者分别检查术前及术后４和２４ｈ血淀粉酶水平及观察化学性胰腺炎发生情况。结果：预防组ＥＲ－ＣＰ术后４,２４ｈ血清淀粉酶分别为（２９８±３３）和（１４０±１５６）Ｕ／Ｌ,明显低于对照组的（３８０±３３）和（２４０±２１０）Ｕ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）;预防组６６例中发生化学性胰腺炎１例（１．５％）,对照组发生３例（４．８％）,相差显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：生长抑素能有效地预防ＥＲＣＰ术后高淀粉酶血症及化学性胰腺炎。     

低分子量肝素治疗不稳定型心绞痛临床观察

目的：观察低分子量肝素治疗不稳定型心绞痛（ＵＡＰ）的临床疗效及安全性。方法：所选对象为３２例ＵＡＰ住院病人。经过常规治疗 １周后,临床症状及 ＥＣＧ无明显改善,在原治疗基础上加用低分子量肝素（商品名：克赛）每公斤体重１ｍｇ,腹部皮下注射 ｑ１２ｈ,持续 ７～ １０天。结果：心绞痛症状改善情况,临床总有效率 ８７．５％。 ＥＣＧ改善情况,临床总有效率８４．４％。血小板治疗前后分别为１９８±４２,１４１±５１．９（Ｐ＜０．０１）;凝血酶原时间治疗前后分别为１３．００±０．７５,１３． ８９±１．７１（Ｐ＜０．０５）,较治疗前均有明显改善。不良反应发生３例,且轻微。结论：低分子量肝素治疗ＵＡＰ方法简便、安全、可靠,疗效确切,具有临床推广应用价值。     

流行性出血热患者外周血单个核细胞对重组白细胞介素—2的…

作采用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入法检测了流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）患外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）对重组ＩＬ－２的体外增殖反应。结果表明，ＥＨＦ患各病期的刺激指数为：发热期３９．７±１０．７（ｘ±ｓｘ）少尿期４３．１±８．３，多尿期２８．７±５．２恢复期２９．９±７．４与正常对照组（３５．４．５）相比，无明显差异。提示ＥＨＦ患ＰＢＭＣ对外源性ＩＬ－２保持着良好的反应能力。早期使用ＩＬ－２治疗或许有助...     

持续气道正压通气治疗OSA的疗效评价

目的：为观察经鼻持续气道正压通气（ＣＰＡＰ）治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（ＯＳＡ）的疗效。方法：７６例非选择性患者连续进行两夜多导睡眠图检查,第１夜进行诊断,第２夜同时应用ＳｌｅｅｐＥａｓｙⅢ或Ｒｅｍｓｔａｒ型ＣＰＡＰ机对患者进行整夜经鼻正压通气治疗,记录ＣＰＡＰ治疗前、后多导睡眠图参数及临床表现。结果：经ＣＰＡＰ治疗后患者夜间打鼾１００％消失,６５例白天困倦缓解,有效率为８６％,多导睡眠图资料显示阻塞型呼吸暂停次数由１９３．５±１６６．３下降为２４．８±２５．９（Ｐ＜０．０１）;呼吸低通气次数由１４５．１±９７．１下降至３６．１±３８．５;睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数由４０．８±１８．２减至８．２±８．５（Ｐ＜０．０１）;最低血氧饱和度从（７４．８±１１．４）％上升至（９４．３±３．７）％,血氧饱和度低于９０％的时间占总睡眠时间的百分比从（３３．７±２１．５）％降至（０．１±２．１）％;心律失常时间（７９．５±８２．７）ｍｉｎ降至（６．６±１３．３）ｍｉｎ,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：ＣＰＡＰ使阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停患者呼吸暂停和低通气消除、低氧血症缓解、心律失常得到纠正,是一安全、有效的治疗ＯＳＡ的措施     

球囊扩张术治疗二尖瓣闭式扩张术后再狭窄

目的：探讨二尖瓣闭式扩张术后再狭窄的病人行二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）的可行性及其手术效果。方法：对３１例二尖瓣闭式扩张术后再狭窄的患者行ＰＢＭＶ术,观察术前后二尖瓣口面积、左心房压、二尖瓣跨瓣压、左房直径的变化。并与１０３例单纯ＰＢＭＶ病人的手术效果比较。结果：闭式术组二尖瓣口面积、左心房压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差、左房直径分别由０．９９±０．２４ｃｍ２、２６．４５±８．３７ｍｍＨｇ、１６．３７±５．２３ｍｍＨｇ、５．８３±０．８４ｃｍ改变为１．６６±０．１７ｃｍ２、１８．４３±６．６０ｍｍＨｇ、３．８８±１．６５７ｍｍＨｇ、５．３０±０．７５ｃｍ,均有显著性差别。与１０３例行单纯ＰＢＭＶ术的病人比较,二尖瓣面积增加值、左房压下降值改变较小,有显著性差别。结论：ＰＢＭＶ是二尖瓣闭式扩张术后再狭窄病人的可行选择。但其手术效果较单纯二尖瓣球囊扩张术者稍差。     

神经外科手术后静脉血栓栓塞症预防性治疗研究

目的评估神经外科患者在围手术期皮下注射低分子肝素预防深静脉血栓栓塞症的安全性及有效性.方法实验组100例,术前12h至术后7d,每日皮下连续注射低分子肝素03ml.对照组100例,未行任何预防性抗凝措施.两组患者于术前和术后每隔7d分别行双下肢深静脉彩色超声多普勒检查,观察下肢深静脉血栓发生情况.结果实验组无深静脉血栓发生,术后血小板计数和凝血功能检查与手术前检查无显著性差异,无术后颅内出血者;对照组发生深静脉血栓10例(10%),1例发生症状性肺栓塞并死亡.结论神经外科患者在围手术期使用皮下注射低分子肝素预防深静脉血栓形成是安全有效的.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.