Two unusual cases of severe dysbarism after compressed air work in Hong Kong

Two cases of unusual severe dysbarism are reported. One case occurred after working in compressed air at a pressure of 2.05 kg/cm2 (29 psi) for a duration of 27 min; the second case, after working for a duration of 6 h at a pressure of only 1.0 kg/cm2 (14.2 psi). The first case presented a combination of symptoms resembling "the chokes" and "the staggers," progressing into shock probably due to micro-air embolism. The second suffered chest pain and "the chokes," complicated by an underlying chest infection. Both were treated successfully by recompression.     

作业场所空气中邻氯甲苯的溶剂解吸气相色谱测定法

目的　建立作业场所空气中邻氯甲苯的溶剂解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法　用活性炭管采集空气中的邻氯甲苯 ,样品经二硫化碳溶剂解吸 ,色谱仪检测。结果　当空气中邻氯甲苯的浓度范围在 2 5～ 10mg/m3 时 ,方法的精密度即合并变异为 1 3 1% ;回归方程式Y =13 6 2 7 0X ,相关系数r =0 9995。最低检测限 0 3× 10 -3 μg(进样 1 0 μl)。总平均解吸效率为 92 0 % ;当发生空气中邻氯甲苯的浓度范围在 70～ 90mg/m3 时 ,用该法采样 3～ 4h ,每 10 0mg活性炭对其最大吸附容量为 8 5mg(漏出率 <1 5 % ,尚未穿透 )。吸附于炭管中的邻氯甲笨 ,在常温下样品放置 10d后 ,回收率仍可达 91%。结论　该法的测定范围上限取决于活性炭的吸附量 ,而该吸附量可随空气中邻氯甲苯的浓度及其他物质的共存而变化     

Quantitative assessment of indoor air pollutants in workplaces

This article presents the results of quantitative assessment of indoor air pollutants (IAP) in the workplaces of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Twenty two workplaces were scheduled for four quantitative IAP measurement sessions, i.e., summer day, summer night, winter day, and winter night. The concentrations of five indoor air contaminants, i.e. formaldehyde (HCHO), carbon dioxide (CO ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO ), and total hydrocarbons, in 2 2 addition to air temperature and relative humidity were measured and reported during each session. This was accomplished using the Bruel and Kjaer Multi-gas Monitor Type 1302. Quantitative analysis of the results show that 65% of the highest concentrations recording of all contaminants had developed during the summer day measurement in the respective locations. On the other hand, over 80% of the lowest concentrations reported for each location were detected during the winter night sessions. Day concentrations were always higher than night concentrations. Locations with higher contaminants' concentrations and causes were identified.     

Medical/legal aspects of hand injuries in topiary work

The hand is frequently exposed to professional risks. It is often the target of accident during non protected work on a topia and many complex and grave lesions can be caused. The authors report a serie of 280 cases of topary hand treated in private and hospital sectors. The purpose of our work is is on the hand to insist on the frequency of topiary work accidents and on the other hand to make people of the importance of applying preventive measures in order to protect man by reducing professional risks.     

工作场所空气中异氟烷测定的气相色谱法

目的 建立工作场所空气中异氟烷测定的溶剂解吸气相色谱法.方法 采用活性炭管采集,1,2-二氯乙烷解吸,经DB-1毛细管色谱柱分离,气相色谱仪测定.结果 本方法在1～7480μg/ml范围呈线性关系,最低检出限为1.0μg/ml,以采集4.5L空气计算,最低检测浓度为0.07 mg/m3.方法的重现性好,不同浓度的相对标准偏差为0.5％～5.0％;平均解吸效率为96.7％～98.9％,采样效率为92.1％～100％,100 mg活性炭对异氟烷的穿透容量为3.7 mg,空气中与异氟烷共存的七氟烷、恩氟烷、乙醇等在本方法条件下不干扰测定,样品在炭管中于常温下至少可保存10d.结论 各项指标均达到GBZ/T 210.4-2008《职业卫生标准制定指南第4部分:工作场所空气中化学物质测定方法》的要求,适用于工作场所空气中异氟烷的现场监测.     

工作场所空气中TNT的气相色谱测定法

目的　探讨一种测定微量三硝基甲苯 (TNT)的方法。方法　空气中的TNT用玻璃纤维滤纸采集 ,甲苯解吸 ,DB -17MS毛细柱分离。结果　方法检出下限为 3× 10 -3 μg/ml ,在 0 0 5～ 5 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好 ,相关系数 r >0 999,精密度高 ,变异系数CV <5 % ,平均回收率达 98%以上。结论　该法简便 ,快速 ,灵敏度高 ,结果准确可靠 ,适合于空气中TNT的测定。     

论口岸卫生处理工作职责的新认识

所谓卫生处理,在《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫法实施细则》中这样定义,“指隔离、留验、就地诊验等医学措施,以及消毒、除虫、除鼠等卫生措施”。一般情况下的卫生处理特指的是消毒、除虫、除鼠等卫生措施。     

溶剂解吸-气相色谱-质谱法测定工作场所空气中苯胺

  目的  建立工作场所空气中苯胺（aniline）的溶剂解吸-气相色谱-质谱联用测定法。
  方法  采用硅胶管采集工作场所空气中的苯胺，样品用无水乙醇解吸后，经DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱（60 m×0.32 mm×1.0 μm）分离，以质荷比（m/z）为93的特征离子作为定量离子，在气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）选择离子监测模式（SIM）下测定。
  结果  该方法的检出限为0.020 μg/mL、定量限为0.067 μg/mL；方法的重现性好，相对标准偏差为2.1%~3.4%；平均加标回收率为96.9%~102.8%。
  结论  该方法检出限低，精密度和准确度高，适用于工作场所空气中苯胺的测定。
     

Shift to non-aromatic solvents in solvent workplaces in Japan

Objectives

The present analyses were initiated to elucidate changes in types of prevalently used organic solvents in various solvent workplaces in Japan during the past 30 years.

Methods

Five publications on industrial solvent use were employed as databases, which were supplemented by solvent workplace surveys in 2010–2012; the surveys were conducted following regulation-stipulated procedures. In practice, data on 500–600 unit workplaces/year were available; the data were classified by types of solvent work according to the regulation.

Results

The use of aromatic solvents (typically toluene) has been gradually replaced in a recent few years with methyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol in surface coating workplaces, whereas toluene has been essentially most prevalent in printing and painting workplaces. In cleaning workplaces, the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents was almost terminated in the years before 2000.

Conclusions

The present study may be the first report to note that the prevalence of toluene use has been decreasing in surface coating workplaces to be replaced by alcohols, although toluene has been most prevalent in printing and painting workplaces. In cleaning workplaces, there was a substantial reduction in the use of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents.