厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效观察

目的 观察厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的临床疗效.方法 选择120例原发性高血压1～2级患者,血尿酸440～530μmol/L,随机分成两组:厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪组(厄贝沙坦150mg/d,氢氯噻嗪12.5mg/d)62例,氯沙坦组(50mg/d)58例,平均8周,进行治疗前后血压、血尿酸的对比研究.结果 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的临床效果同氯沙坦一样有效,两组总有效率分别为95.2%和93.1%(P>0.05);治疗后两组高尿酸水平有明显的下降(P<0.05).结论 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪除有良好的降压作用外,尚能安全有效地降低原发性高血压患者合并的高尿酸血症.     

厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效观察

目的 观察厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的临床疗效.方法 选择120例原发性高血压1～2级患者,血尿酸440～530μmol/L,随机分成两组:厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪组(厄贝沙坦150mg/d,氢氯噻嗪12.5mg/d)62例,氯沙坦组(50mg/d)58例,平均8周,进行治疗前后血压、血尿酸的对比研究.结果 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的临床效果同氯沙坦一样有效,两组总有效率分别为95.2%和93.1%(P>0.05);治疗后两组高尿酸水平有明显的下降(P<0.05).结论 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪除有良好的降压作用外,尚能安全有效地降低原发性高血压患者合并的高尿酸血症.     

厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效观察

目的 观察厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的临床疗效.方法 选择120例原发性高血压1～2级患者,血尿酸440～530μmol/L,随机分成两组:厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪组(厄贝沙坦150mg/d,氢氯噻嗪12.5mg/d)62例,氯沙坦组(50mg/d)58例,平均8周,进行治疗前后血压、血尿酸的对比研究.结果 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的临床效果同氯沙坦一样有效,两组总有效率分别为95.2%和93.1%(P>0.05);治疗后两组高尿酸水平有明显的下降(P<0.05).结论 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪除有良好的降压作用外,尚能安全有效地降低原发性高血压患者合并的高尿酸血症.     

厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效观察

目的 观察厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的临床疗效.方法 选择120例原发性高血压1～2级患者,血尿酸440～530μmol/L,随机分成两组:厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪组(厄贝沙坦150mg/d,氢氯噻嗪12.5mg/d)62例,氯沙坦组(50mg/d)58例,平均8周,进行治疗前后血压、血尿酸的对比研究.结果 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的临床效果同氯沙坦一样有效,两组总有效率分别为95.2%和93.1%(P>0.05);治疗后两组高尿酸水平有明显的下降(P<0.05).结论 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪除有良好的降压作用外,尚能安全有效地降低原发性高血压患者合并的高尿酸血症.     

厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效观察

目的 观察厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的临床疗效.方法 选择120例原发性高血压1～2级患者,血尿酸440～530μmol/L,随机分成两组:厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪组(厄贝沙坦150mg/d,氢氯噻嗪12.5mg/d)62例,氯沙坦组(50mg/d)58例,平均8周,进行治疗前后血压、血尿酸的对比研究.结果 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的临床效果同氯沙坦一样有效,两组总有效率分别为95.2%和93.1%(P>0.05);治疗后两组高尿酸水平有明显的下降(P<0.05).结论 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪除有良好的降压作用外,尚能安全有效地降低原发性高血压患者合并的高尿酸血症.     

厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效观察

目的 观察厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的临床疗效.方法 选择120例原发性高血压1～2级患者,血尿酸440～530μmol/L,随机分成两组:厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪组(厄贝沙坦150mg/d,氢氯噻嗪12.5mg/d)62例,氯沙坦组(50mg/d)58例,平均8周,进行治疗前后血压、血尿酸的对比研究.结果 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的临床效果同氯沙坦一样有效,两组总有效率分别为95.2%和93.1%(P>0.05);治疗后两组高尿酸水平有明显的下降(P<0.05).结论 厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪除有良好的降压作用外,尚能安全有效地降低原发性高血压患者合并的高尿酸血症.     

厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效观察

目的观察厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症的临床疗效。方法选择120例原发性高血压1～2级患者,血尿酸440～5301amol／L,随机分成两组：厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪组（厄贝沙坦150mg／d,氢氯噻嗪12．5mg／d）62例,氯沙坦组（50mg／d）58例,平均8周,进行治疗前后血压、血尿酸的对比研究。结果厄贝沙坦一氢氯噻嗪治疗原发性高血压的临床效果同氯沙坦一样有效,两组总有效率分别为95-2％和93．1％（P〉0．05）;治疗后两组高尿酸水平有明显的下降（P〈0．05）。结论厄贝沙坦-氢氯噻嗪除有良好的降压作用外,尚能安全有效地降低原发性高血压患者合并的高尿酸血症。     

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪治疗轻中度原发性高血压疗效观察

目的:观察厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪(厄贝沙坦150 mg/氢氯噻嗪12.5 mg复方制剂)治疗单用厄贝沙坦150 mg控制不良的轻中度高血压患者的疗效和安全性.方法:经厄贝沙坦150 mg 1次/日治疗4周,血压仍未正常(收缩压≥145 mmhg,舒张压≥95mmhg)的99例高血压患者随机分为两组,治疗组给于厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪1片,1次/日,对照组继续服用厄贝沙坦150 mg,1次/日,疗程8周.在治疗4周和结束时评估药物的安全性和有效性.结果:在轻中度高血压患者中厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪1片,天比单用厄贝沙坦150 mg/天血压下降达标率高.治疗结束时平均坐位收缩压降低4 mmHg,平均坐位舒张压下降2.5mmhg,血压控制<140/90mmHg的患者在厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪1片/天组和单用厄贝沙坦150 mg/天组分别为53.9%和40.9%.结论:轻中度原发性高血压患者采用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪1片/天降压有效率及达标率优于厄贝沙坦150 mg/天组.厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪适用于厄贝沙坦单药控制不良的轻中度原发性高血压患者.     

复方厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗老年原发性高血压70例

目的观察厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪对老年原发性高血压的调节作用及疗效。方法将140例患者随机均分为两组,观察组给予厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片每日1片(0.15 g)口服,对照组给予厄贝沙坦片每次150 mg、每日1次口服,均餐前服用,连续服药2个月,监测治疗前后24 h动态血压及肝肾功能。结果观察组和治疗组患者的血压均得到较好控制,总有效率分别为95.71%和82.86%(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后的尿糖、尿蛋白、血电解质、血肌酐与治疗前无明显差异(P>0.05);在降低血压变异性方面,观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪治疗老年原发性高血压的疗效好,能显著降低血压变异性,不良反应小,患者依从性好。     

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片对原发性高血压患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素6水平的影响

目的观察厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片对原发性高血压患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法 72例原发性高血压患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组36例,对照组服用硝苯地平缓释片,治疗组服用厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片片,治疗8周,分别于治疗前后检测患者血清中细胞因子TNF-α和IL-6水平。结果治疗前,两组患者血压和血清TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者血压和血清TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片能够降低原发性高血压患者血清TNF-α和IL-6水平、抑制炎症反应。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.