经腹手术取出下腔静脉及右心房肾癌癌栓

目的:探讨在非体外循环下,经腹手术取出转移至下腔静脉及右心房内的肾癌栓的效果。方法:采用肝移植术中背驮式游离肝脏的技术,在充分暴露肝后下腔静脉的前提下,将右心房内癌栓挤至膈肌以下,纵形切开下腔静脉取除。结果:成功取出长13cm、直径3cm的癌栓,术中出血600ml。随访30个月,患者恢复正常工作,肝肾功能正常。结论:经腹游离肝脏后,可取出高达膈肌以上的下腔静脉和右心房内的癌栓,操作要点是减少术中出血并防止癌栓脱落。     

腔静脉节段切除在肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓中的应用

报告８例下腔静脉节段切除和系统性淋巴清扫肾癌根治术治疗右肾癌并腔静脉浸润性癌栓。４例无远处转移者中３例术后分别存活３６，４２和１７个月，１例２７个月后死于脑转移。４例有远处转移者术后２例分别存活１３和１４个月，１例肝转移瘤者已存活６个月，１例膈上型癌栓者于术后８小时死于心肺功能衰退。     

肾癌伴腔静脉癌栓的手术配合

目的探讨肾癌伴腔静脉癌栓手术的护理配合方法。方法回顾性分析54例肾癌伴腔静脉癌栓患者的临床资料,总结手术前、中、后的护理配合方法和技巧。结果 54例患者中4例因经济困难放弃手术治疗,2例因术中癌栓脱落死亡,余48例均顺利完成手术,无明显并发症,痊愈出院。结论术前详细讨论、精心准备,术中严密配合可以使手术顺利进行,缩短静脉阻断时间,减少并发症,促进患者康复。     

肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓4例的手术治疗

目的：提高肾癌（RCC）伴下腔静脉（IVC）癌栓的手术治疗效果。方法：对4例RCC伴IVC癌栓患者在施行肾癌根治性切除、淋巴结清除的同时分别选择行IVC切开、IVC壁切除和IVC节段切除取癌栓术。结果：手术均获成功，无大出血、肺梗塞，术后血尿素氮、肌酐均无明显异常。随访13-34月患者均健在。结论：对本病应采取积极的手术治疗。三种手术方案的选择应取决于癌栓的长度、水平、分型等。     

肾癌伴肾静脉或下腔静脉癌栓11例分析

通过对11例肾癌伴肾静脉或下腔静脉癌栓患者的临床分析,认为肾癌伴静脉癌栓者90.9％有包块或疼痛;术前诊断十分重要,CT的诊断率(100％)显著高于B超(42.9％),下腔静脉造影可作为CT的辅助检查方法;手术仍是治疗肾静脉或下腔静脉癌栓的唯一有效方法。     

肾癌下腔静脉癌栓3例

例 1 　 男 ,5 5岁。因间歇性血尿 2个月于 1 999年 1 1月入院。外院 B超检查示右肾肿瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓。体检 :右上腹可触及约 1 3 cm× 1 1 cm的肿块 ,表面不平 ,上界不清。 CT检查显示右肾中下极有 8.0 cm× 9.0 cm× 1 0 .0 cm低密度不规则肿块影 ,增强扫描后肿块不均匀强化 ,右肾静脉、下腔静脉内见低密度癌栓形成 ,腹膜后淋巴结无肿大 (图1 )。 MRI显示右肾中下极有 8.0 cm× 9.0 cm×1 0 .0 cm的异常信号肿块影 ,边界尚清 ,T1WI呈等信号和部分低信号 ,T2 WI呈高信号 ;右肾静脉及相应水平的下腔静脉内见 3 .0 cm× 4.0 cm的软组…     

肾癌合并Ⅲ型下腔静脉癌栓切除术

目的探讨在TempofilterⅡ腔静脉滤器保护下行肾癌Ⅲ型下腔静脉癌栓切除的安全性及手术方法。方法回顾性分析2006～2009年治疗的7例肾细胞癌合并Ⅲ型下腔静脉癌栓患者的临床资料,术中先在数字减影血管造影下经右侧颈内静脉穿刺放置TempofilterⅡ腔静脉滤器于下腔静脉内癌栓近心端,然后在全肝血流阻断下切开肝下下腔静脉,直视下切除癌栓。结果 7例患者术前均经CT血管造影或磁共振血管造影明确诊断,7例均手术成功,6例癌栓与下腔静脉无明显浸润,1例癌栓浸润下腔静脉侧壁行下腔静脉成形。全组无肺栓塞(PE)发生,无围手术期死亡。结论 TempofilterⅡ腔静脉滤器保护下肾癌下腔静脉癌栓切除是安全的,可有效预防PE的发生,术中全肝血流阻断在无血状态下切开下腔静脉是完全切除癌栓的关键。     

肾癌下腔静脉癌栓的外科治疗及预后

肾癌下腔静脉癌栓的外科治疗及预后曾进，章咏裳肾细胞癌（ＲＣＣ）容易发生肾静脉和下腔静脉（ＩＶＣ）内癌栓，其发病率约占同期ＲＣＣ总数的３％～１０％［１，２］。近年来，随着影像学的日趋发展和普及，Ｂ超、ＣＴ、ＭＲ以及下腔静脉造影等检查都具有较高的诊断正确...     

肾癌并肝下型下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗并文献复习

目的 探讨肾细胞癌并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析6例经手术及病理证实的肾细胞癌并肝下型下腔静脉癌栓患者的临床资料,所有病例均行根治性肾切除并癌栓切除术,分别采用下腔静脉切开、下腔静脉部分切除和节段性下腔静脉切除三种方法 取出癌栓.结果 6例手术均获成功,无大出血、肺梗塞等并发症,术后患者恢复良好.其中2例分别于术后38个月和76个月死亡,3例仍健在,平均存活时间为54个月,1例术后18个月后失访.结论 右肾癌并下腔静脉癌栓患者下腔静脉节段性切除能够安全地进行,根治性肾切除并癌栓切除术能够使患者获得长期存活.     

肝细胞癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗方法。方法 采用肝切除 腔静脉取栓治疗4例肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓患者,取栓方法包括经荷栓肝静脉取栓(1例)和下腔静脉切开取栓(3例),后者又分在全肝血流阻断下取栓(2例)和在萨氏钳局部血管阻断下取栓(1例)。结果 4例肝癌及下腔静脉癌栓均得到成功切除,术中无明显并发症发生;术后除l例发生中等量胸水外,无其他并发症发生;随访中3例已死亡,分别生存30、10和14个月;1例尚存活,已生存7个月。结论 肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗安全可行,其基本术式为肝切除 下腔静脉切开取栓。     

血管介入技术在治疗肾癌伴下腔静脉瘤栓中的应用

肾癌伴下腔静脉瘤栓以手术治疗为主,传统手术创伤大、风险高,手术方式也一直发展变化,而血管介入技术的发展和应用,使此类手术更为安全和方便.本文总结了肾动脉介入、下腔静脉滤器、球囊和血管镜在治疗肾癌伴下腔静脉瘤栓中的应用.     

腔静脉滤器在恶性肾肿瘤合并瘤栓患者治疗中的作用

目的 总结放置腔静脉滤器预防根治性肾切除和下腔静脉(IVC)瘤栓取出术中肺栓塞的经验. 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年4月20例恶性肾肿瘤合并IVC瘤栓的患者资料.患者术前均放置腔静脉滤器,其中经颈内静脉或股静脉途径放置Tempofilter滤器8例,CookTulip滤器7例,国产Aegisy可回收滤器5例,滤器放置当日或1～11d后手术.行单纯根治性肾切除4例,其中T4N0M0期(瘤栓Ⅲ级)1例,T3bN2M0(瘤栓Ⅱ级)1例,T3cN0M0期(瘤栓Ⅳ级)2例;2例T4N2M0期肿瘤(瘤栓Ⅱ级)行剖腹探查+活检术;根治性肾切除+ IVC切开取栓术14例.18例术后1～14 d拔除滤器.对滤器放置方法、取栓技术和相关并发症进行讨论. 结果 20例患者均未发生肺栓塞或与放置滤器有关的并发症.术中输血10例,输血量500 ～ 5000 ml[(1930±1405) ml].IVC阻断不完全、腰静脉等侧支静脉开放是术中失血的重要原因.术后并发急性肾衰竭1例,下肢深静脉血栓1例,拔除滤器当天发生肺栓塞1例,3例均与软血栓栓塞有关,经抗凝等保守治疗治愈.结论 放置腔静脉滤器可以有效防止根治性肾切除和IVC取栓术中肺栓塞并发症的发生.该法安全易行、移除方便,对于0级以上、合并软血栓和侧支循环开放的高危患者,可作为常规预防措施.出血是取栓术最常见的并发症,充分游离并阻断瘤栓上、下方IVC、避免侧支静脉损伤是减少输血量的关键.     

Adrenocortical carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava in a patient with right kidney agenesis: Surgical approach and review of literature

INTRODUCTIONAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis and the association with tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava (IVC) is not common. The best treatment is represented by radical surgery.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe describe a case of a large ACC of the left adrenal gland extending into the IVC through the left renal vein in a young patient with agenesis of the right kidney and signs of acute renal failure. A midline laparotomy was performed, subsequently extended by a left thoracophrenotomy through the 7th intercostal space in order to control the proximal surface of the mass and the thoracic aorta. The tumor was completely excised preserving the kidney, and thrombectomy was performed by a cavotomy with a temporary caval clamping, without cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB).DISCUSSIONWe discuss surgical approaches reported in literature in case of ACC with intracaval extension. The tumor must be completely resected and the thrombectomy can be performed by different approaches: cavotomy with direct suture, partial resection of caval wall without reconstruction, resection of vena cava with graft reconstruction. These procedures could require a CPB, with an increased mortality. In our case we preserved the kidney and a thrombectomy without CPB was performed.CONCLUSIONIntracaval extension of ACC does not represent a contraindication to surgery. The best treatment of intracaval thrombus should be the cavotomy with direct suture. The CPB is not always required. In presence of renal agenesis, the preservation of the kidney is mandatory.     

肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的外科治疗

肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的治疗仍是医学难题,一直被视为手术禁忌证.患者主要接受非手术治疗或放弃治疗,其生存率较低.近年来随着医学的进步,手术治疗肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的成功率逐年增高.201 1年5月哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院为1例肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓患者行肝脏Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ段切除＋下腔静脉癌栓取出术.术前CT检查示肝Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ段占位性病变,下腔静脉内癌栓充盈,三维重建测算左半肝体积489 cm^3,低于最小存活肝脏体积.为了最大限度保留剩余肝脏,拟行保留肝Ⅵ段的右半肝切除术,于全肝血流阻断下腔静脉癌栓取出术.患者术后恢复良好,术后18个月复查未见明显复发转移症状.     

Endoluminal occlusion of the inferior vena cava in renal cell carcinoma with retro- or suprahepatic caval thrombus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endoluminal occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) during surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with either retrohepatic (level II) or suprahepatic (level III) caval tumour thrombus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to February 2005, 31 patients with renal vein/IVC involvement (T3b/c) of 278 who had a radical nephrectomy, were selected for review. Of these 31, 13 consecutive patients with RCC presenting a thrombus level II or III were prospectively treated with endoluminal occlusion of the free IVC cranial to the thrombus, to avoid dissection of the suprahepatic IVC or the subdiaphragmatic IVC. The occlusion balloon was positioned using transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) control through a cavotomy at the ostium of the renal vein. Thrombectomy and radical nephrectomy were then performed. The operative duration, peri-operative bleeding, and complications during and after surgery were assessed. Overall patient survival time, disease-free survival and development of metastasis were calculated. RESULTS: Caval thrombectomy was successful in all patients. The IVC needed to be replaced with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in three patients and a patch closure after lateral cavectomy was used in four. There was no case of air embolism. One case of asymptomatic tumour migration was detected during the procedure by TEE. The mean (sd) and median (range) operative duration was 170 (29) and 170 (120-210) min, and the mean number of units of packed red cells transfused during hospitalization was 5 (5) and 3 (0-16). There was no peri-operative mortality. The complications were one splenectomy and one early thrombosis of the IVC. The mean (range) follow-up was 22.1 (2-50) months. Distant metastases occurred in seven patients; there was no local or IVC tumour recurrence. Four patients died from metastatic progression and six are alive with no progression. CONCLUSION: Endoluminal occlusion of the IVC with TEE monitoring for level II and III thrombus avoided a suprahepatic or subdiaphragmatic approach to the IVC. This technique caused no major complications and was very reliable, due to TEE monitoring. Segmental resection and reconstruction of the IVC could also be used for adherent thrombi.     

肾或肾上腺肿瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓的手术治疗

目的 小结肾或肾上腺肿瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓病人的手术经验。探讨有关心血管外科技术的改进。方法 1999年6月至2002年5年完成该类手术12例，在术前准备，切口与显露，心血管外科技术，体外循环方式等方面，结合临床经验，提出一些改进措施，结果 手术效果良好，无手术死亡，随访14-35个月，结果比较满意，仅1例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤术后出院1个月死亡。结论 对有明确适应证的病例，经充分准备，多科室密切合作手术治疗，可以取得良好的疗效，远期疗效评估有待更长时间的随访。