肿瘤患者外周血树突状细胞亚群的变化及意义

目的 探讨肿瘤患者外周血树突状细胞亚群的变化及临床意义.方法 采用流式细胞术检测23例肿瘤患者和19例健康人外周血CD11c 、CD123 的树突状细胞亚群和淋巴细胞的数量.结果 正常对照组外周血CD11c DC占白细胞比例为0.19%±0.08%,绝对数为(9.3±3.9)× 106个/L;CD12 3 DC点白细胞比例为0.1 5%±0.07%,绝对数为(7.5±3.5)× 106个/L.肿瘤患者组外周血CD123 DC占白细胞比例为0.09%±0.06%,绝对数为(4.7±3.1)×106个/L;CD123 DC占白细胞比例为0.10%±0.06%,绝对数为(5.3±3.2)× 106个/L.与正常对照组比较,肿瘤患者CD11cDC比例和绝对数显著下降(P＜0.05);而CD123 DC比例和绝对数下降无显著性差异.另外,与正常对照组比较,肿瘤患者外周血T、Th、Ts、NK细胞数增均减低(P＜0.05);B细胞绝对数无显著差异.结论 肿瘤患者外周血CD1c DC数量下降,伴随T、Th、T s、NK细胞数降低,可能与肿瘤的发生发展有关.     

慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者树突状细胞亚群改变及临床意义

目的探讨树突状细胞(DC)在慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)发病中的作用及糖皮质激素治疗对外周血DC亚群的影响。方法四色荧光流式细胞术分析35例ITP患者糖皮质激素治疗前、治疗后及20名健康人(对照组)外周血DC前体细胞亚群pDC1/pDC2(CD11c+CD123-/CD11c-CD123+)比值。结果35例ITP患者中,6例外周血pDC缺乏,其余29例患者外周血pDC1/pDC2比值为0.77±0.16,低于对照组(1.94±0.44)(P<0.05);治疗后无外周血pDC缺乏患者,血小板计数>100×109/L者27例,pDC1/pDC2比值为1.83±0.43,较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血小板计数<100×109/L者8例,pDC1/pDC2比值为1.17±0.24,较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),但与对照组比较,仍显著降低(P<0.05)。结论慢性ITP患者外周血pDC数量缺乏或pDC1相对减少;糖皮质激素治疗可提升患者外周血pDC数量,完全或部分纠正DC亚群失衡。     

桑白皮多糖对呼吸道合胞病毒肺炎小鼠肺组织病理和外周血T细胞亚群的影响

目的 通过研究桑白皮多糖对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)肺炎BALB/c小鼠肺组织病理形态和外周血T细胞亚群的影响,探讨桑白皮多糖对BALB/c小鼠RSV肺炎的干预机制。方法 BALB/c小鼠采用随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组,每组10只;除正常组外,用RSV(long株)经鼻腔接种,建立小鼠RSV肺炎模型。于感染当天,高、中、低剂量组分别给予桑白皮多糖182、91、45.5 mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,正常组与模型组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,于感染第7天取外周血进行T细胞亚群的检测及肺组织进行HE染色。结果 桑白皮多糖能有效地减少肺泡壁炎细胞的浸润,改善肺组织的炎症状况。高、中、低剂量组与模型组比较,高剂量组CD3+T细胞百分率为(50.35±8.97)%、CD4+T/CD8+T为(3.52±0.79),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中剂量组CD3+T细胞百分率为(55.05±5.94)%、 CD4+T细胞百分率为(20.39±5.56)%、CD4+T/CD8+T为(2.88±0.56),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05) ;低剂量组只有CD4+T/CD8+T为(3.49±0.45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 桑白皮多糖可以改善肺炎小鼠肺组织病理变化,能够调节机体细胞免疫。     

哮喘发作期患儿Th1/Th2亚群平衡变化的观察

目的　观察、分析哮喘患儿急性发作期辅助性T淋巴细胞亚群 (Th亚群 )平衡的变化及与正常儿童的差异。方法　随机选择急性发作期哮喘患儿 30例 ,采用酶联免疫斑点法 ,对其外周血从单个细胞水平上测定Th细胞亚群 ,并与 30名健康儿童的结果进行比较。结果　哮喘发作组外周血中Th1为 (14 7± 3 3) % ,Th2 为 (18 9± 5 7) % ,Th1/Th2 的比值为 0 90 4± 0 4 5 5 ;正常儿童组Th1为 (19 5± 4 8) % ,Th2 为 (13 6± 3 2 ) % ,Th1/Th2 比值为 1 4 70± 0 2 2 1。哮喘发作组与正常对照组比较 ,以上数据差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　哮喘患儿急性发作期Th亚群存在着明显失衡 ,Th1/Th2 比值失衡提示辅助性T细胞免疫在哮喘发病中具有重要作用。     

非耐药和耐多药肺结核患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化及临床意义

目的：探讨非耐药和耐多药肺结核患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群动态变化及临床意义。方法：选取2020年1月至2021年6月该院收治的97例肺结核患者为研究对象,均进行耐药性检测,根据检测结果将患者分为耐多药组和非耐药组,两组患者均检测并对比外周血T淋巴细胞CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺和外周血Th1、Th2、Th17细胞亚群水平。耐多药组和非耐药组患者均进行抗结核治疗3个月,评价抗结核治疗效果并复查外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果：治疗前,耐多药组患者外周血T淋巴细胞CD3⁺、CD4⁺和CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平显著低于非耐药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者CD8⁺水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);耐多药组患者外周血Th1、Th2水平显著低于非耐药组,外周血Th17水平显著高于非耐药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。...     

支原体肺炎患儿细胞免疫变化及临床意义

目的 探讨支原体肺炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群及辅助性T淋巴细胞亚群(Th)变化及临床意义.方法 将采用免疫比浊法检测MP-IgM阳性30例患儿设为观察组,18例健康儿童设为对照组.采用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测支原体肺炎外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及辅助性T淋巴细胞亚群Th1、Th2细胞的含量.结果 支原体肺炎患儿CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+低于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);CD8+高于对照组(P＜0.05),差异有显著性.患儿外周血Th1及Th1/Th2低于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.05);Th2细胞高于对照组(P＜0.05),差异有显著性.结论 检测支原体肺炎患儿存在细胞免疫失调,Th1亚群功能低下以及Th1/Th2平衡的紊乱可能存其发病中起更重要作用.     

1,25(OH)_2D_3对NOD小鼠1型糖尿病的免疫干预及其机制研究

目的观察1,25(OH)2D3对雌性非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠糖尿病发病率、胰岛炎的影响,以及外周免疫器官脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化,血清细胞因子干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)及一氧化氮(NO)的水平,从而更好地揭示1,25(OH)2D3的免疫调节机制。方法离乳(21 d龄)的雌性NOD小鼠(80只)随机分为两组:第1组给予1,25(OH)2D3(5μg/kg)隔日1次腹腔注射,共7周,作为实验组。第2组给予等量花生油作为对照组(40只),给药时间、方法同前。10周龄时腹腔注射环磷酰胺以加速糖尿病。加速1周后各取15只通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测IFN-γI、L-4水平,生化比色法检测NO水平,流式细胞仪分析脾组织T细胞亚群的变化。其余继续观察。小鼠在被确诊糖尿病或环磷酰胺加速后1个月处死,观察胰腺病理变化、糖尿病发病率及血钙水平。结果实验组发病率(12%)明显低于对照组(56%),P<0.01;实验组胰岛炎症分数较对照组明显降低P<0.01,炎症程度也明显减轻;实验组血清IL-4较对照组明显升高[(52±9)ng/Lvs(33±3)ng/L],P<0.01;IFN-γ、NO较对照组显著降低[(71±16)ng/Lvs(141±11)ng/L,(78±28)ng/Lvs(118±19)ng/L],P均<0.01;脾脏淋巴细胞经流式细胞仪测定,结果显示实验组T细胞CD4+、CD8+亚群较对照组显著升高,CD4+亚群为47±6与35±4(P<0.01),CD8+亚群为11.6±3.6与7.8±1.5(P<0.05),而CD4+/CD8+亚群分别为4.3±0.9与4.6±0.9(P>0.05),两组差异无统计学意义;实验组血钙较对照组稍高,但NOD小鼠可以很好耐受。结论1,25(OH)2D3可以预防环磷酰胺加速的NOD小鼠糖尿病的发生,并可减轻胰岛炎。其机制:①可能与增加Th2型细胞因子的全身表达,降低Th1型细胞因子的全身表达,从而调节Th1/Th2型细胞因子比例失衡有关。②可能与增加抑制性T细胞数目,促进CD4+T细胞由Th1向Th2亚群转化有关。该实验同时证实了NO在糖尿病的发生机制中起一定作用。     

慢性乙肝病毒携带者的细胞免疫功能变化及其与血清HBV DNA的关系

目的　探讨慢性乙肝病毒携带者的细胞免疫功能变化与血清 HBVDNA关系。方法　应用流式细胞仪直接免疫荧光法检测 5 0例慢性乙肝病毒携带者外周血 T淋巴细胞亚群百分率 ,并以 2 0例正常健康人为对照组进行比较。结果　乙肝病毒携带者外周血 CD3+ 细胞百分率与正常对照组比较 ,无统计学差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 Th细胞百分率较正常对照组明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;Tc细胞百分率则明显升高 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;Th/ Tc明显降低 (P<0 .0 1 )。HBVD-NA (+)组与 HBVDNA (- )组相比 ,CD3+ 细胞百分率无统计学差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,Th细胞百分率有降低趋势 ,Tc细胞百分率有升高趋势 ,而 Th/ Tc明显下降 (P<0 .0 1 )。结论　 HBV感染可导致乙肝病毒携带者细胞免疫功能改变 ,HBVDNA复制增加可进一步导致乙肝病毒携带者细胞免疫功能紊乱     

系统性红斑狼疮患者淋巴细胞增殖活性分析

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单核细胞(PBMC)中T细胞仁嗜银蛋白(AgNORs)和T细胞亚群及辅助性T细胞亚群(Th)的关系及其临床意义,指导临床诊断与治疗。方法PBMC经多克隆T细胞活化剂刺激,以图像分析法检测AgNORs区面积与细胞核仁面积的百分比(I.S%);以微量细胞毒法检测T淋巴细胞亚群水平;以ELISA法检测血清中干扰素(IEN)-γ、白细胞介素(IL)-4水平来评价辅助性T细胞亚群活性。结果①13例稳定期和17例活动期SLE患者PBMC中活化T细胞AgNORs表达分别为(5.14±1.06)I.S%和(3.21±1.40)I.S%,与正常对照组(6.69±1.30)I.S%相比,均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);活动期显著高于稳定期(P<0.01);②与稳定组和正常对照组相比,活动期SLE患者CD4-T细胞计数(23.5±7.8%)和CD4/CD8比值(0.58±0.31)显著降低(P<0.01),CD8计灵敏(37.4±12.1%)明显升高(P<0.05);③与稳定组和正常对照组相比,活动期SLE患者血清IL-4(37.2±2.7pg/ml)水平明显升高(P<0.05),IFN-γ(17.9±2.7pg/ml)分泌较正常对照组明显降低(P<0.05),与稳定期患者无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论①SLE患者细胞免疫活性低于正常水平;②活动期患者血清IL-4分泌水平增高,INF-γ水平降低,提示Th1类活性降低,在SLE中存在Th1/Th2的不平衡。     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者细胞免疫功能状态分析

目的探讨妇科恶性肿瘤患者细胞免疫功能状况及其临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术技术检测108例妇科恶性肿瘤患者及17例健康正常人的外周血淋巴细胞亚群,并作比较分析。结果与健康正常人比较,妇科恶性肿瘤患者CD4+T淋巴细胞百分率、NK细胞百分率、CD4+/CD8+比值明显升高(P<0.05),CD3+、CD8+T淋巴细胞百分率明显降低(P<0.05),CD19+(B淋巴细胞)在两组间比较的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论妇科恶性肿瘤患者存在免疫功能紊乱,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞检测可作为细胞免疫功能的指标之一。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.