苏州市成年人饮酒行为与高血压患病关系的研究

目的 探讨每周饮酒行为状况与高血压患病关系.方法 利用“中国慢性病前瞻性项目”苏州市吴中区基线调查数据,描述当地居民饮酒情况和高血压情况,通过logistic回归分析研究每周饮酒频率、饮酒量、开始饮酒年龄和饮酒相关不良状况与高血压患病的关系.结果 男、女性每周饮酒率分别为40.7％和0.6％,男、女性每周酒精平均摄入量中位数分别为250.8 g和47.2 g,每周饮酒率和饮酒量性别间的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).男、女性高血压患病率分别为39.7％和36.1％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).多元logistic回归调整后显示,男性每周饮酒频率≥3d,每周酒精摄入量≥100 g者患高血压风险较不饮酒者显著增加(P＜0.01),开始每周饮酒年龄＜20岁和饮酒相关不良状况出现2种及以上者患高血压风险分别是不饮酒者的1.50倍和3.27倍,但在女性中未发现此现象.结论 男、女性每周饮酒率、饮酒量不同,男性随每周饮酒频率增高,饮酒量增多,开始每周饮酒年龄提前以及饮酒相关不良状况出现种类增多,其高血压患病率呈上升趋势,而女性饮酒与高血压患病关系则未发现有统计学意义.     

中国成年居民过量饮酒现况的分析

目的分析我国成年居民中过量饮酒的现状,为制定预防和控制措施提供理论依据。方法使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查中"食物频率调查表"的数据,对53073名18岁及以上居民过量饮酒的情况进行分析。结果我国成年居民中过量饮酒比例为4.7%,男性、女性分别为8.4%和0.8%,城市、农村分别为4.1%和4.9%,18～44岁、45～59岁和60岁及以上组分别为4.1%、6.4%和4.4%;酒精消费者人群中过量饮酒的比例为49.1%,男性、女性分别为51.5%和32.1%,城市、农村分别为39.6%和54.7%,18～44岁、45～59岁和60岁及以上组分别为45.7%、52.6%和49.8%。结论应加强过量饮酒危害的宣传,尤其注重农村人群和中青年人群。     

深圳居民饮酒行为现况调查

目的了解广东省深圳市居民饮酒行为现况,为相关部门开展健康教育和行为干预提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取深圳市3个区647名居民进行调查。结果本次调查显示深圳市居民的现在饮酒率为15.46%(100人),男性现在饮酒率为25.96%(74人),高于女性的7.18%(26人);45～59岁组饮酒率最高为24.44%(33人);现在饮酒者中<18岁开始饮酒者每天或几乎每天饮酒;饮酒主要类型依次为啤酒(37.00%)、白酒(24.00%)、其他酒类(21.00%)和果酒(18.00%);酒类消费中平均每天酒精消费量为18.84 g,其中男性为22.49 g,女性为8.17 g。酒类消费者中过量饮酒比例为22.00%(22人),其中男性为24.32%(18人),女性为15.38%(4人)。结论深圳市居民总体饮酒率不高,但是饮酒行为有年轻化趋势,并且在某些人群中饮酒率较高。     

河北省成年居民饮酒状况的调查

[目的]了解河北省成年居民的饮酒状况和相关危险因素。[方法]采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，对4200成年居民进行现况流行病学调查。[结果]总体饮酒率为41．1％，其中男性71．8％，女性19．7％，城市46．5％，农村38．9％。单因素分析显示，饮酒率与性别、城乡、年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况密切相关。近1年内．有26．2％饮酒者饮酒≥5d／周。近1个月内有52．7％饮酒者饮啤酒，女性（60．5％）高于男性（50．6％）；3．8％饮酒者饮果酒，城市（9．1％）高于农村（1．2％），女性（6．4％）高于男性（3．o％）；51．1％饮酒者饮〉40度的白酒。[结论]该省饮酒人群趋于年轻化，男性是饮酒的主体，主要分布在文化程度较高、单位负责人、行政干部、专业技术人员和离婚或分居人群，酒类消费向啤酒等低度酒发展，应针对饮酒人群进一步加大饮酒卫生的宣传。     

泸州市成年居民饮酒与慢性病患病关系

目的 了解四川省泸州市成年居民饮酒与慢性病患病率的关系.方法 利用2009年泸州市健康城市建设项目的调查资料,对泸州市11425名成年居民的饮酒和慢性病现状进行分析,并采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析是否饮酒与慢性病患病率的关系.结果 泸州市成年居民慢性病患病率为24.4%,女性(26.2%)高于男性(22.1%),饮酒率为13.2%,且男性(28.2%)明显高于女性(1.3%);1505名饮酒者中,每次酒精量<40g者占50.9%,40～100g者占40.5%,≥100g者占6.1%;饮酒频率越高(χ²趋势=8.305,P=0.004),饮酒年限越长(χ²趋势=101.345,P<0.001),饮用的总酒精量越多(χ²趋势=17.651,P<0.001),慢性病患病率越高;多因素分析显示,是否饮酒与慢性病患病率之间呈负相关( β=-0.424),饮酒者患慢性病的危险低于不饮酒者,OR值为0.654(95%CI=0.559～0.766).结论 泸州市大部分饮酒者为长期、经常饮酒,应加强高饮酒率人群的健康教育,控制过量饮酒,以降低与饮酒有关的慢性病患病率.     

2009年辽宁省部分地区成年居民饮酒行为调查分析

目的研究2009年辽宁地区18岁及以上居民饮酒行为现状。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,利用2009年"中国健康与营养调查"部分资料,研究辽宁省成年居民饮酒现状、饮酒频率、饮酒类型、每日酒精消费量及分级。结果 18岁及以上居民饮酒率为34.0%,男性为58.0%,女性为11.7%。饮酒者中每日酒精消费量为13.4g/d,男性为15.7g/d,女性为5.1g/d。不同年龄组中,男性45～岁年龄组饮酒率和每日酒精消费量最高(62.5%和18.9g/d),女性18～岁年龄组饮酒率和每日酒精消费量最高(16.1%和5.7g/d);4类地区中,城市、郊区、县城和农村居民的饮酒率分别为34.9%、35.3%、32.7%和33.6%,每日酒精消费量农村最高(16.3g/d),郊区最低(8.4g/d);不同教育程度中,小学及以下饮酒率最低(24.2%),而酒精消费量最高(17.3g/d)。饮酒频率中,以几乎每天饮酒的比例最高(32.1%),每月少于1次的比例最低(11.9%)。男性主要以几乎每天饮酒(35.9%)和每周饮酒1～2次(28.1%)为主;女性主要以每月饮酒少于1次(30.2%)和每月饮酒1～3次(28.6%)为主。饮酒类型中,以饮啤酒、白酒为主,比例为71.3%和59.1%,饮葡萄酒的比例最低(12.2%),其中女性饮葡萄酒比例(31.7%)约为男性(8.0%)的4倍。每日酒精摄入量分级中,适量饮酒比例为66.2%(男性为64.0%,女性为76.2%),过量饮酒、危险饮酒和有害饮酒的比例分别为13.1%、10.8%和9.9%。结论 2009年辽宁地区18岁及以上成年居民饮酒率较高,不同性别、年龄、地区和教育程度间饮酒行为存在差别。     

辽宁省七地区居民饮酒现状及与慢性病关系研究

目的了解辽宁省部分人群饮酒现状及其与慢性病关系,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,对辽宁省7个地区≥15岁居民采用面对面调查获得一般情况及饮酒行为资料,通过体检测得身高、体重、血压、空腹血糖、血脂等。结果调查对象饮酒率为22.4/(标化率为20.7/);男、女性饮酒率分别为46.3/,3.1/(标化率分别为44.3/,2.8/),男性显著高于女性(χ2=2217.89,P<0.01);城市、农村饮酒率分别为22.5/,22.3/,两者差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);有42.4/的饮酒者每天饮酒,45.9/的人饮白酒;居民开始饮酒平均年龄为(25.1±8.1)岁,戒酒平均年龄为(44.3±16.0)岁;经Logistic回归分析,性别、文化程度、职业、婚烟状况是饮酒的影响因素F饮酒者高血压、高甘油三酯患病率高于不饮酒者,肥胖、向心性肥胖和低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症患病率低于不饮酒者。结论辽宁地区应普及饮酒危害的相关知识,以降低由饮酒引发的慢性病患病率。     

四川省中老年居民高血压营养相关因素研究

[目的]探索四川省中老年居民高血压的营养相关因素,为中老年居民高血压营养防治提供基础资料。[方法]选取40～64岁四川省居民1188名进行调查,入户测量身高体重,使用问卷调查居民一般情况及过去一年食物摄入情况,采用非条件多因素Logistic回归分析营养相关因素与高血压的关系。[结果]居民中高血压发病率为34.5%,非条件多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,排除遗传因素后,脂肪供能比过高(OR=1.482,95%CI=1.151～1.909)和体重超重(OR=2.407,95%CI=1.843～3.142)肥胖(OR=3.552,95%CI=2.330～5.414)是高血压病的危险因素。[结论]四川省中老年居民高血压发病率较高,膳食因素和超重肥胖对高血压有较大影响。应针对营养因素和生活方式进行干预以防止高血压。     

泸州市成年男性饮酒现状及影响因素分析

目的探讨泸州市成年男性居民的饮酒现状,为保障居民的身体健康提供科学参考依据。方法利用2009年泸州市健康城市建设项目的调查资料,对泸州市成年男性的饮酒现状进行分析,并用非条件多因素Logistic回归分析饮酒率的影响因素。结果 5 044名泸州市成年男性的饮酒率为28.2%,远远高于女性（1.3%）。多因素分析结果显示,年龄、职业、婚姻状况和居住区域是男性饮酒的危险因素。结论大部分男性饮酒者为长期、经常、单次多量饮酒,应加强健康教育,控制过量饮酒。     

海岛与陆地女性居民饮酒行为调查研究

对海岛与陆地女性饮酒行为对照分析，结果显示饮酒率海岛16.6%，陆地6.6%，P＜0.001。饮酒量海岛高于陆地，P＜0.05。饮酒原因无差异。     

中国健康与营养调查:9个项目调查省份人群睡眠状况变化趋势分析

目的 分析中国健康与营养调查中9个项目省队列人群睡眠状况的变化趋势,发现睡眠不足和睡眠过多重点干预人群。方法 利用9个项目省队列人群2004-2011年四轮调查数据,以城乡、性别作为分层因素,分析≥3岁各年龄段人群睡眠不足和睡眠过多的变化趋势。结果 2004、2006、2009、2011年分别调查3～5岁儿童274、281、329和304人;6～12岁儿童874、806、768和742人;13～17岁儿童789、529、426和367人;≥18岁成年人9 568、9 530、9 942和9 609人。各年度城乡及不同性别3～17岁学龄前和学龄儿童睡眠不足率最低为53.9%（200/371,为2006年13～17岁农村儿童）,最高达77.2%（44/57,2004年3～5岁城市儿童）;农村3～5岁儿童睡眠不足率逐年上升。≥18岁成年人睡眠不足率为4.2%（82/1 954,2009年女性）～20.8%（211/1 015,2011年城市）;45～59岁以及≥60岁年龄组无论城乡、男女性别,其睡眠不足率均逐年上升。各年度城乡以及不同性别3～17岁儿童睡眠过多率处于较低水平,各轮调查结果差异无统计学意义。成年人睡眠过多率为18.4%（569/3 093,2011年城市人群）～32.5%（1 617/4 969,2004年女性人群）,有逐年下降趋势。结论 未成年人睡眠不足率高,农村3～5岁儿童、45～59岁以及≥60岁人群睡眠不足率逐年上升,应引起重视。     

永州市成人高血压患病情况及危险因素研究

目的了解永州市成人高血压患病率、知晓率及危险因素,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,通过问卷调查和体检对永州市18～69岁成人进行高血压相关调查,应用SPSS13.0软件包进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果共有效调查3780人,其中男性1638人,女性2142人;高血压患病率为25.1%,标化患病率为23.5%,其中男性为28.7%,女性为22.3%;知晓率为41.4%,其中男性为31.3%,女性为50.4%。进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析发现,高血压影响因素按作用大小依次为年龄、超重肥胖、精神状态、过量饮酒、中心性肥胖、血脂、性别、钙摄入。结论永州市成人高血压患病率高,针对高血压现况及危险因素采取控制体重、减少饮酒量、保持心理平衡、保持血脂正常及多摄入高钙食物等措施可以有效地减少永州市成人高血压的发生。抓好该市高血压及其相关疾病的综合防治是今后该市慢性病防治工作的重点。     

Analysis of the Effects of Nutrient Intake and Dietary Habits on Depression in Korean Adults

While several studies have explored nutrient intake and dietary habits associated with depression, few studies have reflected recent trends and demographic factors. Therefore, we examined how nutrient intake and eating habits are associated with depression, according to gender and age. We performed simple and multiple regressions using nationally representative samples of 10,106 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results indicated that cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium, frequency of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and eating out were significantly associated with depression (p-value < 0.05). Moreover, depression was associated with nutrient intake and dietary habits by gender and age group: sugar, breakfast, lunch, and eating out frequency in the young women’s group; sodium and lunch frequency among middle-age men; dietary fibers, breakfast, and eating out frequency among middle-age women; energy, moisture, carbohydrate, lunch, and dinner frequency in late middle-age men; breakfast and lunch frequency among late middle-age women; vitamin A, carotene, lunch, and eating out frequency among older age men; and fat, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and eating out frequency among the older age women’s group (p-value < 0.05). This study can be used to establish dietary strategies for depression prevention, considering gender and age.     

Lower Dietary Calcium Intake is Associated with a Higher Risk of Mortality in Korean Adults

BackgroundCalcium, one of the most abundant minerals in the human body, has a pivotal role in human physiology. However, only a few studies have examined the association of dietary calcium intake with mortality in a population with low calcium intake.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the association of dietary calcium intake with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Korean adults with low calcium intake.DesignThis study was a prospective cohort study.Participants/settingThe analysis was conducted using data from 44,327 eligible Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2015. Dietary calcium intake was assessed using 1-day 24-hour recall data.Main outcome measuresThe main outcomes of this study were mortality from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all other causes combined. The outcome was ascertained through linkage to the death registry compiled by Statistics Korea with the use of the resident registration number.Statistical analyses performedWeighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% CIs of the all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to dietary calcium intake.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 7.28 person-years, 1,889 deaths were ascertained. After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratios for all-cause mortality for the second quintile to the highest quintile of dietary calcium intake, respectively, compared with the first quintile were 0.86 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00), 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.98), 0.85 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.03), and 0.78 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.96) (P for trend from the lowest to the highest quintile = .04). There were no statistically significant associations between dietary calcium intake and risk of mortality from cancer, cardiovascular, or respiratory disease.ConclusionsIn this large prospective cohort study of Korean adults, lower dietary calcium intake was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality.     

Association between Protein Intake and the Risk of Hypertension among Chinese Men and Women: A Longitudinal Study

This study aimed to examine the relationship between hypertension risk and protein intake in Chinese individuals. Our analysis included 7007 men and 7752 women from 9 China Health and Nutrition Survey waves (1991–2015). The main outcome was incident hypertension. Dietary intake was recorded using a combination of 3 consecutive 24-h recalls and a household food inventory survey. Energy-adjusted cumulative average intakes were analyzed, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were built. After 143,035 person-years of follow-up, 2586 and 2376 new male and female hypertension cases were identified, respectively. In multivariate-adjusted models with dietary protein intakes included as categorical variables, higher animal protein intake was associated with lower hypertension risk in women (p-trend = 0.01), whereas non-significant in men. Plant protein intake showed a significant positive correlation with hypertension risk, while non-significant for total protein. On a continuous scale, restricted cubic spline curves visually revealed L-, J-, and U-shaped associations between hypertension risk and animal-, plant-, and total-protein intakes, respectively, in both sexes (all p-nonlinearity < 0.0001). Our results suggest a beneficial association between intakes of animal, plant, and total proteins and hypertension risk at lower intake levels, and excessive intake of plant or total protein may increase the hypertension risk in the Chinese population.     

A Trend Analysis of the Prevalence,Awareness, Treatment,and Control of Hypertension by Age Group

Objectives

We examined the trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Korea as a basis for improving hypertension control programs.

Methods

12 598 participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. Weighted linear regression to test time trends from 2007 to 2011 was performed.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension was 20.7% in 2007, 29.4% in 2009, and 26.2% in 2011. Awareness of hypertension was 64.8% in 2007 and 61.1% in 2011. Awareness in those aged 65 and over was greater than in younger groups (age 19 to 44 and 45 to 64; p<0.001). The treatment rates were 58.4% in 2007 and 56.8% in 2011. The treatment rate was greater for those 65 and over than for younger age groups (p<0.001). The percentage of controlled hypertension was 37.6% in 2011. The percentage of controlled hypertension in those 65 and over was higher than in younger age groups (p<0.001). The treatment-control rates were 65.9% in 2007 and 67.7% in 2011. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in the males (p<0.001), while the awareness (p<0.001), treatment (p<0.001), and control (p<0.001) rates were higher in the females.

Conclusions

The prevalence of hypertension was increasing and the hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates were low in younger age groups and males.     

Trends in nutrient intakes and consumption while eating-out among Korean adults based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2012) data

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Eating-out among Korean people has become an important part of modern lifestyle due to tremendous growth of the food service industry and various social and economic changes. This study examined trends in meal patterns and meal sources while eating-out among Korean adults aged 19 years and older.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

Data were from the 1998-2012 KNHNES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) by the 24-hour dietary recall method. This study included 55,718 adults aged 19 years and older. For analysis of eating-out frequency, data were categorized by source of meals and serving place.

RESULTS

Average frequency of meals consumed away from home increased from 1998 to 2012, although it remained lower than that of meals at home. In addition, male, unmarried, employed, higher educated, and high income individuals more frequently consumed meals away from home. Moreover, sodium intake while eating-out significantly increased from 2,370 mg in 1998 to 2,935 mg in 2012. Lastly, percentage contributions of daily total protein intake, fat intake, and sodium intake from eating-out increased to more than half (53-55%) in 2012 compared with 47-48% in 1998.

CONCLUSIONS

As eating-out has grown in popularity, greater recognition of public health and nutritional education aimed at promoting healthy food choices is needed. In addition to developing consumer education for overall healthier eating patterns, individuals who are younger, unmarried, higher educated, and males are especially at risk and require attention.     

中国北方少数民族聚居地农村居民饮酒与农业伤害的流行病学研究

目的 了解北方少数民族聚居地农村居民农业伤害的发生情况和饮酒与农业伤害的关系.方法 采用多级抽样的方法选取样本,通过面对面访谈方式收集资料;共抽取2366名达斡尔族聚居地农村居民,收到合格问卷2198份.结果 在2198名达斡尔族聚居地农村居民中,农业伤害发生率为11.8%,男性伤害发生率(13.8%)明显高于女性(9.7%)(P=0.003).年龄、职业、从事农业生产的年限、睡眠困难、从事农业生产时吸烟、驾驶农用机动车、使用农用机械和饮酒是伤害的危险因素(P＜0.01).通过控制混杂因素,饮酒与农业伤害有关,先前饮酒者、目前饮酒者发生伤害的危险性分别是不饮酒者的1.57倍(95%CI:1.05～2.37)和1.80倍(95%CI:1.24～2.62).目前的饮酒率为29.1%(640/2198).随着每周饮酒次数、每次饮纯酒精量、饮酒年限、饮用酒精饮料种类的变化,农业伤害的危险性增加;在早午餐饮酒发生农业伤害的危险性是不饮酒者的2.15倍(95%CI:1.43～3.22),经常醉酒者发生农业伤害的危险性是不饮酒者的2.09倍(95%CI:1.38～3.15).结论 饮酒是农业伤害的主要危险因素.控制饮酒、加强道路安全知识和农用机械使用知识培训,是预防农业伤害的主要措施.     

阜阳某区高血压的防治效果及发病因素分析

目的 了解阜阳某区成人高血压的发病及防治情况。方法 对该区固定成人群体检出的2755例高血压患者进行药物或(和)非药物治疗，并就发病因素和防治情况进行1～2a(平均18个月)的随访。结果 重盐饮食、紧张环境、遗传、年龄、肥胖、吸烟等构成了高血压发病的主要因素，186例被控制，1759例有明显改善，810例得到缓解；合并脑卒中77人，心脏病56人，肾功能不全7人，死亡11人。结论 高血压病是多种原因影响的结果，其发病率高，致残率高，死亡率高，而控制率低。