能力素质模型在医院人力资源管理中的应用研究

能力素质模型为解决工作内容知识化、组织结构柔性化、职责边界模糊化以及＂人员？岗位？组织＂三者匹配关系动态化的转变提供了全新方法和视角。本文对能力素质模型的发展过程与研究现状回顾与分析,对能力素质模型在医院人力资源管理中的应用及前景进行展望。     

虚拟人技术在军事医学研究中的应用

综述了目前国内外虚拟人技术的研究现状,介绍了虚拟人几何建模技术、运动学测量及分析技术、动力学建模及分析技术以及有限元建模及分析技术。结合军事医学的特点,探讨了虚拟人技术在军事医学研究中的应用问题,阐明了虚拟人技术在军事医学中的重要性,并对未来虚拟人技术在军事医学中的应用前景进行了展望。     

医用超声探头的研究进展

本文阐述了医用超声探头在超声诊断设备发展中的重要地位,介绍了医用超声探头的应用现状,同时从材料工艺、结构技术以及应用等方面分析了医用超声探头的发展现状和前景。     

仿人机器人在残障人生活起居中的应用分析

本文在仿人机器人与残障人的基础上,进一步从应用需求、应用可行性、应用范围、应用现状、应用前景、发展趋势等方面,分析研究了仿人机器人在残障人生活起居中的应用可能性、必要性、科学性及未来发展趋势。     

浅析抗组胺药在皮肤科应用的进展

抗组胺药物通常是皮肤科的治疗中常见的药物,对抗组胺药的不良反应与疗效在临床上相关的学者都有不同程度的研究.为了更清楚的了解抗组胺药在皮肤病中的治疗的作用机制、不良反应以及应用前景等方面.本研究着重阐述了抗组胺药的新药研究现状、主要类型以及该药物在皮肤科的应用的各种情况等内容.     

超高效液相色谱在药物分析中的应用

目的:探讨超高效液相色谱法在抗生素类药物分析中的应用.方法:对超高效液相色谱法在头袍他美醋含量、有关物质、聚合物及体内药代动力学和生物等效性研究的应用情况进行综述,并对未来发展趋势进行探讨.结果:超高效液相色谱法广泛应用于头袍他美醋药物分析工艺研究、质量控制过程、体内药代动力学、生物等效性研究中.结论:随着新型固定相、检测器的研究以及联用技术的发展,超高效液相色谱法在抗生素类药物分析中的应用前景广阔.     

GIS在流行病学研究中的应用

从流行病学领域研究的角度出发,论述了领域研究人员应用空间分析技术分析疾病空间分布模式、识别影响疾病发生和传播的危险因素、预测疾病流行趋势以及有效配置医疗资源等方面的研究现状,并对空间分析在流行病学研究中的应用前景做了展望。     

非线性动力学在脑神经系统研究中的应用

采集一组脑电数据，利用3种非线性动力学算法对数据进行性分析，通过对结果的分析展望了非线性动力学方法在研究脑神经系统方面的应用前景。     

计划行为理论及其在医学中的研究应用

计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior,TPB)是在理性行为理论的基础上发展与延伸出来的一种社会认知理论。近来该理论广受社会行为研究者的青睐,已成功的在多个行为领域中应用。本文主要介绍计划行为理论的起源与发展、主要内容以及医学中的应用现状,并分析其应用前景。     

每搏连续无创血压监测系统的研究进展

该研究阐明了每搏连续无创血压监测系统(CNAP)基于动脉容积钳制法的工作原理、在临床的应用现状,通过介绍CNAP与目前常用的有创及无创血流动力学监测系统的比较,分别阐述各种监测系统的优势及不足,突出CNAP实时、连续、无创的优点,并指出CNAP在准确性方面的不足,最后展望了其更广泛的应用前景。     

摇床机构仿真分析

目的:研制一种用于体外诊断试剂盒温浴混匀,缩短反应时间的专用摇床。方法:借助CAD技术对摇床摆动机构建立三维模型并运用有限元软件Abaqus对其进行模态分析。利用ADAMS软件建立工作机构仿真模型,并对其进行运动学仿真分析。结果:得到摇床摆动机构的固有频率和振型,揭示其机构运动规律和状态,为摇床工作参数和结构设计参数的确定提供理论依据,减少了开发费用,缩短了开发周期。结论:CAD/CAE技术为摇床摆动机构合理设计,结构参数优化提供了一种有效方法,对于设计工作中提升产品性能、提高设计效率起到了积极的推动作用。     

数据挖掘技术在职业卫生工程分析中的应用研究

目的利用数据挖掘技术将历史数据和专家经验合理应用于职业卫生工程分析，弥补传统分析方法的缺陷。方法用历史数据建立数据仓库，用联机分析处理（OLAP）和基于贝叶斯信念网络与神经网络集成的风险评估模型，分别挖掘泛化特征和风险评估规则。结果该方法能充分应用历史数据的隐含规则与专家经验来提高工程分析的准确度。结论数据挖掘技术的应用，为工程分析方法的改进提供了一种新的途径。     

Structural and Interpersonal Characteristics of Family Meals: Associations with Adolescent Body Mass Index and Dietary Patterns

The last decade of research has suggested that family meals play an important role in promoting healthful dietary intake in youth. However, little is known about the structural characteristics and interpersonal dynamics of family meals that might help to inform why family meals are protective for youth. The current mixed methods, cross-sectional study conducted in 2010-2011 includes adolescents and parents who participated in two linked population-based studies. Participants included 40 parents (91.5% female) and adolescents (57.5% female) from the Minneapolis/St Paul, MN, area participating in EAT (Eating and Activity Among Teens) 2010 and F-EAT (Families and Eating and Activity Among Teens). The structural (eg, length of the meal, types of foods served) and interpersonal characteristics (eg, communication, emotion/affect management) of family meals were described, and associations between interpersonal dynamics at family meals and adolescent body mass index and dietary intake were examined via direct observational methods. Families were videorecorded during two mealtimes in their homes. Results indicated that family meals were approximately 20 minutes in length, included multiple family members, were typically served family style (70%), and occurred in the kitchen 62% of the time and 38% of the time in another room (eg, family room, office). In addition, significant associations were found between positive interpersonal dynamics (ie, communication, affect management, interpersonal involvement, overall family functioning) at family meals and lower adolescent body mass index and higher vegetable intake. These findings add to the growing body of literature on family meals by providing a better understanding of what is happening at family meals in order to inform obesity-prevention studies and recommendations for providers working with families of youth.     

系统动力学建模在卫生资源配置研究中的应用

文章运用系统动力学建模方法,对医疗卫生服务系统卫生资源配置流向及效率进行因果关系分析,构建系统动力学流图,筛选模型变量,确立动力学方程,并对模型进行仿真模拟,为卫生资源配置研究在方法学探索上进行了有益尝试。     

The role of institutional entrepreneurs in reforming healthcare

We draw on institutional entrepreneurship theory to analyse the dynamics of institutional change in a healthcare context. The focus of our interest is in the relationship between an institutional entrepreneur's 'subject position', defined in terms of their structural and normative legitimacy within the existing institutional landscape, and the nature of the change enacted. We develop this approach through an examination of the implementation of new pathways for cancer genetic services within the English National Health Service. Employing comparative case analysis we show that those who have limited structural legitimacy under prevailing conditions are most willing to engender change, but also least able; whereas those who have strong structural legitimacy are most able, but often least willing. However, those who are able rhetorically to combine a balance of structural and normative legitimacy are most able to produce change. In doing so, we demonstrate the importance of the concept of institutional entrepreneurship to understand healthcare reform.     

Longitudinal structural mixed models for the analysis of surgical trials with noncompliance

Patient noncompliance complicates the analysis of many randomized trials seeking to evaluate the effect of surgical intervention as compared with a nonsurgical treatment. If selection for treatment depends on intermediate patient characteristics or outcomes, then 'as-treated' analyses may be biased for the estimation of causal effects. Therefore, the selection mechanism for treatment and/or compliance should be carefully considered when conducting analysis of surgical trials. We compare the performance of alternative methods when endogenous processes lead to patient crossover. We adopt an underlying longitudinal structural mixed model that is a natural example of a structural nested model. Likelihood-based methods are not typically used in this context; however, we show that standard linear mixed models will be valid under selection mechanisms that depend only on past covariate and outcome history. If there are underlying patient characteristics that influence selection, then likelihood methods can be extended via maximization of the joint likelihood of exposure and outcomes. Semi-parametric causal estimation methods such as marginal structural models, g-estimation, and instrumental variable approaches can also be valid, and we both review and evaluate their implementation in this setting. The assumptions required for valid estimation vary across approaches; thus, the choice of methods for analysis should be driven by which outcome and selection assumptions are plausible.     

Phylogenetic tree shapes resolve disease transmission patterns

Background and Objectives

Whole-genome sequencing is becoming popular as a tool for understanding outbreaks of communicable diseases, with phylogenetic trees being used to identify individual transmission events or to characterize outbreak-level overall transmission dynamics. Existing methods to infer transmission dynamics from sequence data rely on well-characterized infectious periods, epidemiological and clinical metadata which may not always be available, and typically require computationally intensive analysis focusing on the branch lengths in phylogenetic trees. We sought to determine whether the topological structures of phylogenetic trees contain signatures of the transmission patterns underlying an outbreak.

Methodology

We use simulated outbreaks to train and then test computational classifiers. We test the method on data from two real-world outbreaks.

Results

We show that different transmission patterns result in quantitatively different phylogenetic tree shapes. We describe topological features that summarize a phylogeny’s structure and find that computational classifiers based on these are capable of predicting an outbreak’s transmission dynamics. The method is robust to variations in the transmission parameters and network types, and recapitulates known epidemiology of previously characterized real-world outbreaks.

Conclusions and implications

There are simple structural properties of phylogenetic trees which, when combined, can distinguish communicable disease outbreaks with a super-spreader, homogeneous transmission and chains of transmission. This is possible using genome data alone, and can be done during an outbreak. We discuss the implications for management of outbreaks.     

系统动力学模型在卫生总费用推算中的应用研究

目的:探索系统动力学仿真模型在卫生总费用推算中的应用.方法:依据系统动力学建模原理.采用VensimPLE 5.8b仿真模拟软件建立卫生总费用的系统仿真模型,推算2005-2009年卫生总费用水平并与核算报告值进行对比.结果:系统动力学模型的推算结果优于其他推算方法,非常接近报告值,推算值与报告值的相对平均误差为0.71%.结论:系统动力学模型应用于卫生总费用推算效果良好,可为卫生总费用仿真研究增添一个新工具.