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1.
Luis Emilio Pablo Maria Pilar Bambo Beatriz Cameo Blanca Ferrández Noemí Güerri Vicente Polo Jose Manuel Larrosa Javier Moreno-Montañés Elena Garcia-Martin 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2018,62(1):41-47
Purpose
To evaluate automatic peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) measurements in a wide area around the optic disc and various established zones in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls using a new swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) device.Study design
Single center cross-sectional observational study.Methods
A total of 135 POAG patients and 86 healthy subjects were consecutively enrolled. An optic disc 6.0 × 6.0 mm three-dimensional scan OD was obtained using the SS-OCT Triton. A 26 × 26 cube-grid centered in the optic disc was generated to automatically measure choroidal thickness. Seven choroidal zones were established (superior temporal, central, and nasal; inferior temporal, central, and nasal, and the optic nerve head) and compared between healthy controls and POAG patients.Results
PPCT was significantly thinner in the central superior, nasal superior, and nasal inferior zones of the POAG subjects. Choroidal thickness in the central superior zone was 124.61 ± 54.95 µm in POAG group vs 156.17 ± 80.89 µm in healthy controls (p = 0.029); in the nasal superior zone, 133.84 ± 58.89 µm in the POAG group vs 168.34 ± 73.45 µm in healthy controls (p = 0.012); and in the nasal inferior zone, 113.45 ± 49.93 µm in the POAG group vs 137.47 ± 65.96 µm in healthy controls (p = 0.049).Conclusion
Compared with healthy subjects, glaucoma patients present with peripapillary choroidal thinning, especially in the central superior, nasal superior, and nasal inferior zones. The new SS-OCT could be a useful tool to evaluate choroidal thinning, and it could be an additional support to facilitate glaucoma diagnosis.2.
Sakari Nakamine Hiroshi Sakai Yoshikuni Arakaki Michiko Yonahara Tadayoshi Kaiya 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2018,62(1):48-53
Purpose
To study the effect of the internal fixation lamp on anterior chamber width measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography.Methods
In a prospective cross sectional observational study, consecutive 22 right eyes of 22 patients (4 men and 18 women) with suspected primary angle closure underwent swept source domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), (CASIA SS-1000, Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). Anterior chamber parameters of angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), angle recess area (ARA) at 500 or 750 µm from scleral spur and pupil diameter were measured by AS-OCT in a three-dimensional mode in 4 quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal and nasal) in dark room setting both with and without internal fixation lamp.Results
Anterior segment parameters of AOD 500 in superior, inferior and temporal quadrants, AOD 750 at superior and nasal, TIA 500 at superior, and inferior and TIA 750 at superior and nasal, and ARA 500 or 750 at superior and inferior with internal fixation lamp were greater and the pupil diameter was significantly (all P < 0.05, paired t test) smaller than when measured without fixation lamp.Conclusions
Internal fixation lamp of the anterior segment OCT makes the pupil constrict and angle wider. When using AS-OCT with usual setting with internal fixation lamp on with eyes in which the anterior chamber angle is narrow but open, it is recommended that the internal fixation lamp be turned off to ensure a clear indication as to whether the angle is open or closed in the dark.3.
Purpose
To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements and reliability of RTVue XR-100 anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), AL-scan optical biometer and Schwind Sirius anterior segment analysis system.Methods
The CCT was measured in one hundred and twenty-seven eyes of 127 healthy subjects with AS-OCT, AL-scan and Sirius system. Mean CCT was compared among the instruments, and the level of agreement was assessed using Bland–Altman plots. One eye each of 30 subjects was randomly assigned for intrasession intraoperator and interoperator repeatability which was assessed using coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient.Results
Mean CCT with AS-OCT, AL-scan and Sirius system was 496.72 ± 32.75, 507.43 ± 33.54 and 512.08 ± 33.1 µm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between AL-scan and Sirius system (p = 0.26). Significant difference was found between AS-OCT/AL-scan (p = 0.01) and AS-OCT/Sirius system (p < 0.0001). Bland–Altman analysis showed a high level of agreement between AL-Scan/Sirius system (Mean difference ?4.6 µm) and a low level of agreement between AS-OCT/AL-scan (Mean difference ?10.7 µm) and OCT/Sirius system (Mean difference ?15.4 µm).Conclusions
AS-OCT underestimated CCT measurements when compared to other two devices in healthy subjects. Hence, one must be cautious when analyzing the results from different machines and should be aware that the measurement values are not interchangeable.4.
Isil Sayman Muslubas Mumin Hocaoglu Mehmet Giray Ersoz Serra Arf Murat Karacorlu 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(3):1035-1042
Purpose
To evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) in cases with chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), before and after pars plana vitrectomy, and cases with acute RRD using optical coherence tomography.Methods
This retrospective study included 24 eyes with chronic RRD and 26 eyes with recent-onset RRD. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and SCT were measured and compared between the two groups. Of 24 eyes with chronic RRD, 11 had primary pars plana vitrectomy. Measurements of operated and fellow eyes were also compared before surgery and 1 week, 1 and 3 months after surgery.Results
The preoperative mean SCT in eyes with chronic RRD was 342.6 ± 111.7 µm and in fellow eyes 342.4 ± 116.7 µm (P = 0.83) and in eyes with acute RRD was 346.2 ± 51 µm and in fellow eyes 262.7 ± 46.8 µm (P < 0.001). There was also no significant change in SCT between baseline before surgery and 3 months after surgery in eyes with chronic RRD (P = 0.20).Conclusion
No significant difference was found in the mean SCT between affected and fellow eyes in chronic RRD. This may be related to intraocular inflammation, which is more limited in chronic than in acute RRD. There was also no significant difference in the SCT in eyes with chronic RRD between the operated and fellow eyes after surgery. It may be concluded that vitrectomy does not affect choroidal thickness.5.
Metin Unlu Duygu Gülmez Sevim Cagatay Karaca Bahadir Duzgun Ayse Ozturk Oner Ertugrul Mirza 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(1):75-82
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of fluorescein angiography on retinal vessel diameter with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 81 eyes of 81 patients who were performed fluorescein angiography (FA) procedure were included. Retinal vessels were examined with the Spectral-domain OCT at baseline and immediately after FA procedure. A cube scan consisting of seven horizontal scans were placed at the inferior border of the disk to include the inferior temporal retinal vessels. Vessels diameters were measured at five measurement points (480–1440 μm inferiorly from the optic disk border).Results
The mean age of the study subjects was 58.02 ± 14.1 years. At baseline, the mean diameter of the retinal artery was 120.16 ± 24.56 µm and of the vein 157.94 ± 32.34 µm at the measurement point of 480 μm, with a gradual decrease to 114.91 ± 25.59 and 152.17 ± 28.17 µm, respectively, at 1440 μm. After FA procedure, the mean diameter of the retinal artery was 122.85 ± 26.35 and of the vein 158.30 ± 32.21 µm at the measurement point of 480 μm, with a gradual decrease to 115.22 ± 22.91 and 151.94 ± 28.93 µm, respectively, at 1440 μm. There were no statistical differences for either of these comparisons at any of the points of both artery and vein measurements.Conclusion
There was not any clinically significant change in retinal artery diameter such as a dilatatory response after FA procedure in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).6.
Purpose
To examine the clinical utility of femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy (FSL-AK) for eyes after cataract surgery.Methods
Eight eyes of 6 patients with an intraocular lens and corneal astigmatism of 2.0 diopters (D) or more underwent FSL-AK. The mean preoperative manifest cylindrical refraction was 2.88 ± 0.64 D and the mean corneal astigmatism was 2.84 ± 0.83 D. Paired symmetrical arcuate incisions were created with the same settings, except for the incision depth. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), manifest cylindrical power, and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) were measured at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. Fourier analysis of corneal topography and incision depths measured with anterior-segment optical coherence tomography were evaluated 1 month postoperatively.Results
In all eyes, the UDVA improved at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively, and the manifest cylinder also decreased postoperatively, while the SIA showed overcorrections in 6 eyes. Fourier analysis showed decreases in spherical and regular astigmatic components and increases in higher-order irregularity. The mean incision depth was measured as 60 µm deeper than the intended depth.Conclusion
The FSL-AK effectively reduced corneal astigmatism and improved the UDVA, although it was demonstrated that the deeper incisions led to overcorrection.7.
AyşeÖzköse Çiçek Necati Duru Zeynep Duru Orhan Altunel Arzu Seyhan Karatepe Haşhaş Hasan Basri Arifoğlu Bedirhan Alabay Mustafa Ataş 《International ophthalmology》2017,37(4):843-848
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of Valsalva maneuver (VM) on choroidal thickness.Methods
All the volunteers underwent a detailed opthalmic examination. Third-generation Spectralis OCT device (software version 5.6.3.0; Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany) was used for assessment. Subfoveal and perifoveal CT of all volunteers were measured by using EDI-OCT technology. Perifoveal CT was measured 1500 µm nasally and 1500 µm temporally apart from the foveal center. The measurements were repeated while volunteers were performing VM.Results
Sixty-four eyes of 32 healthy volunteers were assessed. The volunteers were aged 29–50. The mean age was 32.8 ± 6.6 years. Choroidal thickness measurements differed with statistical significance between resting position and VMin all regions (p < 0.001). While mean subfoveal CT was 350.64 ± 87.73 µm during resting position, it was 369.95 ± 90.12 µm during VM (p < 0.001). While mean nasal CT was 292.14 ± 81.67 µm during resting position, it was 305.46 ± 85.80 µm during VM (p < 0.001). While mean temporal CT was 325.93 ± 80.91 µm during resting position, it was 343.21 ± 81.53 µm during VM (p < 0.001).Conclusions
We found statistically significant increase in choroidal thickness during the VM in healthy volunteers. This result might be important for future studies researching autoregulation of choroidal and retinal blood flow in physiologic and pathologic conditions. Also, our study is noteworthy to stand out the errors in EDI-OCT measurements caused by unintentional breath holding of patients.8.
Takeshi Yabana Yukihiro Shiga Ryo Kawasaki Kazuko Omodaka Hidetoshi Takahashi Koudai Kimura Kyosuke Togashi Takaaki Horii Kei Sasaki Testuya Yuasa Toru Nakazawa 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2017,61(5):378-387
Purpose
To investigate a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived variable, circumpapillary mean retinal shadow width (cpMRSW), and to elucidate its association with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).Methods
For the purpose of validation, we measured retinal vascular calibers in 68 arterioles and 100 venules of 12 NTG patients and 12 healthy subjects and compared the width of the visible retinal shadows in spectral-domain OCT images and the caliber of retinal vessels in retinal photographs. Then we calculated cpMRSW in 78 NTG eyes and 25 age-matched healthy control eyes. Additionally, we divided the patients into early (mean deviation: MD > ?6 dB), moderate (MD ?6 to ?12 dB), and severe (MD < ?12 dB) NTG groups, and compared cpMRSW in these groups. Finally, we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in order to determine the power of mean retinal shadow width to distinguish the groups.Results
OCT retinal shadow width was significantly correlated with photography-measured retinal caliber (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). CpMRSW was significantly different between the control and NTG patients (control: 107.3 ± 7.0 µm, mild: 99.4 ± 8.6 µm, moderate: 99.7 ± 9.5 µm, severe: 90.5 ± 12.0 µm, P < 0.001), despite similar distributions in systemic variables. An ROC analysis revealed that cpMRSW could differentiate NTGs from normal eyes (area under the ROC curve: 0.81).Conclusions
Our new software for measuring mean retinal shadow width in OCT images may be a valuable tool for detecting NTG and diagnosing its severity.9.
Purpose
To report on the ability to perform corneal crosslinking (CXL) under local anaesthesia for the treatment of keratoconus in patients with Down syndrome.Methods
Nine eyes of seven patients with both keratoconus and Down syndrome were scheduled for an epithelium-off CXL procedure under local anaesthesia. Exclusion criteria were a corneal thickness under 400 µm and the presence of corneal scars. A standardized clinical decision tool was used to estimate patient cooperation and the likelihood for a successful procedure under local rather than general anaesthesia.Results
In seven eyes, the CXL was completed successfully. The treatment was aborted in two eyes due to insufficient corneal thickness (<400 µm) prior to ultraviolet-A irradiation, even after employing hypoosmolar riboflavin. No adverse events occurred post-operatively, except for one case of delayed epithelial healing (23 days).Conclusions
With a proper patient selection, CXL under local anaesthesia can be achieved in patients with Down syndrome.10.
Yunes Panahi Mostafa Naderi Khosrow Jadidi Hadise Hoseini Mojtaba Abrishami 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(1):99-104
Background
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as an alternative, are replacing corticosteroids in ocular inflammatory diseases. Diclofenac has been used mainly topically, and recent focus has been on intravitreal delivery. Both of these methods have been shown to have complications in long-term application.Purpose
To assess the efficacy of slow release oral diclofenac sodium on intravitreal concentration in experimental model of chemically injured eyes.Methods
In an experimental double-masked clinical trial, right eyes of 24 albino rabbits were chemically injured by 1 N NaOH. One hour after chemical injury, 10 cc suspension gavage containing 100 mg slow release diclofenac sodium was administered in all cases. 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after gavage, vitreous samples were obtained in all cases. Intravitreal concentration of diclofenac sodium was evaluated in all samples using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results
Intravitreal diclofenac levels by oral intake were enhanced by the inflammation in all the measurements. In inflamed eyes, diclofenac concentration was ten times more than control eye (2.658 ± 0.344 vs. 0.242 ± 0.0279 and 1.617 ± 0.527 vs. 0.148 ± 0.095; in 2 and 4 h, respectively). After 6 h, diclofenac concentration was statistically different, although it reduced below 1 μg/ml.Conclusion
Diclofenac is delivered to the inflamed eye more than healthy eye. It seems that by oral diclofenac consumption, it is possible to make a significant intravitreal concentration.11.
Sayaka Kato Misae Ito Kimiya Shimizu Kazutaka Kamiya 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(3):1003-1009
Purpose
To evaluate the etiology and the clinical outcomes of secondary surgical interventions for dissatisfied patients after pseudophakic monovision.Setting
Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.Design
Retrospective case series.Methods
This study comprised 12 eyes in 12 patients (age 66.2 ± 5.6 years) who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) enhancement to improve their dissatisfaction after pseudophakic monovision. We quantitatively assessed the visual and refractive outcomes and the subjective satisfaction measured using a visual analog scale, that ranged from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied), before and 3 months after PRK enhancement.Results
Six (50%) of the 12 patients were dissatisfied with their various distance visions because of a large amount of anisometropia (≥2.50 D). Two (16.7%) were dissatisfied with their distance vision after conventional monovision because of residual cylindrical errors (≥0.75 D) in the dominant eye. Three (25%) was an unknown origin. The remaining one of the 12 patients was dissatisfied due to the unadaptability to crossed monovision. Eleven (91.7%) eyes were within ±0.5 D of the targeted correction after PRK enhancement. The overall satisfaction score was significantly improved, from 3.7 ± 2.4 (range 0–7) preoperatively to 6.0 ± 2.4 (range 2–9) postoperatively (p = 0.02). No vision-threatening complications were seen throughout the observation period.Conclusions
PRK enhancement was effective with predictable refractive results and thus improved patient satisfaction for dissatisfied patients after pseudophakic monovision. These findings also suggest that the accurate correction of refractive errors plays a key role in successful pseudophakic monovision.12.
Maha E. Houssen Mona Abo Bakr El-Hussiny Amr El-Kannishy Dalia Sabry Rasha El Mahdy Mohamed E. Shaker 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(5):1817-1823
Purpose
Interleukin (IL)-27 has been reported to possess anti- and proinflammatory properties in several immune related-disorders, but its role in diabetic retinopathy is still elusive. Here, we aimed to (i) evaluate IL-27 concentrations in serum and aqueous humor of diabetic patients with or without retinopathy and (ii) test whether IL-27 is correlated with some risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.Methods
The study comprised 60 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy along with 20 healthy controls. Serum and aqueous humor concentrations of IL-27 were assessed by ELISA.Results
The mean of IL-27 concentration in aqueous humor in patients with diabetic retinopathy (6.7 ± 2.7 ng/L) was significantly elevated in comparison with either diabetic patients without retinopathy (4.6 ± 0.5 ng/L) or healthy control group (4.1 ± 0.8 ng/L). Besides, IL-27 concentration in aqueous humor was positively correlated with serum glucose, lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Conclusions
Based on this study, IL-27 is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and positively correlates with the disorder progression.13.
Yutaka Yamada Yoshihiro Takamura Takehiro Matsumura Masakazu Morioka Makoto Gozawa Masaru Inatani 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2018,62(6):686-692
Purpose
To estimate the effect of sub-Tenon’s capsule triamcinolone acetonide injection (STTA) combined with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) using pattern scan laser (PSL) for high risk non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), in terms of the inflammation and the progression of diabetic macular edema (DME).Study design
Retrospective comparative analysis.Methods
NPDR patients who underwent PRP using PSL with (STTA+PSL group, n=24) or without (PSL group, n=19) pretreatment of STTA were enrolled. We measured anterior flare intensity (AFI) and central retinal thickness (CRT) at day of STTA (day 0), and at 1, 3, 7, 11 and 15 weeks.Results
The CRT of the STTA+PSL group was significantly lower than that of the PSL group at 7 (308.15±69.16 μm versus 340.21±77.91 μm, p = 0.04), 11 (283.8±60.75 μm versus 335.7±67.70 μm, p = 0.01) and 15 weeks (281.13±35.29 μm versus 316.58±54.89 μm, p = 0.02). AFI levels in the STTA+PSL group were significantly lower than those in the PSL group at 11 (10.47±3.40 versus 15.85±8.38, p = 0.007) and 15 weeks (11.38±3.31 versus 14.37±3.85, p = 0.009). The significant improvement in CRT from baseline was noticed through the observational periods in STTA+PSL group, but not in the PSL group.Conclusion
Pretreatment of STTA has the potential to not only prevent the worsening of DME, but also reduce the CRT and AFI of eyes with NPDR after PRP using PSL.14.
Erdem Dinç Mustafa Vatansever Özer Dursun H. Görkem Markirt Bahri Aydın Ayça Yılmaz Ufuk Adıgüzel 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(6):2357-2361
Purpose
To evaluate visual outcomes and complications in scleral fixated intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with the modified Z-suture technique.Materials and methods
Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients (20 male, 15 female) were included in the study. Patients underwent scleral fixated IOL implantation using the modified Z-suture technique and were followed in terms of visual acuity and complications.Results
Mean postoperative follow-up time was 12.46 ± 7.46 months. Mean best corrected visual acuity was 1.35 ± 0.91 logMAR preoperatively and 0.48 ± 0.39 logMAR postoperatively, and difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). No suture-related complications were observed during follow-up in any of the patients. Slight infero-temporal dislocation of the IOL was observed at postoperative 5 months in one patient (2.85%) who experienced blunt trauma. It caused no optical disturbance, and repeated surgery was not advised. Transient intravitreal hemorrhage was observed in two patients (5.7%) who underwent combined scleral fixation and pupilloplasty.Discussion
The modified Z-suture technique is simple, fast, and was determined to be safe in terms of complications. However, long-term outcomes should be evaluated in larger patient groups.15.
Suvin Choi Sang-Gue Park Lorne Bellan Hyung-Hwan Lee Sung Kun Chung 《International ophthalmology》2018,38(3):1027-1033
Purpose
To determine the effects of intra-operative Korean traditional music on pain experienced by Korean patients undergoing sequential bilateral cataract surgery.Methods
This was a two-sequence, two-period, and two-treatment crossover study. Fifty-two patients with cataracts were divided into two groups by block randomization, and bilateral cataract surgery was performed. In group 1, patients listened to Korean traditional music (KTM) during their first but not second cataract surgery. This sequence was reversed for patients in group 2. After each surgery, patients scored their pain intensity (PI) using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 was ‘no pain’ and 10 was ‘unbearable pain.’Result
There was a statistically significant reduction in the mean VAS score with KTM (3.1 ± 2.0) compared to that without KTM (4.1 ± 2.2; p = 0.013). However, there were no statistically significant differences in blood pressure or pulse rates.Conclusion
KTM had a significant effect on reducing pain experienced by patients during cataract surgery. This may be useful in the context of other surgical procedures to reduce pain in Korean patients.16.
Junna Horio Hiroki Kaneko Kei Takayama Kinichi Tuzuki Hiroko Kakihara Miou Iwami Yoshikatsu Kawase Taichi Tsunekawa Naoko Yamaguchi Norie Nonobe Hiroko Terasaki 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2018,62(2):231-236
Purpose
To investigate the refractive characteristics of Japanese children with Down syndrome.Study design
Retrospective study.Methods
The clinical records of refractive errors and ocular manifestations in children with Down syndrome who visited the Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center between November 2001 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The children were divided into the 3 following groups depending on their age: group 1 (≤ 6 years), group 2 (7–12 years), and group 3 (13–19 years). The collection of refractive error data was performed only for the right eyes and only once for each child, when the children were last examined with their pupils dilated.Results
The study included 416 children (224 boys, 192 girls; average age, 6.1 ± 4.1 years). Group 3 had significantly stronger myopia than did groups 1 and 2. The mean cylindrical power in all the children was ? 2.1 ± 1.2 diopters (D), and cylindrical power ≤ ? 1.0 D (stronger than ? 1.0 D) was seen in 366 eyes (88%). No significant difference in cylindrical power was found among the 3 groups.Conclusions
The spherical equivalent refraction showed an age-dependent myopic shift. Given that the amount of astigmatism did not show age-dependent differences, the age-dependent myopic shift could be due mainly to the change in spherical power.17.
Nozomi Kinoshita Yasuhiro Konno Naoki Hamada Yoshinobu Kanda Machiko Shimmura-Tomita Akihiro Kakehashi 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2018,62(5):544-553
Purpose
To investigate the additive effects of orthokeratology (OK) and atropine 0.01% ophthalmic solution, both of which are effective procedures to slow axial elongation in children with myopia.Study design
Prospective randomized clinical trial.Methods
Japanese children aged 8–12 years with a spherical equivalent refractive error of ??1.00 to ??6.00 diopters were included. A total of 41 participants who had been wearing the OK lenses successfully for 3 months were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either the combination of OK and atropine 0.01% ophthalmic solution (combination group) or monotherapy with OK (monotherapy group). Subjects in the combination group started to use atropine 0.01% ophthalmic solution once nightly from 3 months after the start of OK. Axial length was measured every 3 months using non-contact laser interferometry (IOLMaster), and the axial length measurement at month 3 of OK therapy was used as the baseline value in both groups. The increase in axial length over 1 year was compared between the two groups.Results
A total of 40 consecutive subjects (20 subjects in the combination group and 20 in the monotherapy group) were followed for 1 year. The increase in axial length over 1 year was 0.09?±?0.12 mm in the combination group and 0.19?±?0.15 mm in the monotherapy group (P?=?0.0356, unpaired t test).Conclusion
During the 1-year follow-up, the combination of OK and atropine 0.01% ophthalmic solution was more effective in slowing axial elongation than OK monotherapy in children with myopia.18.
Purpose
To establish a method for the measurement of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and tegafur (FT) in tear samples from patients treated with oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer agent S-1.Study design
Cross-sectional study.Methods
High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method reported for plasma samples was modified for tear samples. Simulated-tear solutions containing lactoferrin, lysozyme and standard solution containing 5-FU or FT were prepared for preliminary measurements. Tear samples from seven patients treated with S-1 were included. The tears were collected following S-1 administration using Schirmer’s strips.Results
5-FU and FT concentrations of pure standard solution without extraction process were detected as original concentration. However, on extraction, FT samples in simulated-tear solution showed a peak for 5-FU but not for FT. FT was converted to 5-FU in the extraction process. Decomposition from FT to 5-FU was suppressed when 50 mg/mL bovine serum albumin was added during extraction. The mean concentrations of 5-FU and FT in tears during S-1 treatment were 0.17?±?0.11 and 1.94?±?0.71 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion
A simple HPLC method to determine 5-FU and FT in tear samples was established.19.
20.