高效液相色谱法及串联质谱法在苯丙酮尿症筛查诊断中的应用

目的考查了高效液相色谱(HPLC)法和串联质谱(MS/MS)法在遗传代谢性疾病苯丙酮尿症(PKU)筛查中的应用及意义。方法利用MS/MS法和HPLC法分别分析了1 860例出生3d至11岁儿童的干血滤纸片及全血标本中苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Tyr)浓度及其比值。结果 MS/MS法和HPLC法Phe线性范围为26.02~101.11μmol/L和32.04~132.50μmol/L,Tyr线性范围为41.50~253.07μmol/L和32.85~111.50μmol/L,平均回收率Phe为97.36%和98.43%,Tyr为96.71%和98.99%,批内CV Phe为4.31%和3.97%,Tyr为4.09%和4.01%,批间CV Phe为5.73%和4.58%,Tyr为6.01%和5.24%。结论两种方法均能灵敏,特异的测定血中Phe和Tyr浓度,满足对PKU筛查及诊断的需要。     

PHE/TYR比值在新生儿苯丙酮尿症筛查中的应用

目的 分析Phe/Tyr比值在新生儿苯丙酮尿症筛查中的作用.方法 采用API-300 SPOTCHECK连续流动荧光分析系统检测1103例正常新生儿的筛查血片和27例已经确诊的PKU阳性患儿血片的Phe和Tyr值,并进行分析.结果 API-300 SPOTCHECK连续流动荧光分析法的阳性复合率为103.7%,阴性复合率为99.9%.结论 Phe/Tyr 比值是提高PKU筛查准确度的重要参数.     

串联质谱法和荧光分析法检测滤纸干血片苯丙氨酸的比较

目的比较荧光分析法和串联质谱法检测滤纸干血片上苯丙氨酸(Phe)水平的分布和差异,为实验室开展新生儿高苯丙氨酸血症(HPA)的筛查提供方法学依据。方法选择进行遗传代谢病筛查的滤纸干血片样本62 510例。采用荧光分析法和串联质谱法同步检测新生儿滤纸干血片的Phe浓度,同时还用串联质谱法检测酪氨酸(Tyr)浓度。采用配对Wilcoxon检验和等级相关分析评价2种方法间的差异和相关性,采用Bland-Altman一致性分析评价2种方法间的一致性。结果荧光分析法和串联质谱法均在62 510例新生儿滤纸干血片样本中检出3例HPA,敏感性均为100%。荧光分析法的阳性预期值为33.3%,串联质谱法的阳性预期值为18.8%,若联合Phe/Tyr比值,串联质谱法的阳性预期值可达100%。正常新生儿Phe浓度呈偏态分布,荧光分析法和串联质谱法检测结果60μmol/L者分别占96.31%和95.08%,≥120μmol/L者仅占0.01%和0.03%。荧光分析法的测定值先低于串联质谱法,至97%位点(Phe≈63μmol/L)处基本持平,然后逐渐高于串联质谱法,2种方法的测定值呈正相关(r=0.43,P0.01)。以不同浓度的Phe测定值作Bland-Altman分析,Phe浓度越高,2种方法的偏移越小,Phe120μmol/L的19个样本点全部落在95%的一致性限内,2种方法有很好的一致性,检测结果有可替代性。结论荧光分析法和串联质谱法检测Phe在低浓度时有差异,高浓度时一致性好。2种方法对于HPA的临床判断无影响,均能用于新生儿筛查。串联质谱法可同时检测Phe和Tyr浓度,若联合Phe/Tyr比值,检出HPA的阳性预期值很高。     

高效液相色谱法在类风湿关节炎患者血清TRP和KYN检测中的应用与临床价值

目的 探讨高效液相色谱荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)同时测定血清色氨酸(TRP)和犬尿氨酸(KYN)对诊断类风湿关节炎(RA)的临床意义.方法 血清标本加等量5%(V/V)高氯酸溶液去除蛋白,离心取上清液20 μl,直接进样分析.色谱柱为HpemilC_8柱(300 mm×6.0 mm i.d,10 μm);流动相为0.25 mol/L醋酸锌和50 mmol/L醋酸溶液(含3%乙腈),流速为1.5 ml/min;0～10 min荧光检测器的激发波长和发射波长分别为365 nm和480 nm,10 min后激发波长和发射波长分别变换为254 nm和404 nm.同时,用该方法测定120名健康成人和110例RA患者血清TRP、KYN和TRP/KYN比值(K/T),并评价其诊断RA的敏感度、特异度和方法学效能.结果 血清标本的KYN和TRP保留时间分别为8.1和11.5 min,两者分离良好.KYN线性范围为0.098 ～19.600 μmol/L,最低检测浓度为0.04 μmol/L;回收率为90.8%～96.2%,日内变异系数为3.68%,日间变异率为4.97%.TRP的线性范围为4.9～196.0μmol/L.最低检测限为0.005 μmol/L,回收率为92.6～106.9%,13内变异系数为3.63%,日间变异系数为4.44%.在本试验的色谱条件下测定苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、犬尿喹啉酸(KYNA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)和Cr均无干扰.RA组患者血清KYN含量和K/T比值[(2.06±0.38) μmol/L和(55.46±5.81)×10~(-3)]与健康对照组[(1.51±0.35)μmol/L和(32.54 ±9.00)×~(-3)]比较,均显著升高(U=3 251.0,t=10 741,P均为0.000),而RA组TRP含量[(38.24±5.27)μmol/L]与健康对照组[(47.52±5.79)μmol/L]比较,则显著降低(t=10.399,P=0.000).K/T比值诊断RA的敏感度、特异度分别为83.6%(92/110)、85.8%(103/120).结论 HPLC-FLD同时测定血清TRP和KYN的方法精密度、回收率、抗干扰能力、线性范围等均符合临床检测要求.K/T比值可作为RA的辅助性诊断指标.     

HPLC-UV检测法同时测定血浆色氨酸和犬尿氨酸的方法学研究

目的 建立一种同时测定血浆中Trp和Kyn浓度的HPLC-UV检测法.方法 以3-硝基酪氨酸(3-N-Tyr)为内标,采用Agilent Hypersil ODS色谱柱进行分离.流动相中醋酸缓冲液( 15 mmol/L,pH 5.5):乙腈为94∶ 6(v/v);流速为0.8 ml/min;柱温:25℃;紫外程序化检测波长:0～4 min,360 nm;4～5 min,302 nm.选取2010年9-12月重庆市九龙坡区第一人民医院15例慢性乙型肝炎患者、8例慢性肾炎患者、10例血小板减少性紫癜患者以及15名健康体检者,用该方法检测其血浆Trp、Kyn水平并计算Kyn/Tp比值;各指标在上述4组间的比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用SNK法.结果 Kyn与Trp的保留时间分别为2.9 min和4.4 min,线性范围分别为0.44～18.30μmol/L和3.67～470.00 μmol/L,检测限分别为0.014 μmol/L和0.122 μmol/L.Kyn与Trp的日内变异均小于3％,日间变异均小于4％.平均回收率均在92.29％～104.40％之间.用该方法测定临床标本,健康对照组、慢性肾炎组、血小板减少性紫癜组以及慢性乙型肝炎组血浆中Kyn浓度分别为(1.59±0.28)、(2.73±0.56)、(2.69±0.44)和(1.54±0.48) μmol/L,Trp浓度分别为(59.8±10.0)、(46.1±11.7)、(58.5±8.0)和(41.4±13.1)μmol/L,Kyn/Trp比值分别为(0.027 4±0.007 5)、(0.061 6±0.0165)、(0.0467±0.0091)和(0.038 3±0.007 5),差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为23.734,8.463和20.921,P均＜0.01).结论 所建立HPLC-UV检测法可同时测定血浆中Kyn和Trp浓度,适合于临床检测.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法在慢性肾功能不全患者血清芳香族氨基酸检测中的临床价值

目的 建立同时测定血清AAA含量的HPLC-FLD法,探讨CRI患者血清AAA含量变化及其临床应用价值。方法血清标本来自于100名健康体检者和80例CRI患者。将CRI患者按2002年美国肾脏基金会(NKF)诊断分期标准进行分期：CKD 2期4例、CKD 3期12例、CKD 4期12例和CKD 5期52例;按CRI不同病因分组：慢性肾炎型32例、糖尿病型36例和高血压型12例。血清经高氯酸去蛋白后,离心取上清液测定,外标法定量。采用Megres C18色谱柱,流动相为乙腈：水（体积比为1∶9）,流速为1.0 ml/min,荧光检测器在不同时间段设定特定波长对血清AAA进行测定。对健康对照组和CRI患者组血清中AAA总量、Tyr、Phe和Trp含量及不同分期和不同病因CRI患者血清Tyr、Phe和Trp含量进行比较,同时评价血清AAA总量诊断CRI的敏感度与特异度。结果Tyr、Phe和Trp线性范围分别为0.550～275.000、3.050 ～1 220.000和0.049～49.000 μmol/L,最低检测限分别为0.014、0.500和0.005 μmol/L,平均回收率分别为100.9％、101.3％和98.5％,日内精密度为2.32％～3.92％（平均为3.13％）,日间精密度为3.18％ ～4.20％（平均为3.58％）。CRI患者组血清AAA总量、Tyr、Trp含量及Tyr/Phe比值分别为(135.74±12.23)、(52.27±8.25)、(21.49±4.25) μmoL/L和[0.87（0.68 ～1.05）],低于健康对照组的(174.47±11.57)、（63.53±4.68）、(44.22±3.67) μmol/L和[0.97（0.94～1.00）],差异均有统计学意义（t=- 14.709、4.452、22.100,U=266.000,P均＜0.05）。不同分期CRI患者Tyr、Phe和Trp含量差异无统计学意义;Tyr含量在慢性肾炎组、高血压组和糖尿病组间差异无统计学意义,Phe在慢性肾炎组与高血压组、慢性肾炎组与糖尿病组间差异有统计学意义（U= 114.00、395.00,P均＜0.05）,Trp在慢性肾炎组与糖尿病组间差异有统计学意义(U=349.00,P＜0.05)。血清AAA总量诊断CRI的敏感度、特异度分别为90％ (72/80)和100％ (100/100)。结论HPLC-FLD法测定血清AAA简便、快速,敏感度高及特异度好,同时测定血清AAA含量对CRI患者的诊断和评价有一定价值。     

流式荧光法与时间分辨法在新生儿PKU筛查中的比较研究

目的比较Astoria-Pacific流式荧光分析法与Perking-Elmer时间分辨荧光分析法在新生儿苯丙酮尿症(PKU)筛查工作中的应用价值。方法分别采用Astoria-Pacific流式荧光法(AP流式荧光法)和WALLAC的Perking-Elmer时间分辨荧光分析法(PE荧光法)同时对1 103例健康新生儿的筛查血片和27例已经确诊的PKU阳性患儿血片进行筛查。收集试验数据分析比较两种方法的相关性及有效性。同时应用AP流式荧光法对不同浓度的已知样本进行检测,统计分析这些检测数据后对AP流式荧光法进行方法学的评价。结果两种方法有很好的相关性(r=0.975),同时,AP流式荧光法的阳性复合率(103.7%)和阴性复合率(99.9%)均较PE荧光法高。AP流式荧光法的准确度、精密度、携带率及最低检测限均能胜任PKU的筛查工作,其中AP流式荧光法的Phe/Tyr比值是提高PKU筛查准确度的重要参数。结论 AP流式荧光法优于PE荧光法,完全适合新生儿PKU的筛查工作,值得推广应用。     

切值重设定在串联质谱法筛查新生儿高苯丙氨酸血症中的临床价值

目的对中山市85 323例新生儿行串联质谱法筛查高苯丙氨酸血症(HPA)的结果进行回顾性分析,评价重设定苯丙氨酸(Phe)、Phe/酪氨酸(Tyr)切值在新生儿HPA筛查中的临床价值。方法选取2014年2月至2018年9月行串联质谱法筛查HPA的新生儿为研究对象,分析切值重设定前后的初筛和确诊情况,了解切值重设定的临床意义。结果切值重设定前后新生儿HPA的筛查阳性率分别为4.57%(1 716/37 527)、0.47%(223/47 796),分别确诊HPA 2、3例,该市新生儿HPA发病率约为1/17 064(5/85 323)。Phe与Phe/Tyr新切值联用对全部新筛结果、切值设定前后及男女新筛结果进行分析,筛查阳性率分别为0.02%、0.01%、0.02%、0.02%、0.02%,均明显低于分别使用Phe原新切值、Phe与Phe/Tyr原切值及HPA诊断"金标准"(120μmol/L)对其进行新筛的阳性率,进一步验证新切值筛查性能结果显示无漏筛,且随访未发现假阴性案例,表明Phe、Phe/Tyr新切值联用在保持筛查敏感性的同时,可提高新生儿HPA的筛查特异度;新生儿性别对Phe、Phe/Tyr切值的影响差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论串联质谱法筛查新生儿HPA在实验室积累一定样本量情况下,应重设定本实验室的参考值,以获得更高的筛查特异性,指导临床早期确诊和治疗新生儿HPA。     

姐妹同患高苯丙氨酸血症2例临床护理

高苯丙氨酸血症(HPA)是指血苯丙氨酸(Phe)浓度>120μmol/L,HPA中绝大多数是由于苯丙氨酸羟化酶(PAH)缺乏所导致的苯丙酮尿症(PKU),极少数是由于PAH的辅酶-四氢生物喋呤(BH4)缺乏而导致的BH4缺乏症[1]。两者治疗截然不同,早期鉴别诊断尤为重要。血清和组织中高浓度Phe     

高效液相色谱-荧光法同时测定血清中的色氨酸和酪氨酸

目的建立一种高效液相色谱（HPLC）-荧光法（FD）同时测定血清色氨酸（Trp）和酪氨酸（Tyr）的方法。方法色谱条件：Megres C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,内径为5μm）,流动相为10%乙腈溶液,流速为1.2 mL/min,Tyr和Trp的荧光检测激发波长和发射波长分别为λexTyr=228 nm、λexTrp=285 nm和λemTyr=306 nm、λemTrp=353 nm。血清样本经5%高氯酸溶液去除蛋白质后取上层清液直接进样进行分析测定。且对样本的保存方法进行了探讨。结果 Tyr的保留时间为3.4 min,线性范围为0.275~275μmol/L,最低检出浓度为0.004μmol/L,回收率为90.5%~108.8%。Trp的保留时间为7.6 min,线性范围为0.490~196μmol/L,最低检测浓度为0.005μmol/L,回收率为88.8%~97.2%。Tyr和Trp的日内、日间测定的相对标准偏差均〈5%,苯丙氨酸、5-羟色胺、犬尿喹啉酸、犬尿氨酸和肌酐等物质对该法均无干扰。样本应-20℃冰冻保存。结论该方法简便、快速、敏感、特异,可同时测定血清Tyr和Trp,适合于临床和科研应用。     

Measurement of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines in body fluids and tissues in children and in adults

We have developed a reliable and validated radio-enzymatic method for the assay of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, using a modification of existing methods. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 mumol/l using 10 microliters of plasma or urine. It is also suitable for measurements of carnitine in a 10 mg sample of liver or muscle obtained by percutaneous biopsy. The use of N-ethylmaleimide in the reaction mixture together with an excess of [1-14C]acetyl CoA ensures that the reaction proceeds to completion and a linear response is obtained. Using this method control ranges have been established for plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in healthy children and adults, and for the carnitine content of liver and muscle in adults. No significant difference was found between fasting and post-prandial plasma carnitine levels. An age-related increase was found in urinary total carnitine and acylcarnitine concentration throughout childhood. These data provide a reliable basis for studies of patients with abnormal carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism, distribution and excretion.     

Rosamicin in Urethral and Vaginal Secretions and Tissues in Dogs and Rats

In animal studies we investigated the distribution of rosamicin in plasma and urethral and vaginal tissues in rats as well as in urethral and vaginal secretions in dogs. We found concentration ratios between urethral secretion and plasma of 1.9 and between vaginal secretion and plasma of 2.4. The rosamicin concentrations in urethral and vaginal tissue significantly exceeded the levels of all other tissues investigated. Because rosamicin could be valuable for the treatment of bacterial urethritis and the colonization of the vaginal introitus with fecal bacteria in women, it should be investigated clinically in this respect.     

Similarities and differences in clients treated and in medications prescribed by APRNs and psychiatrists in a CMHC

This study is part of a larger study comparing prescribing practices of psychiatrists and advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APRNs) using the following three groups of patients: patients treated by psychiatrists, those treated by APRNs, and those treated by both APRNs and psychiatrists at different times in 1 year. Demographics for 5507 patients were examined. A subsample of APRNs and psychiatrists prescribed similar total numbers of medications. Psychiatrists prescribed more types of antidepressant medications other than the SSRI antidepressants, and they prescribed more than twice the number of benzodiazepines. APRNs prescribed more SSRIs and spent more time with clients during medication visits.     

Postural strategies and falls in elderly and in parkinsonism]

OBJECTIVE: To use a posture analysis to show the evolution of postural pattern connected with falls.MATERIAL AND METHOD: It is a prospective study on two groups of 16 persons of more than 60 years. A group concerns 16 small disability off drug parkinsonian patients, a group concerns 16 healthy witnesses. All the persons benefited from a posture recording by means of a force platform and were followed during 1 year. RESULTS: Data analysis underlines three groups of persons corresponding to three postural patterns, independently of the presence of Parkinson disease. A group (n = 18) did not contain fallers, the second (n = 10 ) contained 20% of fallers, the third (n = 4) contained 100% of fallers. Differences between the groups were identified on 16 posturographic parameters. DISCUSSION: A group has a good functional value and one does not record any fall. Its characteristics, which correspond to a category of persons who compensate well for the phenomena of ageing, are found in the literature. A group has an intermediate functional value and regrets 20% of fallers. Kinetic profile reveals a tendency to the stiffness of the posture. This group is going to operate rather ankle strategies. A group has an inferior functional value and regrets 100% of fallers. Kinetic profile seems disrupted and not to be able to adapt itself in a satisfactory way to the situation otherwise than by stereotypical reactions. This group is going to operate systematically much less stabilizing hip strategies. CONCLUSION: A close determinism between physiological neuromotor ageing and Parkinson disease does exist. We showed with a prospective follow-up, the arisen of fall and showed the evolution of postural patterns related to fall. It appears as well that evolution mainly follows three stages leading from a small risk of fall gait pattern to a major risk of fall gait pattern.     

Racial differences in oxidative stress and inflammation: in vitro and in vivo

African American race is an independent risk factor for enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. We sought to examine whether oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers that are typically measured in humans also differ by race in cell culture. We compared levels between African American and Caucasian young adults and then separately in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from both races. We found heightened oxidative stress and inflammation in the African Americans both in vitro and in vivo. African American HUVECs showed higher nitric oxide (NO) levels (10.8 ± 0.4 vs. 8.8 ± 0.7 μmol/L/mg, p = 0.03), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (61.7 ± 4.2 vs. 23.9 ± 9.0 pg/mg, p = 0.02), and lower superoxide dismutase activity (15.6 ± 3.3 vs. 25.4 ± 2.8 U/mg, p = 0.04), and also higher protein expression (p < 0.05) of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, isoforms NOX2 and NOX4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), inducible NOS, as well as IL-6. African American adults had higher plasma protein carbonyls (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 nmol/mg, p = 0.01) and antioxidant capacity (2.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3 mM, p = 0.01). These preliminary translational data demonstrate a racial difference in HUVECs much like that in humans, but should be interpreted with caution given its preliminary nature. It is known that racial differences exist in how humans respond to development and progression of disease, therefore these data suggest that ethnicity of cell model may be important to consider with in vitro clinical research.